Weak transitions in the (2,0) overtone band of the hydrogen deuteride molecule at λ=1.38 μm were measured in saturated absorption using the technique of noise-immune cavity-enhanced optical ...heterodyne molecular spectroscopy. Narrow Doppler-free lines were interrogated with a spectroscopy laser locked to a frequency comb laser referenced to an atomic clock to yield transition frequencies R(1)=217105181895(20) kHz; R(2)=219042856621(28) kHz; R(3)=220704304951(28) kHz at three orders of magnitude improved accuracy. These benchmark values provide a test of QED in the smallest neutral molecule, and they open up an avenue to resolve the proton radius puzzle, as well as constrain putative fifth forces and extra dimensions.
Clinical mastitis is an important disease in dairies. Its treatment is mainly based on the use of antimicrobial drugs. Numerous non-antimicrobial drugs and treatment strategies have already been ...reported for clinical mastitis treatment, but data on their efficacy have never been collated in a systematic way. The objective of this systematic review was to identify treatments other than conventional antimicrobials for the treatment of clinical mastitis in lactating dairy cows. A systematic review was performed with studies written in English or French selected from CAB Abstracts, PubMed, and Web of Science from January 1970 to June 2014. Controlled clinical trials, observational studies, and experimental challenges were retained. Lactating dairy cows with clinical mastitis were the participant of interest. All treatments other than conventional antimicrobials for clinical mastitis during lactation were retained. Only studies comparing the treatment under investigation to a negative or positive control, or both, were included. Outcomes evaluated were clinical and bacteriological cure rates and milk production. Selection of the study, data extraction, and assessment of risk of bias was performed by 3 reviewers. Assessment of risk of bias was evaluated using the Cochrane Collaboration tool for systematic review of interventions. A total of 2,451 manuscripts were first identified and 39 manuscripts corresponding to 41 studies were included. Among these, 22 were clinical trials, 18 were experimental studies, and 1 was an observational study. The treatments evaluated were conventional anti-inflammatory drugs (n = 14), oxytocin with or without frequent milk out (n = 5), biologics (n = 9), homeopathy (n = 5), botanicals (n = 4), probiotics (n = 2), and other alternative products (n = 2). All trials had at least one unclear or high risk of bias. Most trials (n = 13) did not observe significant differences in clinical or bacteriological cure rates in comparison with negative or positive controls. Few studies evaluated the effect of treatment on milk yield. In general, the power of the different studies was very low, thus precluding conclusions on noninferiority or nonsuperiority of the treatments investigated. No evidence-based recommendations could be given for the use of an alternative or non-antimicrobial conventional treatment for clinical mastitis. However, probiotics and oxytocin with or without frequent milk out should not be recommended. We concluded that homeopathic treatments are not efficient for management of clinical mastitis.
The ASACUSA (Atomic Spectroscopy And Collisions Using Slow Antiprotons) collaboration plans to measure the ground-state hyperfine splitting of antihydrogen in a beam at the CERN Antiproton ...Decelerator with initial relative precision of
10
-
6
or better, to test the fundamental CPT (combination of charge conjugation, parity transformation and time reversal) symmetry between matter and antimatter. This challenging goal requires a polarised antihydrogen beam with a sufficient number of antihydrogen atoms in the ground state. The first measurement of the quantum state distribution of antihydrogen atoms in a low magnetic field environment of a few mT is described. Furthermore, the data-driven machine learning analysis to identify antihydrogen events is discussed.
Graphic Abstract
The GBAR project (Gravitational Behaviour of Anti hydrogen at Rest) at CERN, aims to measure the free fall acceleration of ultracold neutral anti hydrogen atoms in the terrestrial gravitational ...field. The experiment consists preparing anti hydrogen ions (one antiproton and two positrons) and sympathetically cooling them with B
e
+
ions to less than 10
μ
K. The ultracold ions will then be photo-ionized just above threshold, and the free fall time over a known distance measured. We will describe the project, the accuracy that can be reached by standard techniques, and discuss a possible improvement to reduce the vertical velocity spread.
The ASACUSA collaboration at the Antiproton Decelerator of CERN aims at a precise measurement of the antihydrogen ground-state hyperfine structure as a test of the fundamental CPT symmetry. A beam of ...antihydrogen atoms is formed in a CUSP trap, undergoes Rabi-type spectroscopy and is detected downstream in a dedicated antihydrogen detector. In parallel measurements using a polarized hydrogen beam are being performed to commission the spectroscopy apparatus and to perform measurements of parameters of the Standard Model Extension (SME). The current status of antihydrogen spectroscopy is reviewed and progress of ASACUSA is presented.
Sedentary lifestyles and physical inactivity have been shown to increase during pregnancy and are a cause of obstetric comorbidity. The objective of this study was to conduct a systematic review of ...interventions aiming to promote physical activity during pregnancy.
