The aggregation process may create spurious paths on the aggregated view of multidimensional (high order) complex networks. Consequently, these spurious paths may then cause shortest-path based ...centrality metrics to produce incorrect results, thus undermining the network centrality analysis. In this context, we propose a method built upon MultiAspect Graphs (MAGs) able to avoid taking into account spurious paths when computing centralities based on shortest paths in multidimensional complex networks. We show that, by using our proposed method, pitfalls usually associated with spurious paths resulting from aggregation in multidimensional networks can be avoided at the time of the aggregation process. As a result, shortest-path based centralities are assured to be computed correctly for multidimensional networks, without taking into account spurious paths that could otherwise lead to incorrect results. We also present case studies that show the impact of spurious paths in the computing of shortest paths and consequently of shortest-path based centralities, such as betweenness and closeness, thus illustrating the importance of this contribution.
Estudantes autorregulados tendem a gerenciar suas demandas acadêmicas de modo flexível e crítico a fim de alcançar suas metas. Sendo assim, o objetivo dessa pesquisa foi compreender o processo de ...desenvolvimento da autorregulação da aprendizagem em estudantes universitários. Foi realizado um estudo de caso coletivo, sendo entrevistados três estudantes de graduação em três momentos distintos durante suas participações em uma intervenção com foco na promoção de competências autorregulatórias. Os dados foram analisados por meio de análise de conteúdo, seguindo categorias teóricas a partir do ciclo autorregulatório: fase de antecipação, de desempenho e de autorreflexão. Foi possível observar trajetórias particulares de desenvolvimento, caracterizadas pelo papel da autoeficácia como motivadora para proposição de objetivos e de estratégias. Além disso, conforme esperado teoricamente, o desenvolvimento autorregulatório pareceu depender inicialmente de reguladores externos para sua consolidação. Discute-se a importância de se promover feedbacks acadêmicos relacionados não apenas aos resultados das avaliações, mas também ao processo de estudos, para colaborar na construção de um estudante mais autônomo, crítico e autorregulado.
•Seasonal influenza viruses typically circulate in South America from April-November.•Among those vaccinated in 2022, the odds of influenza hospitalization were 1/3 lower.•Vaccine effectiveness was ...higher in the early season than in the late season.•Health officials should encourage communities to seek influenza vaccination.
This study estimated the 2022 end-of-season influenza vaccine effectiveness (VE) against severe acute respiratory illness (SARI) hospitalization in Chile, Paraguay, and Uruguay.
We pooled surveillance data from SARI cases in 18 sentinel surveillance hospitals in Chile (n = 9), Paraguay (n = 2), and Uruguay (n = 7) from March 16-November 30, 2022. VE was estimated using a test-negative design and logistic regression models adjusted for country, age, sex, presence of ≥1 comorbidity, and week of illness onset. VE estimates were stratified by influenza virus type and subtype (when available) and influenza vaccine target population, categorized as children, individuals with comorbidities, and older adults, defined per countries’ national immunization policies.
Among the 3147 SARI cases, there were 382 (12.1%) influenza test-positive case patients; 328 (85.9%) influenza case patients were in Chile, 33 (8.6%) were in Paraguay, and 21 (5.5%) were in Uruguay. In all countries, the predominant subtype was influenza A(H3N2) (92.6% of influenza cases). Adjusted VE against any influenza-associated SARI hospitalization was 33.8% (95% confidence interval: 15.3%, 48.2%); VE against influenza A(H3N2)-associated SARI hospitalization was 30.4% (95% confidence interval: 10.1%, 46.0%). VE estimates were similar across target populations.
During the 2022 influenza season, influenza vaccination reduced the odds of hospitalization among those vaccinated by one-third. Health officials should encourage influenza vaccination in accordance with national recommendations.
