Neuropathy is a common, often debilitating complication of cancer and its treatment. Effective management of this disorder depends on early diagnosis and an understanding of its underlying causes in ...the individual patient. In January 2009, NCCN gathered a multidisciplinary group to review the literature and discuss intervention strategies currently available to patients as well as areas that require research efforts. The task force, which comprised experts in anesthesiology, medical oncology, neurology, neuro-oncology, neurophysiology, nursing, pain management, and rehabilitation, was charged with the goal of outlining recommendations for the possible prevention, diagnosis, and management of neuropathy. This report documents the proceedings of this meeting with a general background on neuropathy and neuropathy in oncology, followed by discussions on challenges and research issues, evaluation criteria, and management of different symptoms associated with this disorder.
Bacterial resistance to the main widespread antibiotics, such as those based on quinolones, is a concern of the scientific community, leading to the search for new classes of molecules that can be ...used as an alternative. Here, we investigate the crystalline and chemical characteristics of a thioxopyrimide to understand its demonstrated biological activity and to identify which portion of the molecule can be used as a framework to develop new antibiotics. For this purpose, structural studies of ethyl 4-methyl-2-phenyl-6-thioxo-1,6-dihydro-5-pyrimidinecarboxylate were carried out aided by Hirshfeld surface analysis, as well as theoretical calculations on frontier molecular orbitals, molecular electrostatic potential, and conformational stability, in addition to docking studies targeting topoisomerase IV. The docking results show a reasonable accommodation of the molecule at the topoisomerase IV binding site and interact mainly by hydrogen bonds between the thioxopyrimidine portion with Glu198, Thr292, and Gly225, aided by hydrophobic interactions involving the rest of the molecule. These results suggest a relationship between the antibacterial activity shown mainly with the 4-thioxopyrimidine portion, leading to the investigation of new compounds that use this scaffold.
Graphical abstract
In this contribution the higher order analyses equations for a kinematic chain are deduced by successive derivation of the velocity analysis equation. In order to simplify the process, a generic ...expression formed by the Jacobian matrix times a general vector of appropriate dimension is defined. Deriving this expression and forming similar generic expressions, it is possible to obtain first, second and third derivatives of the original expression. From these derivatives, the second -acceleration-, third -jerk- and fourth -jounce- order analyses equations are easily obtained. These equations are compared with those previously obtained by Lerbet and Duffy and his coworkers, and they are found to be in complete agreement. Finally, these expressions are employed to determine the local mobility of three single-loop kinematic chains in singular positions in which most of the techniques for the mobility determination fail. The first example is a kinematotropic linkage. In the second example, the expressions are employed to prove that a seemingly movable linkage is, in reality, a structure; an important detail in this example is that the expressions for the fourth order analysis are required. Finally, a reconfigurable linkage is dealt with, in the third example.
•A different way to come up with the higher-order analyses equations derived by Duffy, Rico and Gallardo is shown.•The method allows comparing the equations derived by Duffy, Rico and Gallardo with those derived by Lerbet, showing that they are equivalent.•A more compact notation for the higher order kinematic analyses is developed.•The method allows to show that the equations derived by Duffy, Rico and Gallardo are equivalent to those derived by Lerbet.•The equations obtained can be applied to both open and closed kinematic chains.
O presente artigo objetiva centralmente analisar as seguintes hipóteses no âmbito do pensamento político do filósofo italiano Norberto Bobbio: (1) a necessidade de um tertium datur terceiro presente ...no sistema internacional; e (2) as considerações sobre a Organização das Nações Unidas (ONU) como tertium non datur terceiro ausente ou tertium datur terceiro presente no sistema internacional em relação a questões de paz e segurança coletiva. O artigo se justifica em função tanto da importância do pensamento político bobbiano quanto em função do maior destaque acadêmico concedido até o momento aos temas da democracia, dos direitos humanos e paz-guerra que ao seu pensamento internacional, consubstanciando uma lacuna intelectual nos estudos sobre o pensamento desse importante pensador contemporâneo, além da importância da ONU como maior organização internacional universal do sistema internacional.
The effects of temperature on breathing pattern and oxygen consumption are being investigated in juvenile tortoises and compared to adults, in order to understand physiological adjustments of the ...respiratory system as related to body size, especially regarding the energetic expenditure associated with growth. We analyzed the breathing pattern and oxygen consumption of juvenile and adult red-footed tortoises (Chelonoidis carbonarius, Cryptodira: Testudinidae). The animals (N = 9; body mass ranging from 0.03 Kg to 2.5 Kg) were exposed to normoxic-normocarbic conditions using open respirometry in order to determine the breathing pattern and oxygen consumption in three different temperatures (15, 25, 35 °C). The obtained results showed intermittent breathing pattern in all tested temperatures in juveniles and adults. Tidal volume was not affected by changes in temperature, while breathing frequency increased significantly with increasing temperature, leading to a significant increment in minute ventilation between 15 and 35 °C. Mass specific oxygen consumption increased significantly with temperature and juveniles showed greater values when compared to adults. The alterations in the ventilatory response to temperature changes occurred in order to maintain the oxygen supply with increased metabolic activity. The differences between juveniles and adults in breathing frequency lead to juveniles needing a lower ventilation rate to perform gas exchange while extracting more oxygen. While these differences might be attributed to a greater metabolic expenditure during development, scaling effects on respiratory variables might be the main contributors to the found differences.
•Ventilation and gas exchange were measured in Chelonoidis carbonarius at three different temperatures (15, 25, 35 °C).•Intermittent breathing pattern was prevalent in all animals and all temperatures tested.•Air convection requirement was significantly lower in juveniles than in adult tortoises due to a greater O2 extraction.•The greater juvenile O2 consumption did not significantly alter an allometric regression of metabolic rate in Testudines.
We show that firms with chief executive officers (CEOs) who gain general managerial skills over their lifetime of work experience produce more patents. We address the potential endogenous CEO–firm ...matching bias using firm–CEO fixed effects and variation in the enforceability of noncompete agreements across states and over time during the CEO’s career. Our findings suggest that generalist CEOs spur innovation because they acquire knowledge beyond the firm’s current technological domain, and they have skills that can be applied elsewhere should innovation projects fail. We conclude that an efficient labor market for executives can promote innovation by providing a mechanism of tolerance for failure.
The Internet appendix is available at
https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2017.2828
.
This paper was accepted by Gustavo Manso, finance.
The Spanish coastal aquifers are often complex and bounded by or inside mountainous areas. Most of them are in Quaternary and Miocene littoral sediments or highly karstified carbonate formations, or ...in the case of the Canary Islands in volcanic formations. Along the Spanish Mediterranean coast and the Balearic and Canarian archipelagos coasts, 95 groundwater bodies have been identified, often including several aquifers. Some kind of marine salinization problems have been identified in 70 groundwater bodies (20 with generalized problems) but only a few aquifers have detailed, specific studies on sea water intrusion. Information on salinization is often based on scarce and occasional data.
PDF