Databases were searched from January 2008 to September 2019. Selection criteria included randomized controlled trials evaluating the efficacy of interventions promoting physical activity during pregnancy.
In total, 256 articles were extracted from databases. 202 articles were excluded. Finally, 15 articles were included in the study. 5633 patients were included from various populations. Six studies rated physical activity (PA) as the primary outcome. Five studies suggested promoting physical activity through individual interviews which in two studies showed an increase in PA. Three studies evaluated an intervention based on group interviews and one of these reported a significant increase in PA. Two studies evaluated the use of a Smartphone application to promote physical activity but they did not conclude that they were effective because they were designed with low statistical power.
The practice of regular PA during pregnancy reduces obstetrical comorbidity. However, interventions seem to have a low impact on the promotion of PA during pregnancy. New intervention strategies need to assessed, such as the use of mobile health interventions.
Abstract Aim Sentinel lymph node (SLN) biopsy was recently recommended after prior breast tumour surgery and lymphadenectomy is not the gold standard anymore for nodal staging after a lesion's ...removal. The purpose of our study was to evaluate the good practices of use of SLN biopsy in this context. Patients and methods From 2006 to 2012, 138 patients having undergone a surgical biopsy without prior diagnosis of an invasive carcinoma with a definitive histological analysis in favour of this diagnosis were included in a prospective observational multicentric study. Each patient had a nodal staging following SLN biopsy with subsequent systematic lymphadenectomy. Results The detection rate of SLN was 85.5%. The average number of SLNs found was 1.9. The relative detection failure risk rate was multiplied by 4 in the event of an interval of less than 36 days between the SLN biopsy and the previous breast surgery, and by 9 in the event of using a single-tracer detection method. The false negative rate was 6.25%. The prevalence of metastatic axillary node involvement was 11.6%. In 69% of cases only the SLN was metastatic. The post-operative seroma rate was 19.5%. Conclusion Previous conservative breast tumour surgery does not affect the accuracy of the SLN biopsy. A sufficient interval of greater than 36 days between the two operations could allow to improve the SLN detection rate, although further studies are needed to validate this statement. Clinical trial registration number NCT00293865.
The ASACUSA Collaboration at CERNs Antiproton Decelerator aims to measure the ground state hyperfine splitting of antihydrogen with high precision to test the fundamental symmetry of CPT (combination ...of charge conjugation, parity transformation, and time reversal). For this purpose an antihydrogen detector has been developed. Its task is to count the arriving antihydrogen atoms and therefore distinguish backgroundevents (mainly cosmics) from antiproton annihilations originating from antihydrogen atoms which are produced only in small amounts. A central BGO crystal disk with position sensitive read-out detects the annihilation and a surrounding two-layered hodoscope is used for tracking charged secondaries. The hodoscope has been recently upgraded to allow precise vertex reconstruction. A machine learning analysis based on measured antiproton annihilations and cosmic rays has been developed to identify antihydrogen events.
We report the successful commissioning and testing of a dedicated field-ioniser chamber for measuring principal quantum number distributions in antihydrogen as part of the ASACUSA hyperfine ...spectroscopy apparatus. The new chamber is combined with a beam normalisation detector that consists of plastic scintillators and a retractable passivated implanted planar silicon (PIPS) detector.
To investigate the feasibility of, and outcome after, laparoscopic adrenalectomy in dogs with unilateral adrenocortical carcinoma. Case series. Dogs (n=7) with Cushing's syndrome caused by unilateral ...adrenocortical carcinoma. Laparoscopic adrenalectomy with the dog in lateral recumbency on the unaffected side. Three 5-mm portals (1 laparoscopic portal, 2 instrument portals) were placed in the paralumbar fossa. A fourth instrumental portal (5-12 mm) was placed above the kidney. After dissection and hemostatic control of the phrenicoabdominal vein, the adrenal gland was carefully dissected or when there was capsule fragility, necrotic content was partially aspirated. The remaining glandular tissue was removed through the 12-mm trocar site. Dogs with unilateral adrenocortical carcinoma (3 right-sided, 4 left-sided) without invasion of the caudal vena cava were successfully operated by laparoscopic approach. There were no significant intraoperative complications; 2 dogs died within 48 hours of surgery because of respiratory complications. Five dogs were discharged 72 hours after surgery, and signs of hyperadrenocorticism disappeared thereafter (survival time ranged from 7 to 25 months). Laparoscopic adrenalectomy is feasible in dogs with either right- or left-sided adrenocortical carcinoma not involving the caudal vena cava. When performed by experienced surgeons, laparoscopic adrenalectomy offers a minimally invasive alternative to open laparotomy or retroperitoneal surgery for the treatment of unilateral adrenocortical carcinoma in dogs.
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