The present study was aimed to document the effect of heat stress on the transcriptional abundance of heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) mRNA in cultured cardiac cells of goat. The heart tissues (n = 6) ...from different goats were used for the culture study. The cardiac cells obtained from different heart tissues were cultured in 24 well cell culture plates and incubated in a humidified CO
2
(5%) incubator at 37 °C. The cardiac cells were allowed to become 75-80% confluent after 72 h of incubation. Thereafter, the cardiac cells were subjected to heat exposure at 42 °C (heat exposed) for 0, 20, 60 and 100 min. The cardiac cells exposed to heat stress at 42 °C for 0 min was taken as control. The relative abundance of HSP70 mRNA was gradually up-regulated (p < .05) from 20 to 100 min of heat exposure and reached the zenith (p < .05) at 100 min of heat challenge. The present finding highlights that, HSP70 could possibly act as a cytoprotective factor and may promote cardiac cell survival against the detrimental effect of heat stress. Moreover, this study may serve as the harbinger to conduct further research work on expression kinetics of HSP70 in cardiac cells of goat including other livestock species.
The present study was aimed to investigate the effect of heat stress on the expression kinetics of heat shock protein 27 (HSP27) mRNA in cultured cardiac cells of goats. The heart tissues (n = 6) ...from different goats were used for the culture study. The cardiac cells obtained from different heart tissues were cultured in 24-well culture plates and incubated in a humidified CO
2
(5%) incubator at 37°C. The cardiac cells were allowed to become 75-80% confluent after 72 h of incubation. Thereafter, the cardiac cells were subjected to heat exposure at 42°C (heat exposed) for 0, 20, 60 and 100 min. The cardiac cells exposed to heat stress at 42°C for 0 min was taken as control. The relative abundance of HSP27 mRNA did not change at 20 min of heat exposure and increased (P < 0.05) at 60 and 100 min of heat exposure as compared to control. However, the highest (P < 0.05) relative abundance of HSP27 mRNA was noticed at 100 min of heat exposure. The present findings indicate that HSP27 could possibly promote thermo-protection to cardiac cell from the detrimental effect of heat stress.
The present study was aimed with an objective to investigate the effect of heat challenge on the expression dynamics of heat shock protein 90 (HSP90) mRNA in cultured cardiac cells of goat. The heart ...tissues (n = 6) from different goats were used for the culture study. The cardiac cells obtained from different heart tissues were cultured in 24-well cell culture plates and incubated in a humidified CO
2
(5%) incubator at 39°C. The cardiac cells were allowed to become 75-80% confluent after 72 h of incubation. Then, the cardiac cells were subjected to heat challenge at 42°C for 0, 20, 60 and 100 min. The cardiac cells exposed to heat challenge at 42°C for 0 min was taken as control. The relative abundance of HSP90 mRNA was assessed by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). The relative abundance of HSP90 mRNA did not change at 20 min of heat challenge as compared to control. Thereafter, the relative abundance of HSP90 mRNA was significantly increased (P < 0.05) at 60 and 100 min of heat challenge. However, the relative abundance of HSP90 mRNA was registered to be highest (P < 0.05) at 100 min of heat challenge. The present study suggests that overexpression of HSP90 mRNA could safeguard cardiac cell against the detrimental effect of heat stress and may provide thermo-tolerance to goat during extreme environmental conditions.
Lifestyle, habits, diet, and genetics are all important factors associated with the prevalence of hypertension. Many association studies have been performed in the Chinese Han population, whereas ...data explaining the high prevalence of hypertension in the Mongolian population remain scarce. In the present study, we aimed to determine the factors associated with the development of essential hypertension in Mongolians. A total of 194 hypertensive cases and 201 controls from Dongwu County were enrolled in the study. Demographics, anthropometric and blood biochemical parameters, food intake, lifestyle, habits, education, occupation, and family history were recorded for each subject. Genotype and allele frequencies of six single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the kallikrein 1 (KLK1) gene were also examined. Mean body mass index, waistline, hipline, blood sugar, blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, uric acid, total cholesterol, triglyceride, and low-density lipoprotein levels were all significantly higher in the hypertensive group (P<0.01). Hypertensives consumed less milk, vegetables, and fruits, and had higher cigarette, alcohol, and salt intake (P<0.05). There were also less regular physical exercisers and manual workers among the hypertensive group (P<0.05). The mean inheritance rank of the hypertensive group was higher than that of controls (P<0.05). There were no differences in the distribution of genotype and allele frequencies of the six SNPs between the hypertensive and control groups (P>0.05). These results suggest that dietary history and habits have the most important influence on the development of essential hypertension in the Mongolian population.
