We study the amount and distribution of dark matter substructures within dark matter haloes, using a large set of high-resolution simulations ranging from group-size to cluster-size haloes, and ...carried out within a cosmological model consistent with Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe (WMAP) 7-year data. In particular, we study how the measured properties of subhaloes vary as a function of the parent halo mass, the physical properties of the parent halo and redshift. The fraction of halo mass in substructures increases with increasing mass: it is of the order of 5 per cent for haloes with M
200∼ 1013 M⊙ and of the order of 10 per cent for the most massive haloes in our sample, with M
200∼ 1015 M⊙. There is, however, a very large halo-to-halo scatter that can be explained only in part by a range of halo physical properties, e.g. concentration. At a given halo mass, less concentrated haloes contain significantly larger fractions of mass in substructures because of the reduced strength of tidal disruption. Most of the substructure mass is located at the outskirts of the parent haloes, in relatively few massive subhaloes. This mass segregation appears to become stronger at increasing redshift, and should reflect into a more significant mass segregation of the galaxy population at different cosmic epochs. When haloes are accreted on to larger structures, their mass is significantly reduced by tidal stripping. Haloes that are more massive at the time of accretion (these should host more luminous galaxies) are brought closer to the centre on shorter time-scales by dynamical friction, and therefore suffer a more significant stripping. The halo merger rate depends strongly on the environment with substructure in more massive haloes suffering more important mergers than their counterparts residing in less massive systems. This should translate into a different morphological mix for haloes of different mass.
The Concise Guide to PHARMACOLOGY 2023/24: Ion channels Alexander, Stephen P. H.; Mathie, Alistair A.; Peters, John A. ...
British journal of pharmacology,
October 2023, 2023-10-00, 20231001, Volume:
180, Issue:
S2
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
Open access
The Concise Guide to PHARMACOLOGY 2023/24 is the sixth in this series of biennial publications. The Concise Guide provides concise overviews, mostly in tabular format, of the key properties of ...approximately 1800 drug targets, and over 6000 interactions with about 3900 ligands. There is an emphasis on selective pharmacology (where available), plus links to the open access knowledgebase source of drug targets and their ligands (https://www.guidetopharmacology.org/), which provides more detailed views of target and ligand properties. Although the Concise Guide constitutes almost 500 pages, the material presented is substantially reduced compared to information and links presented on the website. It provides a permanent, citable, point‐in‐time record that will survive database updates. The full contents of this section can be found at http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.16178. Ion channels are one of the six major pharmacological targets into which the Guide is divided, with the others being: G protein‐coupled receptors, nuclear hormone receptors, catalytic receptors, enzymes and transporters. These are presented with nomenclature guidance and summary information on the best available pharmacological tools, alongside key references and suggestions for further reading. The landscape format of the Concise Guide is designed to facilitate comparison of related targets from material contemporary to mid‐2023, and supersedes data presented in the 2021/22, 2019/20, 2017/18, 2015/16 and 2013/14 Concise Guides and previous Guides to Receptors and Channels. It is produced in close conjunction with the Nomenclature and Standards Committee of the International Union of Basic and Clinical Pharmacology (NC‐IUPHAR), therefore, providing official IUPHAR classification and nomenclature for human drug targets, where appropriate.
We exploit the first public data release of VIPERS to investigate environmental effects in the evolution of galaxies between z ~ 0.5 and 0.9. The large number of spectroscopic redshifts (more than 50 ...000) over an area of about 10 deg2 provides a galaxy sample with high statistical power. We estimate the stellar mass function of galaxies residing in these two environments and constrain the high-mass end with unprecedented precision. We observe an evolution of the stellar mass function of VIPERS galaxies in high densities, while the low-density one is nearly constant. We compare these results to semi-analytical models and find consistent environmental signatures in the simulated stellar mass functions. We discuss how the halo mass function and fraction of central/satellite galaxies depend on the environments considered, making intrinsic and environmental properties of galaxies physically coupled, hence difficult to disentangle. The same formalism could also describe the evolution of the mass function in the high density regions, but only if a significant contribution from dry mergers is considered.
