The front retaining wall (FRW) is an effective facility of selective withdrawal. Previous research has not estimated the effect of FRWs on the thermal regimes of reservoirs and outflow temperature, ...which are crucial to reservoir ecology. For this purpose, taking the Dongqing Reservoir as a case study, a two-dimensional hydrodynamic CE-QUAL-W2 model was configured for the typical channel-type reservoir in the southwestern Guizhou Province, to better understand the influence of FRWs on the thermal structure and outflow temperature. The simulated data from January to September 2017 showed that FRWs can change the vertical temperature distribution during the stratification period, accelerate the upper warmer water release and thus decrease the strength of thermal stratification. The stratification structure changed from a single thermocline to double thermoclines in August. An FRW resulted in an average 11.8 m increase in the thickness of the hypolimnion and a 1.2°C decrease in the thickness of the thermocline layer. An FRW increased the outflow temperature by 0.4°C and raised the withdrawal elevation by 16 m on average. The longitudinal velocity increased compared with the non-FRW condition, while the maximum velocity position moved up. In addition, FRWs can continuously obtain surface warmer water without manual operation and have low investment and good construction conditions. This study can provide an available selective withdrawal idea for reservoirs with similar hydraulic conditions.
Introduction
Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is a chronic progressive inflammatory disease of the spine and its affiliated tissues. AS mainly affects the axial bone, sacroiliac joint, hip joint, spinal ...facet, and adjacent ligaments. We used machine learning (ML) methods to construct diagnostic models based on blood routine examination, liver function test, and kidney function test of patients with AS. This method will help clinicians enhance diagnostic efficiency and allow patients to receive systematic treatment as soon as possible.
Methods
We consecutively screened 348 patients with AS through complete blood routine examination, liver function test, and kidney function test at the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University according to the modified New York criteria (diagnostic criteria for AS). By using random sampling, the patients were randomly divided into training and validation cohorts. The training cohort included 258 patients with AS and 247 patients without AS, and the validation cohort included 90 patients with AS and 113 patients without AS. We used three ML methods (LASSO, random forest, and support vector machine recursive feature elimination) to screen feature variables and then took the intersection to obtain the prediction model. In addition, we used the prediction model on the validation cohort.
Results
Seven factors—erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), red blood cell count (RBC), mean platelet volume (MPV), albumin (ALB), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and creatinine (Cr)—were selected to construct a nomogram diagnostic model through ML. In the training cohort, the
C
value and area under the curve (AUC) value of this nomogram was 0.878 and 0.8779462, respectively. The
C
value and AUC value of the nomogram in the validation cohort was 0.823 and 0.8232055, respectively. Calibration curves in the training and validation cohorts showed satisfactory agreement between nomogram predictions and actual probabilities. The decision curve analysis showed that the nonadherence nomogram was clinically useful when intervention was decided at the nonadherence possibility threshold of 1%.
Conclusion
Our ML model can satisfactorily predict patients with AS. This nomogram can help orthopedic surgeons devise more personalized and rational clinical strategies.
Plain Language Summary
AS is a chronic progressive inflammatory disease of the spine and its affiliated tissues. AS starts gradually, and its early symptoms are mild. Some hospitals lack HLA-B27 and related imaging instruments to assist in the diagnosis of AS. There are relatively few studies on liver function and kidney function of patients with AS. We used ML methods to construct diagnostic models. Our model can satisfactorily predict patients with AS. This diagnostic model can help orthopedic surgeons devise more personalized and rational clinical strategies.
Abstract
We present a study of timing properties of the accreting pulsar 2S 1417-624 observed during its 2018 outburst, based on Swift/BAT, Fermi/GBM, Insight-HXMT and NICER observations. We report a ...dramatic change of the pulse profiles with luminosity. The morphology of the profile in the range 0.2-10.0 keV switches from double to triple peaks at ∼2.5 $\rm \times 10^{37}{\it D}_{10}^2\ erg\ s^{-1}$ and from triple to quadruple peaks at ∼7 $\rm \times 10^{37}{\it D}_{10}^2\ erg\ s^{-1}$. The profile at high energies (25-100 keV) shows significant evolutions as well. We explain this phenomenon according to existing theoretical models. We argue that the first change is related to the transition from the sub to the super-critical accretion regime, while the second to the transition of the accretion disc from the gas-dominated to the radiation pressure-dominated state. Considering the spin-up as well due to the accretion torque, this interpretation allows to estimate the magnetic field self-consistently at ∼7 × 1012 G.
The construction example of algebra system is to verify the existence of a complex algebra system, and it is a NP-hard problem. In this paper, to solve this kind of problems, firstly, a mathematical ...optimization model for construction example of algebra system is established. Secondly, an improved harmony search algorithm based on NGHS algorithm (INGHS) is proposed to find as more solutions as possible for the optimization model; in the proposed INGHS algorithm, to achieve the balance between exploration power and exploitation power in the search process, a global best strategy and parameters dynamic adjustment method are present. Finally, nine construction examples of algebra system are used to evaluate the optimization model and performance of INGHS. The experimental results show that the proposed algorithm has strong performance for solving complex construction example problems of algebra system.
