The Vietnamese Mekong Delta (VMD) is one of the most examined deltas in the world given its dynamics, complexity, and vulnerability. In the past decades, the VMD has changed rapidly, especially the ...land use in relation with the socioeconomic development. National policy has profoundly influenced these changes and the changes have significantly affected local livelihoods. However, these changes are not well reported systematically. In this study, we investigate land‐use changes based on institutional analyses across multiple scales, that is, from national, provincial, to local livelihood based on institutional and sustainability analysis. The results show a strong relationship between legal settings over the last 30 years on land use and livelihood transitions. In addition, the constraints of implementing national legal frameworks at provincial level in practice were identified including effects to local livelihoods. We offer some recommendations for sustainable livelihoods in the VMD, with a focus on increasing socioecological resilience.
Flavonoids and stilbenoids, crucial secondary metabolites abundant in plants and fungi, display diverse biological and pharmaceutical activities, including potent antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and ...antimicrobial effects. However, conventional production methods, such as chemical synthesis and plant extraction, face challenges in sustainability and yield. Hence, there is a notable shift towards biological production using microorganisms like
and yeast. Yet, the drawbacks of using
and yeast as hosts for these compounds persist. For instance, yeast's complex glycosylation profile can lead to intricate protein production scenarios, including hyperglycosylation issues. Consequently,
emerges as a promising alternative, given its adaptability and recent advances in metabolic engineering. Although extensively used in biotechnological applications, the potential production of flavonoid and stilbenoid in engineered
remains largely untapped compared to
. This review explores the potential of metabolic engineering in
for biosynthesis, highlighting its versatility as a cell factory and assessing optimization strategies for these pathways. Additionally, various metabolic engineering methods, including genomic editing and biosensors, and cofactor regeneration are evaluated, with a focus on
Through comprehensive discussion, the review offers insights into future perspectives in production, aiding researchers and industry professionals in the field.
In the current work, small hollow Au nanoparticles (
d
16 nm) with excellent thermal stability and high photo-thermal conversion efficiency, which have great potential for use in photo-thermal cancer ...therapy, were prepared through galvanic replacement reaction between Ag nano-templates and gold salt. The position of surface plasmon resonance (SPR) bands for these nanoparticles could be tuned by varying the amount of gold salt. The hydrophobic hollow nanostructures were made water-dispersible by being encapsulated with poly(maleic anhydride-
alt
-1-octadecene) - PMAO. The obtained nanostructures were stable in an aqueous solution of NaCl with concentration up to 280 mM. The hollow gold nanoparticles (HGNPs) were then heated using an 808 nm laser at different power densities, the obtained data showed that they are highly photo-thermal stable under a high power density laser up to 1.6 W cm
−2
after three circles of irradiation at 20 min per circle (20 min continuous irradiation for each circle). The facile synthesis of small size HGNPs with a plasmon peak in the near infrared range, colloidal and photo-thermal stability, and high capacity of conversion of photon energy into heat makes them a promising material for photo-thermal and imaging applications.
Hollow Au nanoparticles (
d
16 nm) with excellent thermal stability and high photothermal conversion efficiency, which have great potential for use in photo-thermal cancer therapy, were prepared through galvanic replacement reaction between Ag nano-templates and gold salt.
The chemical investigation of the EtOAc extract of Lobaria orientalis collected in the southwestern part of Central Vietnam led to the isolation of new β-orcinol depsidones, lobarientalones A and B ...(1 and 2), and diphenyl ethers, lobariethers A–E (3–7). These types of structures are often reported in different lichen species, but the absolute configuration of the stereogenic acetal center has not been defined. This is the first assessment of the (1S) absolute configuration of the stereogenic acetal center using electronic circular dichroism (ECD) spectroscopic data and by comparison with the ECD data of analogous compounds. Based on the co-occurrence of the depsidones, 1,10-di-O-methylstictic acid (8) and (1–2), and diphenyl ethers (3–7), a plausible biosynthesis route toward 1–8 is proposed.