Aim: The aim was to study the chromosome analysis of arsenic affected cattle. Materials and Methods: 27 female cattle (21 arsenic affected and 6 normal) were selected for cytogenetical study. The ...blood samples were collected, incubated, and cultured using appropriate media and specific methods. The samples were analyzed for chromosome number and morphology, relative length of the chromosome, arm ratio, and centromere index of X chromosome and chromosomal abnormalities in arsenic affected cattle to that of normal ones. Results: The diploid number of metaphase chromosomes in arsenic affected cattle as well as in normal cattle were all 2n=60, 58 being autosomes and 2 being sex chromosomes. From the centromeric position, karyotyping studies revealed that all the 29 pair of autosomes was found to be acrocentric or telocentric, and the sex chromosomes (XX) were submetacentric in both normal and arsenic affected cattle. The relative length of all the autosome pairs and sex chrosomosome pair was found to be higher in normal than that of arsenic affected cattle. The mean arm ratio of X-chromosome was higher in normal than that of arsenic affected cattle, but it is reverse in case of centromere index value of X-chromosome. There was no significant difference of arm ratio and centromere index of X-chromosomes between arsenic affected and normal cattle. No chromosomal abnormalities were found in arsenic affected cattle. Conclusion: The chromosome analysis of arsenic affected cattle in West Bengal reported for the first time in this present study which may serve as a guideline for future studies in other species. These reference values will also help in comparison of cytological studies of arsenic affected cattle to that of various toxicants. Keywords: arsenic, autosomes, karyotyping, metaphase chromosome.
Characterizing the Cluster Lens Population Hennawi, Joseph F; Dalal, Neal; Bode, Paul ...
Astrophysical journal/The Astrophysical journal,
01/2007, Volume:
654, Issue:
2
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
Open access
We present a detailed investigation into which properties of CDM halos make them effective strong gravitational lenses. Strong-lensing cross sections of 878 clusters from an TV-body simulation are ...measured by ray-tracing through 13,594 unique projections. We measure concentrations, axis ratios, orientations, and the substructure of each cluster, and compare the lensing-weighted distribution of each quantity to that of the cluster population as a whole. The concentrations of lensing clusters are on average 34% larger than the typical cluster in the universe. Despite this bias, the anomalously high concentrations (c > 14) recently measured by several groups appear to be inconsistent with the concentration distribution in our simulations, which predict that <2% of lensing clusters should have concentrations this high. No correlation is found between lensing cross section and substructure. We introduce several types of simplified dark matter halos and use them to isolate which properties of CDM clusters make them effective lenses. The abundance of giant arcs is primarily determined by the mass distribution within an average overdensity of 6 0,000. A multiple-lens-plane ray-tracing algorithm is used to show that projections of large-scale structure increase the giant arc abundance modestly, by <7%. We revisit the claimed excess of giant arcs behind high redshift clusters in the RCS survey and find that the number of high-redshift (z > 0.6) lenses is in good agreement with ACDM, although our simulations predict more low-redshift (z < 0.6) lenses than observed.
Background: Follicular fluid is in part exudates of serum and is also partially composed of locally produced substances, which are related to the metabolic activity of the follicular cells. The ...knowledge of the biochemical composition of follicular fluid can provide useful information about the requirements, growth and maturation of oocyte and which may be used as a provisional guide for formulating suitable culture media for in vitro cell culture and maturation in a particular species. Methods: Follicular fluid were aspirated from small follicles ( less than 3 mm; SF), medium follicles (3-5 mm; MF) and large follicles ( greater than 5 mm; LF). Blood samples were also collected for extraction of serum. Follicular fluid and serum samples were analyzed for biochemical constituents. Conclusion: It can be concluded that some biochemical constituents of follicular fluid such as glucose, cholesterol, total protein and globulin were higher in large follicles compared to small follicles. Moreover, serum levels of most of biochemical constituents were higher than their levels in different sizes of follicular fluid. This present investigation of comparative analysis of biochemical constituents between serum and ovarian follicles in Ganjam goat of Odisha will provide clues to researchers who work on reproductive physiology in different breeds of goat.
Distance probes of dark energy Kim, A.G.; Padmanabhan, N.; Aldering, G. ...
Astroparticle physics,
03/2015, Volume:
63
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
Open access
This document presents the results from the Distances subgroup of the Cosmic Frontier Community Planning Study (Snowmass 2013). We summarize the current state of the field as well as future prospects ...and challenges. In addition to the established probes using Type Ia supernovae and baryon acoustic oscillations, we also consider prospective methods based on clusters, active galactic nuclei, gravitational wave sirens and strong lensing time delays.
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