Sharing travel experiences through social networks has become a very common practice today. Access and exposure to posted content can generate, in users, behavioral and emotional reactions capable of ...affecting their intention to travel. Based on this, the objective of the present work is to verify the effects of behavioral characteristics (social comparison, envy and self-presentation) on the intention to visit destinations, as displayed by users on social networks--more specifically, on Instagram. The study methodology consists of a survey applied online from May to June 2018 with Instagram users, in which we obtained 547 valid responses. For data analysis, we used descriptive statistics, factor analysis, and logistic regression to test and confirm the hypotheses of the presented theoretical model. The results indicate that envy and social comparison increase the odds of intention to visit a destination, with the strongest effect being related to the social comparison variable.
Abstract
Objectives
Negative age stereotypes have negative, assimilative effects on the subjective aging experience due to internalization processes, but sometimes positive contrast effects are ...reported as well, reflecting dissociation and downward comparisons. Our aim was thus to compare short-term and long-term consequences of age stereotypes on the subjective aging experience, to test the hypothesis that contrast effects are visible cross-sectionally, whereas internalization processes are observed when considering long-term changes.
Methods
We assessed age stereotypes and subjective age in a core sample of N = 459 participants (initial age range 30–80 years) from the Ageing as Future project across 3 consecutive measurement occasions spanning a longitudinal interval of 10 years. Short-term and long-term effects were estimated with latent growth models by assessing the effects of age stereotypes on the intercepts (cross-sectional) and on the slopes (longitudinal) of subjective age, respectively, while controlling for current self-views.
Results
Age stereotypes had opposite effects on subjective age depending on the time frame. A cross-sectional contrast effect was found, whereas longitudinal effects were assimilative in nature.
Discussion
Our findings support the time-dependent nature of the effects of age stereotypes on the subjective aging experience. Negative age stereotypes temporarily lead to a significantly younger subjective age, indicating dissociation from one’s age group and downward comparison. In the long run, however, negative (positive) age stereotypes become internalized into the self-views of older people and are linked to a relatively older (younger) subjective age.
Age Differences in Age Stereotypes De Paula Couto, Clara; Ostermeier, Ronja; Rothermund, Klaus
GeroPsych,
12/2022, Volume:
35, Issue:
4
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
Open access
We examined the domain-specific views of young and old people held by young (18-30 years, n = 278) and older adults (60-85 years, n = 289) in Germany, the USA, and India. Views about old and young ...people differed between life domains but were mostly similar across age groups and countries. Older adults in the USA and Germany - but not in India - held slightly less negative views about old people than did young people in some domains, possibly indicating a projection of better-than-expected own aging experiences of older adults into their in-group stereotypes in Western countries. The findings of our study can be explained by socialization processes, supporting mostly a developmental perspective regarding the acquisition and endorsement of age stereotypes.
Personal Cloud Storage (PCS) is a very popular Internet service. In addition to backup, PCS allows content sharing among multiple devices, which is a valuable functionality for many users. Yet ...maintaining a PCS service incurs both storage and bandwidth costs to service providers, as the update and successive downloads of shared files may generate extra traffic on the PCS cloud servers. This becomes particularly worrisome as a large fraction of users (e.g., over 90%) does not pay for the service, joining a free version with limited storage capacity but typically without content sharing restrictions. Thus, a natural concern arises on the costs and benefits of such service, for both provider and users. In this paper, we propose a model to analyze the cost-benefit tradeoffs of content sharing in PCS services for both parties. Our model uses a macroeconomic concept, notably
user surplus
, to capture the satisfaction of different classes of users, as well as a cost saving function to capture the interest of the provider in reducing bandwidth costs. We use our model to evaluate two alternative policies to the content sharing architecture in use in existing PCS services, searching for scenarios in which both parties have benefits. The proposed policies rely on incentives given to users in exchange of their participation to offload shared content from cloud servers. Our investigation, based on analytical modeling and data-driven experiments, shows that the incentive leads to greater satisfaction to both parties, and that the alternative policies can reach scenarios which benefit both provider and users, with reductions in provider’s bandwidth costs by 20% and increases in user satisfaction from 51 to 82% under reasonable model assumptions.
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