Summary
G‐Protein coupled receptor 40 (GPR40) is a membrane‐bound G‐protein‐coupled receptor with high binding affinity to medium‐ and long‐chain free fatty acids (FFAs). Acute activation of GPR40 on ...pancreatic β‐cells causes insulin secretion, whereas prolonged activation may contribute to a deterioration of the effect of saturated FFAs on β‐cells. It has been documented that different types of FFAs produce various effects on insulin secretion; however, little information is available regarding the expression of GPR40 and its function after long‐term exposure of β‐cells to unsaturated FFAs.
In the present study, GPR40 expression and function were assessed in INS‐1 β‐cells after 48 h exposure to different types of unsaturated FFAs. The mRNA and protein expression of GPR40 was increased significantly by long‐term exposure of cells to polyunsaturated α‐linolenic acid, but not to either oleic acid or linoleic acid. Immunocytochemistry revealed a reduction in the number of insulin‐containing granules in cells treated with α‐linolenic acid, which was correlated with an increase in cellular expression of GPR40. Basal and glucose‐stimulated insulin secretion were markedly suppressed by 48 h treatment of cells with saturated palmitic acid, but not unsaturated α‐linolenic acid. By testing various FFAs, it was found that FFA‐induced suppression of basal and glucose‐stimulated insulin secretion was attenuated by an increase in the degree of unsaturation of the FFAs and GPR40 expression in response to FFA treatment in INS‐1 cells.
The results of the present study indicate that long‐term in vitro treatment of INS‐1 rat pancreatic β‐cells by unsaturated FFAs protects the cells against from gluco‐ and lipotoxicities and that this coincides with an increase in GPR40 expression.
Radiation is of clinical importance during glioma therapy; however, vasculature damage is observed over the treatment course. This type of tissue damage might lead to starvation conditions, affecting ...tumor metastasis. To test this possibility, we compared starvation conditions in conjunction with radiation treatment to monitor metastatic ability in the U251 glioma cell line. Transcriptome, western blot, and immunofluorescence analyses were used to measure the RNA and protein expression changes of the U251 cells after various treatments. We found that starvation combined with radiation treatment yielded the most significant expression changes in metastasis-related factors compared to that in the control groups. In addition, a metastasis assay was used to directly measure the metastatic ability of the treated cells, which confirmed that the U251 cells treated with starvation combined with radiation possessed the highest metastatic ability. Furthermore, bioinformatics analysis demonstrated that SP1 represented a common transcription factor associated with changes in metastasis-related factors. Blocking SP1 activity by an inhibitor suppressed the starvation-plus-radiation treatment-mediated enhancement of U251 cell metastasis. Our study provides the first evidence that starvation caused by radiation might play a significant role in enhancing the ability of the glioma cell line U251 to metastasize via regulation of the transcription factor SP1.
Three kinds of red clay were fractionated according to the particle size using ultrasonic and centrifugal method. The mechanical properties of the clay-rubber composite with various clay fractions ...were determined. At the same time, both the content of the metal components in the clay and the affect to the aging properties were determined. The result shows that within a certain range, the clay particle size only affects some of the mechanical properties of clay-rubber composite. The characteristic morphological structure of the clay provides a significant reinforcing action on clay-rubber composite. We speculate that mechanism of the reinforcement of clay on rubber is that the clay forms a rigid or semi-rigid chain aggregation structure in rubber.
Dysfunction of monoacylglycerol lipase (MAGL) is associated with several psychopathological disorders, including drug addiction and neurodegenerative diseases. Herein we design, synthesize, and ...evaluate several irreversible fluorine-containing MAGL inhibitors for positron emission tomography (PET) ligand development. Compound
(identified from a therapeutic agent) was advanced for
F-labeling via a novel spirocyclic iodonium ylide (SCIDY) strategy, which demonstrated high brain permeability and excellent specific binding. This work supports further development of novel
F-labeled MAGL PET probes.
This article presents an analysis of the spatial-temporal effect of multi-level stoplog gate intake adopted at Jinping I hydropower station, which is to reduce the adverse impacts on fish breeding ...caused by cold water discharged from the station in spring and summer. A mathematical model is applied to predict the temperature distribution in reservoir and outflow temperature process of the downstream of Jinping I station with two different types of intake—low level single intake and multi-level stoplog gate intake. For a single station, the latter shows great improvement over the former on temperature distortion (suitable for fish breeding). In order to evaluate the cumulative effect for different intake types, the analysis is extended to include the next four hydropower stations downstream. The results show that the outflow temperature of stoplog intake is more close to the nature condition comparing with the low level intake for the Jinping I hydropower station. Especially the side effect of cold water in April during temperature raising period can be well improved, but no obvious effect in winter. Jinping I hydropower station has dominated influence on temperature process at lower reach of Yalong River. Influenced by the downstream hydropower station cascade, cold temperature effect in spring and summer seems to be cumulatively enhanced, but the heating effect turns weakened during winter. The analysis suggests the improving effect of stoplog intake can maintain 80% at estuary in April, which clearly shows that stratified intake scheme used in control station can mitigate the cold temperature effect in spring and summer for the whole river basin.
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