Soil salinity seriously restricts rice growth, development, and production globally. Chlorophyll fluorescence and ion content reflect the level of injury and resistance of rice under salt stress. To ...understand the differences in the response mechanisms of
rice with varying degrees of salt tolerance, we analyzed the chlorophyll fluorescence characteristics and ion homeostasis of 12
rice germplasm accessions by comprehensive evaluation of phenotype, haplotype, and expression of salt tolerance-related genes. The results revealed that salt-sensitive accessions were rapidly affected by the damage due to salinity. Salt tolerance score (STS) and relative chlorophyll relative content (RSPAD) were extremely significantly reduced (p<0.01), and chlorophyll fluorescence and ion homeostasis were influenced by various degrees under salt stress. The STS, RSPAD, and five chlorophyll fluorescence parameters of salt-tolerant accessions (STA) were significantly higher than that of salt-sensitive accessions (SSA). Principal component analysis (PCA) with 13 indices suggested three principal components (PCs), with a cumulative contribution rate of 90.254%, which were used to screen Huangluo (typical salt-tolerant germplasm) and Shanfuliya (typical salt-sensitive germplasm) based on the comprehensive evaluation
-value (
). The expression characteristics of chlorophyll fluorescence genes (
and
) and ion transporter protein genes (
,
,
,
,
, and
) were analyzed. The expressions of these genes were higher in Huangluo than in Shanfuliya under salt stress. Haplotype analysis revealed four key variations associated with salt tolerance, including an SNP (+1605 bp) within
exon, an SSR (-1231 bp) within
promoter, an indel site at
promoter (-822 bp), and an SNP (-1866 bp) within
promoter. Variation in OsABCI7 protein structure and differential expression of these three ion-transporter genes may contribute to the differential response of
rice to salt stress.
Objectif Valider le modele de prevision hors laboratoire des risques de maladies cardiovasculaires de l'Organisation mondiale de la Santé (OMS) dans plusieurs regions de Chine. Méthodes Nous avons ...effectué une validation externe du modele de l'OMS pour l'Asie orientale en nous fondant sur l'ensemble de données de la China Kadoorie Biobank, une étude de cohorte en cours qui compte 512 725 participants recrutés dans dix régions de Chine entre 2004 et 2008. Nous avons également recalculé les parametres de recalibrage du modele de l'OMS dans chaque région, et mesuré les performances prévisionnelles de ce dernier avant et apres recalibrage. Enfin, nous avons évalué ses capacités de discrimination selon l'index C de Harrell. Résultats Nous avons inclus 412 225 participants ågés de 40 a 79 ans. Sur un suivi médian de 11 ans, 58 035 cas de maladies cardiovasculaires ont été enregistrés chez les femmes et 41 262 chez les hommes. Le modele de l'OMS affichait un index C de Harrell de 0,682 pour les femmes et de 0,700 pour les hommes, mais variait d'une région a l'autre. En outre, il sous-estimait les risques de maladies cardiovasculaires sur dix ans dans la plupart des régions. Un recalibrage pour chacune d'elles a permis d'optimiser la discrimination et le calibrage pour la population dans son ensemble. Lindex C de Harrell est passé de 0,674 a 0,749 pour les femmes et de 0,698 a 0,753 pour les hommes. Le ratio entre cas prévus et cas observés avant et apres recalibrage s'élevait a 0,189 et 1,027 chez les femmes, contre 0,543 et 1,089 chez les hommes. Conclusion Le modele de l'OMS pour l'Asie orientale a révélé des taux de discrimination modérés en termes de maladies cardiovasculaires au sein de la population chinoise, et ses performances prévisionnelles en la matiere sont limitées dans diverses régions du pays. Un recalibrage en fonction des régions a permis d'améliorer considérablement la discrimination et le calibrage pour la population générale.
The association of incident cardiometabolic multimorbidity (CMM) with mortality risk is rarely studied, and neither are the durations of cardiometabolic diseases (CMDs). Whether the association ...patterns of CMD durations with mortality change as individuals progress from one CMD to CMM is unclear.
