We compared patterns of soil bacterial community diversity and structure in six secondary forests (JM,
; QM,
; MB, mixed Broadleaf forest; BE,
; CB, conifer-broadleaf forest; PT,
) and two plantation ...forests (LG, Larix gmelinii; PK,
) of the Baishilazi Nature Reserve, China, based on the 16S rRNA high-throughput Illumina sequencing data. The correlations between the bacterial community and soil environmental factors were also examined. The results showed that the broadleaf forests (JM, QM, MB) had higher levels of total C (TC), total N (TN), available N (AN), and available K (AK) compared to the coniferous forests (PT, LG, PK) and conifer-broadleaf forest (CB). Different revegetation pathways had different effects on the soil bacterial community diversity and structure. For the α-diversity, the highest Shannon index and Simpson index were found in JM. The Simpson index was significantly positively correlated with the available P (AP) (
< 0.05), and the Shannon index was significantly positively correlated with AK (
< 0.05). Compared with others, the increased ACE index and Chao1 index were observed in the CB and MB, and both of these α-diversity were significantly negative with AK (
< 0.05). The relative abundances of bacterial phyla and genera differed among different revegetation types. At the phylum level, the dominant phylum groups in all soils were Proteobacteria, Acidobacteria, Actinobacteria, Verrucomicrobia, Chloroflexi, Bacteroidetes, Gemmatimonadetes, and Planctomycetes. Significant differences in relative abundance of bacteria phyla were found for Acidobacteria, Actinobacteria, Chloroflexi, Gemmatimonadetes, and Proteobacteria. Correlation analysis showed that Soil pH, TC, TN, AP, and AK were the main abiotic factors structuring the bacterial communities. As revealed by the clear differentiation of bacterial communities and the clustering in the heatmap and in the PCA plots, broadleaf forests and coniferous forests harbored distinct bacterial communities, indicating a significant impact of the respective reforestation pathway on soil bacterial communities in the Baishilazi Nature Reserve.
Aqueous Zn-ion batteries have attracted increasing research interest; however, the development of these batteries has been hindered by several challenges, including dendrite growth, Zn corrosion, ...cathode material degradation, limited temperature adaptability and electrochemical stability window, which are associated with water activity and the solvation structure of electrolytes. Here we report that water activity is suppressed by increasing the electron density of the water protons through interactions with highly polar dimethylacetamide and trimethyl phosphate molecules. Meanwhile, the Zn corrosion in the hybrid electrolyte is mitigated, and the electrochemical stability window and the operating temperature of the electrolyte are extended. The dimethylacetamide alters the surface energy of Zn, guiding the (002) plane dominated deposition of Zn. Molecular dynamics simulation evidences Zn
ions are solvated with fewer water molecules, resulting in lower lattice strain in the NaV
O
·1.5H
O cathode during the insertion of hydrated Zn
ions, boosting the lifespan of Zn|| NaV
O
·1.5H
O cell to 3000 cycles.
Efficient capture of CO2 and its conversion into other high value-added compounds by electrochemical methods is an effective way to reduce excess CO2 in the atmosphere. Porous polymeric materials ...hold great promise for selective adsorption and electrocatalytic reduction of CO2 due to their high specific surface area, tunable porosity, structural diversity, and chemical stability. Here, we review recent research advances in this field, including design of porous organic polymers (POPs), porous coordination polymers (PCPs), covalent organic frameworks (COFs), and functional nitrogen-containing polymers for capture and electrocatalytic reduction of CO2. In addition, key issues and prospects for the optimal design of porous polymers for future development are elucidated. This review is expected to shed new light on the development of advanced porous polymer electrocatalysts for efficient CO2 reduction.
Current studies on trust relationships and their impact on project cooperation efficiency tends to start from a binary perspective of project owners and contractors; however, this viewpoint is ...problematized with the concept of network-level trust. This study attempted to reveal the relationship between trust networks, opportunistic behaviours, and cooperation efficiency among all participants of public-private partnership (PPP) projects and to fill in the research gaps. PLS-SEM was used to analyze 189 valid questionnaires from PPP projects of China urban rail transit. Data analysis found that opportunistic behavior is negatively correlated with project cooperation efficiency, and its moderating effect on the relationship between trust network density and project benefits efficiency is supported by data. Trust network density is positively correlated with cooperation efficiency, and negative correlation with opportunistic behavior is supported by data. There is a positive correlation between trust network centralization and opportunistic behavior, and a negative correlation between trust network centralization and cost efficiency is supported by data. The relationship between network centralization and benefits efficiency has not been supported. These conclusions can help optimize cooperation efficiency from the perspective of stakeholder management and trust networks governance.
and
are recognized as members of the genus
because of their dorsally compressed mericarps with slightly prominent dorsal ribs and narrowly winged lateral ribs. However, these species are not similar ...to other
taxa but resemble
in overall morphology. To check the taxonomic positions of
and
, we sequenced their complete plastid genome (plastome) sequences and, together with eleven previously published
plastomes, performed comprehensively comparative analyses. The thirteen plastomes were highly conserved and similar in structure, size, GC content, gene content and order, IR borders, and the patterns of codon bias, RNA editing, and simple sequence repeats (SSRs). Nevertheless, twelve mutation hotspots (
K,
C,
15,
8,
2,
A-
D,
N-
M,
A-
K,
2-
C2,
4-
T,
H-
A, and
2-
L) were selected. Moreover, both the phylogenetic analyses based on plastomes and on nuclear ribosomal DNA internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequences robustly supported that
and
nested in
, and this was further confirmed by the morphological evidence. Hence, transferring
and
into
genus is reasonable and convincing, and two new combinations are presented.
