Adipose tissue (AT) optical properties for physiological temperatures and in vivo conditions are still insufficiently studied. The AT is composed mainly of packed cells close to spherical shape. It ...is a possible reason that AT demonstrates a very complicated spatial structure of reflected or transmitted light. It was shown with a cellular tissue phantom, is split into a fan of narrow tracks, originating from the insertion point and representing filament-like light distribution. The development of suitable approaches for describing light propagation in a AT is urgently needed. A mathematical model of the propagation of light through the layers of fat cells is proposed. It has been shown that the sharp local focusing of optical radiation (light localized near the shadow surface of the cells) and its cleavage by coupling whispering gallery modes depends on the optical thickness of the cell layer. The optical coherence tomography numerical simulation and experimental studies results demonstrate the importance of sharp local focusing in AT for understanding its optical properties for physiological conditions and at AT heating.
The influence of ischemia–reperfusion (I/R) action on pancreatic blood flow (PBF) and the development of acute pancreatitis (AP) in laboratory rats is evaluated in vivo by using the laser speckle ...contrast imaging (LSCI). Additionally, the optical properties in norm and under condition of AP in rats were assessed using a modified integrating sphere spectrometer and inverse Monte Carlo (IMC) software. The results of the experimental study of microcirculation of the pancreas in 82 rats in the ischemic model are presented. The data obtained confirm the fact that local ischemia and changes in the blood flow velocity of the main vessels cause and provoke acute pancreatitis.
To explain the nature of the high reddening (A
V
≃ 10 mag) towards one of the most luminous stars in the Galaxy – Cyg OB2 #12 (B5 Ia-0), also known as MT304, we carried out spectrophotometric ...observations of 24 stars located in its vicinity. We included five new B-stars among the members of Cygnus OB2, and for five more photometrically selected stars we spectroscopically confirmed their membership. We constructed the map of interstellar extinction within 2.5 arcmin radius and found that interstellar extinction increases towards MT304. According to our results the most reddened OB-stars in the association after MT304 are J203240.35+411420.1 and J203239.90+411436.2, located about 15 arcsec away from it. Interstellar extinction towards these stars is about 9 mag. The increase of reddening towards MT304 suggests that the reddening excess may be caused by the circumstellar shell ejected by the star during its evolution. This shell absorbs 1 mag, but its chemical composition and temperature are unclear. We also report the detection of a second component of MT304, and discovery of an even fainter third component, based on data of speckle interferometric observations taken with the Russian 6-m telescope.
The multicomponent condensation of cyclopentylidene- or cyclohexylidenemalononitrile, cyanoacetic acid amides or thioamides, and alkylating agents affords 4-spirocyclopentane- and ...4-spirocyclohexanenicotinic acid nitriles and amides. The structures of several reaction products were determined by X-ray diffraction.
New Synthesis of Tetrahydroisoquinolines Dyachenko, I. V.; Dyachenko, V. D.; Dorovatovskii, P. V. ...
Russian journal of organic chemistry,
05/2022, Volume:
58, Issue:
5
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
The reaction of cyclohexylidenecyanothioacetamide with
N
,
N
-dimethylformamide dimethyl acetal was studied. This transformation, depending on the reaction conditions, leads to different results: ...when the starting reagents are refluxed without a solvent, 3-(methylsulfanyl)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydroisoquinoline-4-carbonitrile is formed, and refluxing in benzene leads to 2-cyano-3-(dimethylamino)prop-2-enethioamide. The structure of these products was studied by XRD analysts.
New nicotinamide derivatives have been synthesized by reactions of enamino ketones, aryl(hetaryl)methylidenecyanothioacetamides, alkylating agents, formamide, and cycloalkanones. The structure of ...some of the synthesized compounds has been determined by X-ray analysis.
NBI-assisted plasma heating with one or two injectors of fast neutral atoms was studied at the Globus-M2 spherical tokamak at the toroidal magnetic fields of 0.8–0.9 T and plasma currents of 0.35–0.4 ...MA. Measurements of the spatial temperature and electron density distributions, performed using the Thomson scattering diagnostics, showed a twofold increase in heating of plasma electrons during the injection of neutral particles with energies of up to 45 keV at the beam power of 0.75 MW, as compared to the ohmic heating regime. Switching on the second additional beam with the particle energy of up to 30 keV and power of up to 0.5 MW resulted in obtaining the hot ion mode in the range of mean plasma densities of (1.6–10) × 10
19
m
−3
. According to the data of active spectroscopy and neutral particle analyzer diagnostics, in the hot zone, the ion temperature reached 4 keV at the plasma density of 8 × 10
19
m
−3
, which is more than 2.5 times higher than the electron temperature.
Nicotinamide and nicotinonitrile derivatives containing a C
5
–C
7
-cycloalkane ring fused to the C
4
–C
5
bond were synthesized via Knoevenagel condensation, nucleophilic vinylic substitution (S
N
...Vin), and alkylation. The structure of (1-amino-5-phenyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrothieno2,3-
c
isoquinolin-2-yl)(phenyl)methanone was determined by X-ray analysis.
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