Data from China Kadoorie Biobank of 512,720 participants aged 30-79 was used. CMM was defined as the simultaneous presence of two or more CMDs of interest, including diabetes, ischemic heart disease, and stroke. Cox regression was used to estimate the hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the duration-dependent associations of CMDs and CMM with all-cause and cause-specific mortality. All information on exposures of interest was updated during follow-up.
During a median follow-up of 12.1 years, 99,770 participants experienced at least one incident CMD, and 56,549 deaths were documented. Among 463,178 participants free of three CMDs at baseline, compared with no CMD during follow-up, the adjusted HRs (95% CIs) between CMM and all-cause mortality, mortality from circulatory system diseases, respiratory system diseases, cancer, and other causes were 2.93 (2.80-3.07), 5.05 (4.74-5.37), 2.72 (2.35-3.14), 1.30 (1.16-1.45), and 2.30 (2.02-2.61), respectively. All CMDs exhibited a high mortality risk in the first year of diagnosis. Subsequently, with prolonged disease duration, mortality risk increased for diabetes, decreased for IHD, and sustained at a high level for stroke. With the presence of CMM, the above association estimates inflated, but the pattern of which remained.
Among Chinese adults, mortality risk increased with the number of the CMDs and changed with prolonged disease duration, the patterns of which varied among the three CMDs.
Associations of circulating metabolic biomarkers with type 2 diabetes (T2D) and their added value for risk prediction are uncertain among Chinese adults. A case-cohort study included 882 T2D cases ...diagnosed during 8-years' follow-up and a subcohort of 789 participants. NMR-metabolomic profiling quantified 225 plasma biomarkers in stored samples taken at recruitment into the study. Cox regression yielded adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) for T2D associated with individual biomarkers, with a set of biomarkers incorporated into an established T2D risk prediction model to assess improvement in discriminatory ability. Mean baseline BMI (SD) was higher in T2D cases than in the subcohort (25.7 3.6 vs. 23.9 3.6 kg/m
). Overall, 163 biomarkers were significantly and independently associated with T2D at false discovery rate (FDR) controlled p < 0.05, and 138 at FDR-controlled p < 0.01. Branched chain amino acids (BCAA), apolipoprotein B/apolipoprotein A1, triglycerides in VLDL and medium and small HDL particles, and VLDL particle size were strongly positively associated with T2D (HRs 1.74-2.36 per 1 SD, p < 0.001). HDL particle size, cholesterol concentration in larger HDL particles and docosahexaenoic acid levels were strongly inversely associated with T2D (HRs 0.43-0.48, p < 0.001). With additional adjustment for plasma glucose, most associations (n = 147 and n = 129 at p < 0.05 and p < 0.01, respectively) remained significant. HRs appeared more extreme among more centrally adipose participants for apolipoprotein B/apolipoprotein A1, BCAA, HDL particle size and docosahexaenoic acid (p for heterogeneity ≤ 0.05). Addition of 31 selected biomarkers to an established T2D risk prediction model modestly, but significantly, improved risk discrimination (c-statistic 0.86 to 0.91, p < 0.001). In relatively lean Chinese adults, diverse metabolic biomarkers are associated with future risk of T2D and can help improve established risk prediction models.
Existing literature on the association between the frequency of muscle-strengthening exercise (MSE) and depression among adolescents is limited and contradictory.
This study aimed to elucidate the ...association of MSE frequency with depression symptoms among middle and high school students in China.
A total of 27,070 students in grades 7-12 from 376 middle and high schools were surveyed using an anonymous self-administered questionnaire between April and June 2022. Information on engaging in MSE was self-reported, and depression symptoms were assessed using the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9). Poisson regression was used to examine the association between MSE frequency and depression symptoms.