Abstract
Background
The clinical decision-making of non-conveyance is perceived as complex and difficult by emergency medical services (EMS) professionals. Patients with a transient loss of ...consciousness (TLOC) based on syncope constitute a significant part of the non-conveyance population. Risk stratification is the basis of the clinical decision-making process by EMS professionals. This risk stratification is based on various patient factors. This study aimed to explore patient factors significantly associated with conveyance decision-making by EMS professionals in patients with a TLOC based on syncope.
Methods
A cross-sectional vignette study with a factorial survey design was conducted. Patient factors were derived from the “National Protocol Ambulance Care”, and all possible combinations of these factors and underlying categories were combined, resulting in 256 unique vignettes (2*4*4*4*2 = 256). Patient factors presented either low-risk or high-risk factors for adverse events. Data were collected through an online questionnaire, in which participants received a random sample of 15 vignettes. For each vignette, the respondent indicated whether the patient would need to be conveyed to the emergency department or not. A multilevel logistic regression analysis with stepwise backward elimination was performed to analyse factors significantly associated with conveyance decision-making. In the logistic model, we modelled the probability of non-conveyance.
Results
110 respondents were included, with 1646 vignettes being assessed. Mean age 45.5 (SD 9.3), male gender 63.6%, and years of experience 13.2 (SD 8.9). Multilevel analysis showed two patient factors contributing significantly to conveyance decision-making: ‘red flags’ and ‘prehospital electrocardiogram (ECG)’. Of these patient factors, three underlying categories were significantly associated with non-conveyance: ‘sudden cardiac death < 40 years of age in family history’ (OR 0.33, 95% CI 0.22–0.50; p < 0.001), ‘cardiovascular abnormalities, pulmonary embolism or pulmonary hypertension in the medical history’ (OR 0.62, 95% CI 0.43–0.91; p = 0.01), and ‘abnormal prehospital ECG’ (OR 0.54, 95% CI 0.41–0.72; p < 0.001).
Conclusion
Sudden cardiac death < 40 years of age in family history, medical history, and abnormal ECG are significantly negatively associated with non-conveyance decision-making by EMS professionals in patients with a TLOC based on syncope. Low-risk factors do not play a significant role in conveyance decision-making.
The performances of In2O3/ZrO2, ZrO2 and In2O3 were evaluated in the synthesis of isobutene from ethanol in one‐step. These catalysts were characterized by XRD, EPR, TPD‐H2O, TPD‐NH3, TPD‐ethanol and ...pyridine adsorption. The In2O3/ZrO2 catalyst is a promising catalytic system for the synthesis of isobutene from ethanol. The catalytic tests showed that acetone, hydrogen and carbon dioxide are the main co‐products of this synthesis. The In2O3/ZrO2 catalyst can promote the synthesis of isobutene due to the inter‐diffusion process between In2O3 and ZrO2. This phenomenon generates, among others, the Zr insertion and a high concentration of anionic vacancies in the In2O3 lattice. This increases the In2O3/ZrO2 redox properties leading to a high activity of this catalyst for the acetone generation, a key intermediate of the isobutene synthesis. These changes also promote the acid and basic properties of In2O3/ZrO2, which are in charge of the acetaldehyde synthesis, acetone condensation and, finally, dehydration of the intermediates of the isobutene synthesis.
Redox to the max: The In2O3/ZrO2 catalyst is a promising system for the isobutene synthesis from ethanol due to the inter‐diffusion process between these oxides, which generates a high concentration of anionic vacancies in the In2O3 lattice. This increases the In2O3/ZrO2 redox properties leading to a high activity of this catalyst for the acetone generation, a key intermediate of this synthesis. The In2O3−ZrO2 interaction also promotes the In2O3/ZrO2 acid and basic properties which are in charge of many steps of this cascade reaction.