Transient receptor potential vanilloid subfamily member 3 (TRPV3) is a temperature-sensitive cation channel. Previous cryo-EM analyses of TRPV3 in detergent micelles or amphipol proposed that the ...lower gate opens by α-to-π helical transitions of the nearby S6 helix. However, it remains unclear how physiological lipids are involved in the TRPV3 activation. Here we determined the apo state structure of mouse (Mus musculus) TRPV3 in a lipid nanodisc at 3.3 Å resolution. The structure revealed that lipids bound to the pore domain stabilize the selectivity filter in the narrow state, suggesting that the selectivity filter of TRPV3 affects cation permeation. When the lower gate is closed in nanodisc-reconstituted TRPV3, the S6 helix adopts the π-helical conformation without agonist- or heat-sensitization, potentially stabilized by putative intra-subunit hydrogen bonds and lipid binding. Our findings provide insights into the lipid-associated gating mechanism of TRPV3.
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Recently, the waste agricultural materials have been widely considerable for green synthesis of noble metallic nanoparticles (MNPs) due to cost efficiency and environmental ...protection. This study has presented a simple method for the preparation of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) and gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) utilizing aqueous extract of waste Passiflora edulis peel (PEP) as reducing and stabilizing agents. The formation of MNPs was optimized reaction conditions to obtain the best colloidal solutions. The characterizations of the biosynthesized MNPs were performed by analysis techniques such as Fourier transmission infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), selected area electron diffraction (SAED). The TEM data confirmed PEP-AgNPs and PEP-AuNPs in the spherical shape with mean size of 25 nm and 7 nm, respectively. The XRD and SAED patterns showed the synthesized nanoparticles existing in crystalline nature. Antibacterial and catalytic activities have been investigated for their applications. The PEP-AgNPs exhibited a strong antibacterial activity against three strains including Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis, and Staphylococcus aureus. The excellently catalytic activity of both the biosynthesized nanoparticles has been demonstrated for reduction of nitrophenols and degradation of toxic organic dyes via study on their kinetics.
Summary
What is known and objective
Despite the numerous studies investigating drug‐induced Stevens‐Johnson syndrome/toxic epidermal necrolysis (SJS/TEN), the understanding and quantitative data in ...developing countries remain limited. The study aimed to describe and quantify the drug‐related risk of SJS/TEN in a resource‐limited context using the Vietnamese spontaneous reporting database (VSRD) of adverse drug reactions.
Methods
Spontaneous reports relating to medium‐ and late‐onset severe cutaneous adverse reactions (MLOSCAR) and SJS/TEN recorded in the VSRD from 2010 to 2015 were retrospectively analysed. The demographic characteristics and drug information were described and compared between SJS/TEN and other MLOSCAR reports. The drug‐induced SJS/TEN signals were estimated using subgrouped disproportionality analysis with calculation of the reporting odds ratio (ROR) and the respective 95% confidence interval (CI).
Results
The VSRD received 2,849 MLOSCAR reports, 136 of which focus on SJS/TEN over a 6‐year period. About 60% of SJS/TEN patients were male, and the majority of them were adults (mean age 42.5 ± 22.9). Up to 91.8% of drugs induced SJS/TEN within 1‐28 days, and 45% SJS/TEN cases were evaluated as life‐threatening. Positive signals were generated with carbamazepine (n = 25, ROR 95% CI = 11.99 7.07‐19.92), allopurinol (n = 15, ROR 95% CI = 4.2 2.20‐7.59), traditional/herbal medicines (n = 7, ROR 95% CI = 2.76 1.12‐5.86), colchicine (n = 4, ROR 95% CI = 6.22 1.69‐18.72), valproic acid (n = 3, ROR 95% CI = 8.71 1.89‐30.19) and meloxicam (n = 3, ROR 95% CI = 7.09 1.55‐24.29), which are well known for SJS/TEN. Cefixime (n = 5, ROR 95% CI = 3.34 1.13‐8.00) and paracetamol (n = 22, ROR 95% CI = 5.23 3.10‐8.49) also generated positive signals despite their popularity in Vietnam.