Among the 27,006 eligible students, 51.6% (n=13,933) were boys, and the mean age was 15.6 (SD 1.7) years. The overall prevalence of meeting MSE recommendations (ie, engaging in MSE ≥3 days/week) was 34.6% (95% CI 32.6%-36.6%; n=9145); the prevalence was higher in boys (43.8%, 95% CI 41.8%-45.8%; 6067/13,933) than in girls (24.3%, 95% CI 22%-26.6%; 3078/13,073; P<.001). A total of 5882 (21.8%) students reported having depression symptoms. After adjustment for sociodemographic status, lifestyle factors, academic performance, and experience of physical fighting, compared to students who did not engage in MSE, the prevalence ratios (PRs) for depression symptoms were 0.98 (95% CI 0.97-0.99) for those engaging in MSE once a week, 0.95 (95% CI 0.93-0.97) for 2 days/week, 0.93 (95% CI 0.90-0.96) for 3 days/week, 0.90 (95% CI 0.87-0.94) for 4 days/week, 0.88 (95% CI 0.84-0.93) for 5 days/week, 0.86 (95% CI 0.81-0.92) for 6 days/week, and 0.84 (95% CI 0.78-0.90) for 7 days/week, respectively.
The overall prevalence of meeting MSE recommendations among Chinese adolescents is low. The frequency of MSE was inversely associated with depression symptoms.
The effect of the overall diet quality on cardiometabolic diseases has been well studied in the Western population. However, evidence is still in need regarding dietary patterns depicting unique ...Chinese dietary habits and their associations with cardiometabolic diseases.
A prospective cohort recruited around 0.5 million Chinese residents aged 30-79 years from 10 diverse survey sites during 2004-08. Dietary patterns were obtained using factor analysis based on the habitual consumption of 12 food groups collected at baseline. Among 477,465 eligible participants free of prior heart disease, stroke and cancer, linkages to multiple registries and health insurance database recorded 137,715 cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and 17,412 diabetes cases (among 451,846 non-diabetic participants) until 31 December 2017. Adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) were estimated to compare the risks of cardiometabolic diseases across quintiles of dietary pattern scores using the Cox regression.
Two dietary patterns were derived: the traditional northern pattern, characterised by wheat, other staples, egg and dairy products; and the modern pattern, featured with fresh fruit, meat, poultry, fish, dairy products and soybean. Adherence to either dietary pattern was associated with lower risks of major cardiometabolic diseases in a dose-response relationship way. After multivariate adjustment, participants adhering to the traditional northern pattern the most had an 8% (95%CI: 5-11%) lower risk of CVD in comparison with those adhering the least. Corresponding risk reductions were 12% (11-32%) for haemorrhagic stroke (HS), 14% (8-19%) for ischaemic stroke (IS), and 15% (6-24%) for diabetes, respectively. When comparing extreme quintiles of the modern pattern, the adjusted HR of HS was 0.67 (95%CI: 0.59-0.77). Corresponding HRs were 0.89 (0.86-0.92) for CVD, 0.88 (0.77-0.99) for MCE, 0.85 (0.80-0.89) for IS, and 0.89 (0.81, 0.97) for diabetes.
Among Chinese adults, both traditional northern and modern dietary patterns were associated with lower risks of cardiovascular disease and diabetes beyond other risk factors.
In many Western populations, blood pressure varies moderately with season and outdoor temperature. Relatively little is known about effects of seasonal changes in blood pressure on the detection and ...control of hypertension in general populations, especially in low- and middle-income countries.
We analysed cross-sectional data of 57 375 (42% men) participants aged 30-79 (mean 52.3) years who were enrolled during 2004-08, as part of the China Kadoorie Biobank, from a rural county in the south-east costal Zhejiang Province. Analyses related daily mean outdoor temperature, obtained from local Meteorological Bureau, to mean systolic (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP), rate of newly detected hypertension and, among those with self-reported physician-diagnosed hypertension, rate of adequate blood pressure control, using multiple linear and logistic regression models.
The overall mean blood pressure was 135.9 mmHg for SBP and 80.5 mmHg for DBP. Daily outdoor temperature ranged between -2.9 and 33.7°C, with July being the hottest month (mean 29.4°C) and January the coldest (mean 4.0°C). Comparing January (the coldest month) with July (the warmest), the differences in the adjusted SBP/DBP were 19.2/7.7 mmHg. Each 10°C lower ambient temperature was associated with 6.9/2.9 mmHg higher SBP/DBP,14.1% higher prevalence of newly detected hypertension and, among those with pre-diagnosed hypertension, 13.0% lower hypertension control rate.