Microorganisms dominate most of Antarctic ecosystems and play a crucial role in their functioning. They are called extremophilic microorganisms with unique and versatile metabolic properties with ...possible biotechnological applications in several areas. The aim of the present study was to identify psychrotolerant microorganisms from Antarctic continent samples and to screen them for antimicrobial effects. Phylogenetic analyses revealed that most isolates were closely related to recognized species, including those recovered previously from Antarctica, which belonged to the major phyla Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, Actinobacteria, and Proteobacteria (classes Alpha, Beta, and Gammaproteobacteria). A total of 326 bacterial isolates, distributed in 39 different genera, were recovered and identified based on sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene. The main representative genera were
Arthrobacter
,
Psychrobacter
,
Pseudoalteromonas
, and
Rhodococcus
. Antimicrobial screening revealed fifteen isolates capable of inhibiting growth of at least one of the indicator strains:
Escherichia coli
,
Micrococcus luteus
,
Staphylococcus aureus
,
Bacillus subtilis
, and
Candida albicans
. One psychrotolerant bacterium,
Pseudomonas
sp. isolate 99, showed a broad antimicrobial range, in addition to antiproliferative and antiparasitic activity. Overall, the small number of antibiotic-producing isolates obtained and the weakness of their inhibition halos corroborated previous findings suggesting that cold-loving bacteria from Antarctica are not as good as their relatives from mesophilic environments for antimicrobial prospecting. Nonetheless, antiproliferative and antiparasitic results observed are promising and suggest that there is an untapped wealth in Antarctic environments for bioprospecting compounds with pharmaceutical potential application.
Acetone from ethanol employing ZnxZr1−xO2−y Silva-Calpa, Leydi del R.; Zonetti, Priscila C.; de Oliveira, Daniela C. ...
Catalysis today,
07/2017, Volume:
289
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
Display omitted
•The oxygen of ZnxZr1−xO2−y lattice oxidizes acetaldehyde to acetate species.•The H2O dissociation on vacancies of ZnxZr1−xO2−y reoxidizes the catalyst.•Zn and the species at its ...vicinity are the sites where the reaction steps occur.•Adding Zn to the m-ZrO2 lattice, the rate of the redox step is improved.•Adding Zn to the m-ZrO2 lattice, the density of the strong acid sites decrease.
The main purpose of this work is to contribute to the description of the acetone synthesis from ethanol employing ZnxZr1-xO2-y based catalysts. The catalytic behavior of these solids was evaluated (isoconversion) in the acetone synthesis. The most active catalyst and m-ZrO2 (used as a reference) were characterized by the following techniques: pyridine adsorption, TPD of NH3, TPD of CO2, TPD of ethanol followed by IR (DRIFTS)/MS, TPD of ethanol followed by XANES at the Zr K-edge and Zn K-edge and XRD in situ. The present study suggests that the main steps of the acetone generation from ethanol are the following: firstly, ethoxide species are generated and, then, they are dehydrogenated to acetaldehyde. Both steps are related to strong basic and acid sites. Acetaldehyde reacts with the O of the solid solution generating acetate species and vacancies on the catalyst surface. These carboxylate species condensate (strong basic sites) and generate acetone and CO2. Water dissociates on the vacancies of the catalyst and reoxidizes the its surface, closing the catalytic cycle. All these steps might occur on Zn+2 and on the species in its vicinity (XANES).
