Matematički elementi karata, uz metode prikazivanja sadržaja kartografskim simbolima i kriterije kartografske generalizacije, najvažniji su elementi suvremenih tlocrtnih karata. Istodobno, kod karata ...za orijentacijsko trčanje i druge oblike sportske orijentacije, koje su međunarodno najunificiranije karte u svijetu, matematička podloga nije detaljno definirana. U radu opisujemo pozadinu i razloge očigledne ograničene značajnosti matematičkih sadržaja u orijentacijskim kartama, a na primjeru analize odabranih karata Hrvatske i Slovenije utvrđujemo u kojem su razdoblju i u kojoj mjeri matematički elementi bili prisutni na tim kartama.
Unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) photogrammetry is one of the most effective methods for capturing a terrain in smaller areas. Capturing a steep terrain is more complex than capturing a flat terrain. To ...fly a mission in steep rugged terrain, a ground control station with a terrain following mode is required, and a quality digital elevation model (DEM) of the terrain is needed. The methods and results of capturing such terrain were analyzed as part of the Belca rockfall surveys. In addition to the national digital terrain model (NDTM), two customized DEMs were developed to optimize the photogrammetric survey of the steep terrain with oblique images. Flight heights and slant distances between camera projection centers and terrain are analyzed in the article. Some issues were identified and discussed, namely the vertical images in steep slopes and the steady decrease of UAV heights above ground level (AGL) with the increase of height above take-off (ATO) at 6%-8% rate. To compensate for the latter issue, the custom DEMs and NDTM were tilted. Based on our experience, the proposed optimal method for capturing the steep terrain is a combination of vertical and oblique UAV images.
Extreme events such as flash floods and debris flows are frequent phenomena that occur in steep torrential catchments; these kinds of events can cause notable geomorphic changes. Repeated terrestrial ...laser scanning (TLS) surveys were performed in a steep forested catchment of the Kuzlovec torrent (drainage area ~0.7km2) in central Slovenia, where a ~200-m long section of the torrent was scanned in 2013, 2014, and 2015. The main aim of this study was to perform the geomorphic response detection in the torrent due to hydro-meteorological events of different magnitudes. After applying several pre-processing steps, digital terrain models (DTMs) with a cell resolution of 5cm were produced. The geomorphic change detection was performed using the DTM of Difference approach (DoD). Several above-average flow events occurred in the period from 2013 to 2015 (some of them can be regarded as floods). The 2014 August extreme flash flood that was initiated by the rainfall event with a return period exceeding 100years, where maximum 1-minute rainfall intensities were up to 288mm/h, led to erosion rates of an order of magnitude higher than average annual erosion rates. Moreover, the analysis of the geomorphic changes shows that the August 2014 flash flood caused intense sediment transport processes that resulted in the changes at the location of the main stream channel thalweg and reduced channel roughness. The unit stream power for the scanned section of the torrent was assessed to be approximately 500W/m2 during this extreme event. This is above the thresholds that were suggested to differentiate between the situations where significant geomorphic changes can occur and the situations where geomorphic changes are not notable.
•Repeated TLS surveys were performed to detect geomorphic changes.•The flash flood changed the geomorphic characteristics of the torrent channel.•Erosion rates due to the flash flood event were much higher than average annual rates.•High spatial resolution data are a useful tool to detect changes in steep forested torrents.
PESTRO LETO Petrovič, Dušan
Geodetski vestnik,
03/2024, Volume:
68, Issue:
1
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
Open access
After being withdrawn from Bogensperk Castle, where it had been displayed as a permanent collection, it has been turned into a touring exhibition and is shown in various locations throughout ...Slovenia. Spatial data is essential for the functioning of society, and 2024 brings some significant innovations in this field. A decade has passed since the first laser scanning of Slovenia, which was a pioneering effort, especially regarding the free availability of data, and enabled many researchers worldwide to learn from our data.
...people tend to move to more attractive environments, where they also deal with geoinformatics; some start working abroad, where their knowledge and expertise are properly appreciated; others even ...went to completely different areas, where they take on different challenges. ...the population of Slovenia remains more or less stable, admittedly also due to immigration, which is otherwise much frowned upon by society. ...the population is rapidly ageing, and young people, who are fewer and fewer, are drastically changing their lifestyles and goals. ...it is clear that there are increasingly fewer young people who could potentially choose to study in different fields and later enter the labour market. Climate change, combined with poor working and living conditions, has driven people to leave their homes and risk everything just to be able to reach the regions with high rates of population decline.