In rural China, lower outdoor temperature is strongly associated with higher mean blood pressure and hypertension prevalence as well as poorer hypertension control, and should be considered when conducting population-based hypertension surveys and providing treatment for hypertensive patients.
Limited evidence exists for the association between diet pattern and obesity phenotypes among Chinese adults. In the present study, we analyzed the cross-sectional data from 474,192 adults aged 30-79 ...years from the China Kadoorie Biobank baseline survey. Food consumption was collected by an interviewer-administered questionnaire. Three dietary patterns were extracted by factor analysis combined with cluster analysis. After being adjusted for potential confounders, individuals following a traditional southern dietary pattern had the lowest body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC); the Western/new affluence dietary pattern had the highest BMI; and the traditional northern dietary pattern had the highest WC. Compared to the traditional southern dietary pattern in multivariable adjusted logistic models, individuals following a Western/new affluence dietary pattern had a significantly increased risk of general obesity (prevalence ratio (PR): 1.06, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.03-1.08) and central obesity (PR: 1.07, 95% CI: 1.06-1.08). The corresponding risks for the traditional northern dietary pattern were 1.05 (1.02-1.09) and 1.17 (1.25-1.18), respectively. In addition, the associations were modified by lifestyle behaviors, and the combined effects with alcohol drinking, tobacco smoking, and physical activity were analyzed. Further prospective studies are needed to elucidate the diet-obesity relationships.
Limited attention has been paid to the effect of dietary patterns on sleep problems. In the present study, we analyzed the cross-sectional data of 481,242 adults aged 30-79 years from the China ...Kadoorie Biobank. A laptop-based questionnaire was administered to collect information on food intakes and insomnia symptoms. Logistic regression was used to estimate the odds ratios of each insomnia symptom according to quartiles of each dietary pattern, with adjustment for potential confounders. Two major dietary patterns were derived by factor analysis. The traditional northern dietary pattern was characterized by high intakes of wheat and other staple food, whereas the modern dietary pattern was characterized by high intakes of meat, poultry, fish, eggs, fresh fruit, and dairy products. Both dietary patterns were associated with a decreased prevalence of insomnia symptoms (
for trend < 0.001); after adjustment for potential confounders, individuals who had the highest quartile score of traditional northern dietary pattern were 12%-19% less likely to have insomnia symptoms compared to those in the lowest quartile (odds ratio: 0.81-0.88), and the corresponding values for the modern dietary pattern were 0.89-1.01. Furthermore, interactions of these two dietary patterns on insomnia symptoms were observed. Further prospective studies are needed to elucidate the relationship between diet and insomnia.
Aims/hypothesis
Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have discovered many risk variants for type 2 diabetes. However, estimates of the contributions of risk variants to type 2 diabetes ...predisposition are often based on highly selected case–control samples, and reliable estimates of population-level effect sizes are missing, especially in non-European populations.
Methods
The individual and cumulative effects of 59 established type 2 diabetes risk loci were measured in a population-based China Kadoorie Biobank (CKB) study of 93,000 Chinese adults, including >7,100 diabetes cases.
Results
Association signals were directionally consistent between CKB and the original discovery GWAS: of 56 variants passing quality control, 48 showed the same direction of effect (binomial test,
p
= 2.3 × 10
−8
). We observed a consistent overall trend towards lower risk variant effect sizes in CKB than in case–control samples of GWAS meta-analyses (mean 19–22% decrease in log odds,
p
≤ 0.0048), likely to reflect correction of both ‘winner’s curse’ and spectrum bias effects. The association with risk of diabetes of a genetic risk score, based on lead variants at 25 loci considered to act through beta cell function, demonstrated significant interactions with several measures of adiposity (BMI, waist circumference WC, WHR and percentage body fat PBF; all
p
interaction
< 1 × 10
−4
), with a greater effect being observed in leaner adults.
Conclusions/interpretation
Our study provides further evidence of shared genetic architecture for type 2 diabetes between Europeans and East Asians. It also indicates that even very large GWAS meta-analyses may be vulnerable to substantial inflation of effect size estimates, compared with those observed in large-scale population-based cohort studies.
Access to research materials
Details of how to access China Kadoorie Biobank data and details of the data release schedule are available from
www.ckbiobank.org/site/Data+Access
.
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