Abstract Objectives To evaluate the prevalence of chromosomal anomalies in fetuses affected by increased nuchal translucency(iNT >99Th centile), cystic hygroma (CH) and cases progressing to fetal ...hydrops (NIHF) in order to correlate this result to prognosis and perinatal fetal outcomes, improving patient's counseling. Methods From January 2020 to December 2023, first trimester screening according to FMF criteria were performed in “Maternal fetal medicine Unit” of Foggia's hospital. We studied and collected clinical data of fetuses affected by nuchal translucency >99th centile (iNT), CH and cases progressing to Fetal Hydrops (non‐immune fetal hydrop, NIFH). In these selected cases, we evaluated fetal Karyotype to demonstrate the presence of chromosomal abnormalities, associated to fetal structural anomalies and different pregnancy outcome. Results We have evaluated 45 cases of iNT, CH, and NIFH, identified by ultrasound during first trimester screening. Of these 45 pregnant women, four were lost to follow‐up. Of the 41 pregnancies, 20 cases (48.8%) delivered at our division with newborns discharged in good health. Of the 21 patients (51.2%) who miscarried, only two miscarried spontaneously; the other 19 decided on a medical termination of pregnancy (MTP). The 19 patients who decided for MTP showed genetic abnormalities and/or malformation. The 20 cases of fetuses discharged as healthy newborns were enrolled with the following diagnoses: 5 had a diagnosis of CH (20% of cases), 1 case of NIFH (5% of cases), and 14 of iNT (75% of cases). All these fetuses had a normal karyotype and no major malformations. Conclusions Isolated CH diagnosis is more frequent than described in Literature (5 cases out of 12: 41.7%) and their prognosis are better than previously described, with the same outcomes of fetuses with iNT without associated anomalies. The possibility of early diagnosis of chromosomal anomalies, associated malformations or the evolution into hydrops is essential for a complete consultation.
Display omitted
•Adding Zn to m-ZrO2 causes the formation of a ZnxZr1−xO2−y surface solid solution.•Zn replaces Zr in the first layers of the m-ZrO2 lattice generating oxygen vacancies.•CO2 ...conversion rate of the RWGS reaction increases when Zn concentration increases.•The redox properties of m-ZrO2 are improved by adding Zn to this oxide.
In order to improve the redox properties of m-ZrO2, three different amounts of Zn were added to this oxide using a simple and effective technique. The XRD, XPS and Raman techniques showed that Zn did not form a ZnO phase but instead it diffused inside the first layers of m-ZrO2 lattice. The XRD, EPR and also TPD of H2O results indicated the formation of oxygen vacancies when Zn was added to m-ZrO2. These results showed that Zn replaces Zr in the m-ZrO2 lattice forming a surface solid solution (ZnxZr1−xO2−y). The TPR-H2 experiments exhibited that as the Zn concentration increased, the H2 consumption raised as well. The TPD of ethanol depicted that Zn catalysts were able to oxidize ethanol whereas m-ZrO2 was not. These results are associated with the higher oxygen mobility and reducibility of these samples compared with m-ZrO2. Finally, it was verified that increasing the Zn concentration in the catalysts, increases the CO2 conversion rate in the RWGS reaction, as well. Thus, the formation of the ZnxZr1−xO2−y surface solid solution generates O vacancies and improves the reducibility and O mobility of m-ZrO2. Adding Zn to m-ZrO2 changes the redox properties of the oxide
We measure the evolution of the galaxy stellar mass function from z = 1.3W z = 0.5 using the first 53 608 redshifts of the ongoing VIMOS Public Extragalactic Survey (VIPERS). Thanks to its large ...volume and depth, VIPERS provides a detailed picture of the galaxy distribution at z approx = 0.8, when the Universe Was approx =7 Gyr old. We carefully estimate the uncertainties and systematic effects associated with the SED fitting procedure used the derive galaxy stellar masses. We estimate the galaxy stellar mass function at several epochs Stween z = 0.5 and 1.3, discussing the amount of cosmic variance affecting our estimate in detail. We find that for such high masses, red galaxies show a milder evolution with redshift, when compared the objects at lower masses. At the same time, we detect a population of similarly massive blue galaxies, which are no longer detectable below z = 0.7. These results show the improved statistical power of VIPERS data, and give initial promising indications of mass-dependent quenching of galaxies at z approx = 1.
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