Creating digital models of important cultural heritage objects for documentation or reconstruction purposes is usually challenging: the object can be a complex building, may be placed on remote ...areas, entirely or partly difficult to access, survey has to be done in different conditions, etc.; however, final resulting models should provide adequate geometrical accuracy and completeness. Using a combination of different technologies and methods, where accuracy estimation of each methodology and often also an establishment of basic geodetic network are fundamental for ensuring the geometrically accurate final product (model), we can create three-dimensional (3D) models for documentation, inspection, maintenance and restoration purposes. Attractive 3D augmented reality (AR) and other presentations can be created, too. These outputs can be used by authorities, maintainers, conservators, investors and also public communities. Procedures and results are presented in selected cultural heritage objects in Slovenia: Chapel on Krvavec, Smlednik castle, Brestanica castle and Ljubljana castle.
Mathematical elements of maps, in addition to the methods of presenting content with cartographic symbols and the criteria of cartographic generalization, are the most important elements of modern ...ground plan view maps. At the same time, on maps for orienteering disciplines, which are the most internationally unified maps in the world, the mathematical basis is not defined in very detailed specifications. In this paper, we describe the background and reasons for the apparent insignificance of mathematical content in orienteering maps, and on the example of the analysis of selected maps of Croatia and Slovenia, we determine in which period and to what extent mathematical elements were present on the maps.
Matematički elementi karata, uz metode prikazivanja sadržaja kartografskim simbolima i kriterije kartografske generalizacije, najvažniji su elementi suvremenih tlocrtnih karata. Istodobno, kod karata za orijentacijsko trčanje i druge oblike sportske orijentacije, koje su međunarodno najunificiranije karte u svijetu, matematička podloga nije detaljno definirana. U radu opisujemo pozadinu i razloge očigledne ograničene značajnosti matematičkih sadržaja u orijentacijskim kartama, a na primjeru analize odabranih karata Hrvatske i Slovenije utvrđujemo u kojem su razdoblju i u kojoj mjeri matematički elementi bili prisutni na tim kartama.
ZAMIK Z RAZLOGOM Petrovič, Dušan
Geodetski vestnik,
09/2022, Volume:
66, Issue:
3
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
Open access
Remote sensing images have been an essential spatial data source for decades; their application in the mapping of water resources in connection with new technologies of machine learning was studied ...by another group of authors. The authors attempted to compute its content for a chosen area from the global climate model. Spatial statistics, meaning the use of statistical and non-statistical methods clustered in groups, enabled the authors of the fifth contribution to identify potential accident hotspots, while the last paper compares the quasigeoid surface model of a chosen area with the data of three Global Geopotential Models.
Conformational dynamics and enzyme evolution Petrović, Dušan; Risso, Valeria A; Kamerlin, Shina Caroline Lynn ...
Journal of the Royal Society interface,
07/2018, Volume:
15, Issue:
144
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
Open access
Enzymes are dynamic entities, and their dynamic properties are clearly linked to their biological function. It follows that dynamics ought to play an essential role in enzyme evolution. Indeed, a ...link between conformational diversity and the emergence of new enzyme functionalities has been recognized for many years. However, it is only recently that state-of-the-art computational and experimental approaches are revealing the crucial molecular details of this link. Specifically, evolutionary trajectories leading to functional optimization for a given host environment or to the emergence of a new function typically involve enriching catalytically competent conformations and/or the freezing out of non-competent conformations of an enzyme. In some cases, these evolutionary changes are achieved through distant mutations that shift the protein ensemble towards productive conformations. Multifunctional intermediates in evolutionary trajectories are probably multi-conformational, i.e. able to switch between different overall conformations, each competent for a given function. Conformational diversity can assist the emergence of a completely new active site through a single mutation by facilitating transition-state binding. We propose that this mechanism may have played a role in the emergence of enzymes at the primordial, progenote stage, where it was plausibly promoted by high environmental temperatures and the possibility of additional phenotypic mutations.
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