Purpose
The aim of this study was to thoroughly analyze the clinical characteristics of a large cohort of spinal meningioma (SM) from a single neurological center and identify risk factors associated ...with worse progression free survival and neurological function outcome.
Methods
Clinical information was retrieved from 483 SM and 9806 cranial meningioma cases who were operated in our center between 2003 and 2013. 194 SM patients who were followed at the main branch were used for prognostic analyses that included both recurrence free survival and neurological functions based on Modified McCormick scale (MMS).
Results
Females were predominant (
P
< 0.001). High grade tumors were not common (WHO grade II, 2.9%; grade III, 1.7%), while the clear cell subtype was frequent within grade II SMs (6/14, 42.9%). Macroscopic total resection was achieved in all SMs (Simpson grade I, 30.9%; grade II, 65.5%; grade III, 3.6%) with a low complications rate (4.6%) and provided neurological improvement in 80 patients (41.2%). Recurrence was seen in 9 cases (4.6%) and associated with high WHO grade, male, prior recurrence, and Simpson grade III. High WHO grade and high Ki-67 index were identified to be independent factors predictive of both neurological function deterioration and impaired post-operative neurological status.
Conclusions
Our analysis of the largest SM cohort in scale from a single institution offers a comprehensive view of the clinical characteristics of surgically treated SM, revealing the distinct biology of SM in comparison to its cranial counterparts, and providing guidance to improve surgical management of SM.
Drought is expected to increase in the frequency and duration associated with climate change. Although hydraulic function and carbon (C) storage have been widely recognized as key components to plant ...survival under a single drought, the physiological responses to continuous drought remain largely unknown, particularly for high northern temperate and boreal forests which are sensitive to water stress. In this study, we quantified the survival, growth, gas exchange, water relations, and nonstructural carbohydrates (NSCs) in 3-year-old Jezo spruce (
) seedlings responding to continuous drought stress. Seedlings were maintained in drought conditions for 392 days, covering two growing and one dormant winter season. Seedlings subjected to drought showed a significant decrease in net photosynthesis rate (
) and stomatal conductance (
) in both growing seasons, and biomass in the second growing season. The seedling mortality continuously increased to 35.6% at the experimental end. Notably, responses of C storage and leaf water potential to drought varied greatly depending on seasons. Living seedlings exposed to drought and control treatments had similar NSC concentrations in both growing seasons. However, seedlings with concentrations of both the soluble sugars and starch less than 1% in root died in the winter dormant season. In the second growing season, compared with the control treatment, droughted seedlings had significantly lower leaf water potential and stem wood-specific hydraulic conductivity (
). Meanwhile, the leaf predawn water potential did not recover overnight. These suggest that C starvation might be an important reason for seedlings that died in the winter dormant season, while in the growing season drought may limit seedling survival and growth through inducing hydraulic failure. Such seasonal dependence in hydraulic dysfunction and C depletion may lead to higher mortality in spruce forests facing extended drought duration expected in the future.
Intra-organization and inter-organization collaboration and governance are becoming increasingly important for megaprojects. Different stakeholders form intricate links in a network structure. This ...study explores the role and effect of hybrid governance on complex network projects, such as urban rail transit projects. This included conducting a questionnaire survey with 116 professionals from organizations involved in urban rail transit projects and adopting structural equation modelling to analyze the data. The results analyzed the levels of intra-organization and inter-organization trust under the conditions of power asymmetry and power sharing. A higher level of power asymmetry was associated with lower hybrid governance performance. In contrast, a higher level of power sharing is associated with better hybrid governance performance. The results are generalizable to other projects with complicated organizational and network relationships.
Lithium (Li) metal batteries (LMBs) have received extensive research attention in recent years because of their high energy density. However, uncontrollable Li dendrite growth deteriorates the ...battery life and brings about severe safety hazards. The rational design of battery separators is an effective approach to regulate uniform Li metal deposition towards boosted cycle life and safety of LMBs. Herein, we review the recent research progress concerning this issue, including mechanically strengthened separator fabrication, functional separator construction towards regulated Li ion deposition, and flame-retardant separator design. Moreover, the key issues and prospects of optimal design of separators are clarified for future development. This minireview is expected to bring new insight into developing advanced separators for long-life and safe LMBs.
Changes in soil bacterial communities, which are crucial for the assessment of ecological restoration in Chinese plantations, have never been studied in the "Three North Shelterbelt" project in the ...semi-arid areas. We used high-throughput sequencing of the 16S rDNA gene to investigate the soil bacterial community diversity, structure, and functional characteristics in three plantation forests, including
×
Moench (PC),
var
(PS), and
(PT). In addition
soil environment factors were measured. There were distinct differences in soil characteristics among different plantation forests. Compared to PS and PT, PC had a higher soil pH, dissolved organic carbon (DOC), and available P, as well as a lower C/N ratio. Furthermore, afforestation with different tree species significantly altered the abundance of Proteobacteria, and Chloroflexi in the soil, and its influence on the bacterial diversity indices. The bacterial community compositions and functional groups related to C and N cycling from PS, and PT were grouped tightly, indicating that the soil bacterial phylogenetic distance of PS and PT were closer than that between PS plus PT and PC. Our results implied that the soil characteristics, as well as the diversity, compositions and functions related to C and N cycling of soil bacterial community obviously differed from the following afforestation, especially between PC and PS plus PT, which in turn enormously established the correlation between the soil microbial community characteristics and the afforestation tree species.
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