Abstract
Velocity measurements in turbulent superfluid helium between
co-rotating
propellers are reported. The parameters are chosen such that the flow is fully turbulent, and its dissipative scales ...are partly resolved by the velocity sensors. This allows for the first experimental comparison of spectra in quantum
versus
classical turbulence where dissipative scales are resolved. In some specific conditions, differences are observed, with an excess of energy at small scales in the quantum case compared to the classical one. This difference is consistent with the prediction of a pileup of superfluid kinetic energy at the bottom of the inertial cascade of turbulence due to a specific dissipation mechanism.
Abstract
Aims
The aim of this study was to identify determinants of in-hospital and mid-term outcomes after isolated tricuspid valve surgery (ITVS) and more specifically the impact of tricuspid ...regurgitation (TR) mechanism and clinical presentation.
Methods and results
Among 5661 consecutive adult patients who underwent a tricuspid valve (TV) surgery at 12 French tertiary centres in 2007–2017 collected from a mandatory administrative database, we identified 466 patients (8% of all tricuspid surgeries) who underwent an ITVS. Most patients presented with advanced disease 47% in New York Heart Association (NYHA) III/IV, 57% with right-sided heart failure (HF) signs. Tricuspid regurgitation was functional in 49% (22% with prior left-sided heart valve surgery and 27% isolated) and organic in 51% (infective endocarditis in 31% and other causes in 20%). In-hospital mortality and major complications rates were 10% and 31%, respectively. Rates of survival and survival free of HF readmission were 75% and 62% at 5 years. Patients with functional TR incurred a worse in-hospital mortality than those with organic TR (14% vs. 6%, P = 0.004), but presentation was more severe. Independent determinants of outcomes were NYHA Class III/IV odd ratios (OR) = 2.7 (1.2–6.1), P = 0.01, moderate/severe right ventricular dysfunction OR = 2.6 (1.2–5.8), P = 0.02, lower prothrombin time OR = 0.98 (0.96–0.99), P = 0.008, and with borderline statistical significance, right-sided HF signs OR = 2.4 (0.9–6.5), P = 0.06 while TR mechanism was not OR = 0.7 (0.3–1.8), P = 0.88.
Conclusion
Isolated TV surgery was associated with high mortality and morbidity, both in hospital and during follow-up, predicted by the severity of the presentation but not by TR mechanism. Our results suggest that TV intervention should be performed earlier in the course of the disease.
Graphical Abstract
Adequate nitrogen (N) fertilisation is an important component of sustainable management in agricultural systems because it reduces the environmental impacts of agriculture. However, taking into ...account the varied sources of soil N remains a challenge, and farmers require robust decision-making tools to manage increasingly diverse growing conditions. To address these issues, we present the AzoFert® decision support system for farmers and extension services. This tool is capable of providing N recommendations at the field scale for 40 main field crops. It is based on a full inorganic N balance sheet and integrates the dynamic modelling of N supply from soil and various organic sources. Because of the choice of formalisms and parameters and the structure and modularity of the computer design, the tool is easily adaptable to new crops and cropping systems. We illustrate the application of Azofert® through a range of N fertilisation experiments conducted on cereals, sugar beet and vegetables in France.
Sediment cores were collected at the outlet of the highly anthropogenized catchment of the Seine River at two contrasting sites: a flood plain of the lower Seine River and a quasi-permanently ...submerged harbour basin (or wet dock) in the upper tidal estuary.
Analyses of artificial radionuclides (137Cs and plutonium isotopes), coupled with hydrological and bathymetric data, lead to a precise dating of the sediment cores collected at the two sites.
137Cs signals originating from global fallout (early 1960s) and from the Chernobyl accident (1986) are identified, but at different levels due to the incomplete nature or variable continuity of the records. Anomalous 238Pu concentrations found at both sites (1–2 Bq kg−1) are attributed to unknown industrial releases originating from upstream. Interpolating 137Cs sediment activities under the assumption of a constant sediment rate, those releases were dated back to 1975 ±1, thus providing a local but reliable time-marker.
Age models have highlighted a very contrasting sediment filling dynamics in these two sites. This study presents the first sediment record of alpha- and gamma-emitting artificial radionuclides obtained at the outlet of the huge catchment area of the River Seine, over a period covering the last 50 years.
•The sediment dynamics is studied at two contrasting sites in the Seine River.•137Cs, 238Pu an 239,240Pu profiles are provided and used as time markers.•Radionuclide and hydrodynamics data are combined to build up accurate age models.•It is the first step for a reconstruction of the Seine River contamination history.
PDF