What is new and conclusion
This first Vietnamese population‐based study has highlighted original characteristics and signals of drug‐induced SJS/TEN, which are relatively consistent with other worldwide data and typical for a developing country.
Selection flow chart for SJS/TEN and MLOSCAR reports in the Vietnamese Spontaneous Reporting Database
Etanercept (ETA) has been used as a drug to neutralise tumour necrotic factor alpha (TNF-α) for treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA), yet there are limitations concerning its low specific drug ...targeting and side effects. In this study, agarose–curdlan encapsulating etanercept (ACE) gel was successfully formulated and evenly distributed as nano-particles of 30–100 nm diameter, exhibiting an ETA encapsulation efficiency of 73.8% and an ETA-releasing efficiency of 50% after 52 h. The number of dectin-1-overexpressing macrophage cells, RAW264.7, exposed to ACE that migrated in the Boyden chamber assay was equal to that exposed to either agarose–curdlan or curdlan nanogels, but substantially higher than those exposed to agarose gel and water-soluble ETA by 67 and 141 fold, respectively (
p
< 0.05), suggesting the targeting effect of curdlan on dectin-1. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay revealed that the ETA released from the ACE nanogel could neutralise TNF-α secreted by lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced RAW264.7. Moreover, at 24 h and 72 h, the released ETA showed 1.3- to 4.4-fold greater effectiveness, respectively, than water-soluble ETA. This study demonstrates that the ACE nanogel can attract immune cells and slowly release ETA to efficiently neutralise the TNF-α produced by these cells and, thus, could be a promising ETA carrier for targeted RA treatment.
Dengue shock syndrome is characterized by severe vascular leakage and disordered hemostasis and progresses to death in 1 to 5 percent of cases. Although volume replacement is recognized as the ...critical therapeutic intervention, World Health Organization management guidelines remain empirical rather than evidence-based.
We performed a double-blind, randomized comparison of three fluids for initial resuscitation of Vietnamese children with dengue shock syndrome. We randomly assigned 383 children with moderately severe shock to receive Ringer's lactate, 6 percent dextran 70 (a colloid), or 6 percent hydroxyethyl starch (a colloid) and 129 children with severe shock to receive one of the colloids. The primary outcome measure was requirement for rescue colloid at any time after administration of the study fluid.
Only one patient died (<0.2 percent mortality). The primary outcome measure--requirement for rescue colloid--was similar for the different fluids in the two severity groups. The relative risk of requirement for rescue colloid was 1.08 (95 percent confidence interval, 0.78 to 1.47; P=0.65) among children with moderate shock who received Ringer's lactate as compared with either of the colloid solutions, 1.13 (95 percent confidence interval, 0.74 to 1.74; P=0.59) among children who received dextran as compared with starch in the group with severe shock, and 0.88 (95 percent confidence interval, 0.66 to 1.17; P=0.38) among children who received dextran as compared with starch in the combined analysis. Although treatment with Ringer's lactate resulted in less rapid improvement in the hematocrit and a marginally longer time to initial recovery than did treatment with either of the colloid solutions, there were no differences in all other measures of treatment response. Only minor differences in efficacy were detected between the two colloids, but significantly more recipients of dextran than of starch had adverse reactions. Bleeding manifestations, coagulation derangements, and severity of fluid overload were similar for all fluid-treatment groups.
Initial resuscitation with Ringer's lactate is indicated for children with moderately severe dengue shock syndrome. Dextran 70 and 6 percent hydroxyethyl starch perform similarly in children with severe shock, but given the adverse reactions associated with the use of dextran, starch may be preferable for this group.
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