We report here on the experience with continuous jejunal levodopa infusion in 13 German parkinsonian patients who have motor and nonmotor complications despite individually optimized oral treatment. ...The tolerability, efficacy, and the need for dose adjustment of levodopa infusion were followed-up prospectively. Thereby, we describe clinically relevant details for how to successfully initiate and handle this new treatment strategy.
Thirteen patients with advanced Parkinson disease (PD) who have motor fluctuations and dyskinesia were switched off their conventional PD medication to continuous levodopa infusion and followed-up within a maximum period of 12 months.
Time in "off" represented a mean of 50% (+/-14; n = 13) of awake time before levodopa infusion and was reduced to a mean of 11% (+/-9; n = 11) of awake time after 6 months. Time in "on with disabling dyskinesias" represented a mean of 17% (+/-15; n = 13) of awake time before levodopa infusion and was reduced to a mean of 3% (+/-6; n= 11) of awake time after 6 months, thereby increasing the time in good "on" state. A positive effect on nonmotor symptoms (anxiety, sleep disturbances) was also observed. In most cases, dose adjustment was required within the first 6 months (predominantly after months 1-3). The therapy was safe and effective. However, problems with the technical device were common.
Continuous jejunal levodopa infusion is an effective and feasible alternative treatment option for patients with advanced PD who can cope with and tolerate the device.
Abstract The TOTEM collaboration at the CERN LHC has measured the differential cross-section of elastic proton–proton scattering at $$\sqrt{s} = 8\,\mathrm{TeV}$$ s = 8 TeV in the squared ...four-momentum transfer range $$0.2\,\mathrm{GeV^{2}}< |t| < 1.9\,\mathrm{GeV^{2}}$$ 0.2 GeV 2 < | t | < 1.9 GeV 2 . This interval includes the structure with a diffractive minimum (“dip”) and a secondary maximum (“bump”) that has also been observed at all other LHC energies, where measurements were made. A detailed characterisation of this structure for $$\sqrt{s} = 8\,\mathrm{TeV}$$ s = 8 TeV yields the positions, $$|t|_{\mathrm{dip}} = (0.521 \pm 0.007)\,\mathrm{GeV^2}$$ | t | dip = ( 0.521 ± 0.007 ) GeV 2 and $$|t|_{\mathrm{bump}} = (0.695 \pm 0.026)\,\mathrm{GeV^2}$$ | t | bump = ( 0.695 ± 0.026 ) GeV 2 , as well as the cross-section values, $$\left. {\mathrm{d}\sigma /\mathrm{d}t}\right| _{\mathrm{dip}} = (15.1 \pm 2.5)\,\mathrm{{\mu b/GeV^2}}$$ d σ / d t dip = ( 15.1 ± 2.5 ) μ b / GeV 2 and $$\left. {\mathrm{d}\sigma /\mathrm{d}t}\right| _{\mathrm{bump}} = (29.7 \pm 1.8)\,\mathrm{{\mu b/GeV^2}}$$ d σ / d t bump = ( 29.7 ± 1.8 ) μ b / GeV 2 , for the dip and the bump, respectively.
The first double diffractive cross-section measurement in the very forward region has been carried out by the TOTEM experiment at the LHC with a center-of-mass energy of sqrts=7 TeV. By utilizing ...the very forward TOTEM tracking detectors T1 and T2, which extend up to |η|=6.5, a clean sample of double diffractive pp events was extracted. From these events, we determined the cross section σDD=(116±25) μb for events where both diffractive systems have 4.7<|η|min<6.5.
Abstract
The TOTEM collaboration at the CERN LHC has measured the differential cross-section of elastic proton–proton scattering at
$$\sqrt{s} = 8\,\mathrm{TeV}$$
s
=
8
TeV
in the squared ...four-momentum transfer range
$$0.2\,\mathrm{GeV^{2}}< |t| < 1.9\,\mathrm{GeV^{2}}$$
0.2
GeV
2
<
|
t
|
<
1.9
GeV
2
. This interval includes the structure with a diffractive minimum (“dip”) and a secondary maximum (“bump”) that has also been observed at all other LHC energies, where measurements were made. A detailed characterisation of this structure for
$$\sqrt{s} = 8\,\mathrm{TeV}$$
s
=
8
TeV
yields the positions,
$$|t|_{\mathrm{dip}} = (0.521 \pm 0.007)\,\mathrm{GeV^2}$$
|
t
|
dip
=
(
0.521
±
0.007
)
GeV
2
and
$$|t|_{\mathrm{bump}} = (0.695 \pm 0.026)\,\mathrm{GeV^2}$$
|
t
|
bump
=
(
0.695
±
0.026
)
GeV
2
, as well as the cross-section values,
$$\left. {\mathrm{d}\sigma /\mathrm{d}t}\right| _{\mathrm{dip}} = (15.1 \pm 2.5)\,\mathrm{{\mu b/GeV^2}}$$
d
σ
/
d
t
dip
=
(
15.1
±
2.5
)
μ
b
/
GeV
2
and
$$\left. {\mathrm{d}\sigma /\mathrm{d}t}\right| _{\mathrm{bump}} = (29.7 \pm 1.8)\,\mathrm{{\mu b/GeV^2}}$$
d
σ
/
d
t
bump
=
(
29.7
±
1.8
)
μ
b
/
GeV
2
, for the dip and the bump, respectively.
1. Burying beetles inter small vertebrate carcasses that ultimately serve as a food source for their developing young. The male remains with the female on the carcass after the brood has been ...produced, purportedly to aid in the feeding and protection of larvae. However, numerous laboratory experiments have failed to demonstrate a beneficial effect of the male on the growth and survival of offspring.
2. A potential difficulty with laboratory studies is that beetles are typically held under relatively benign conditions, protected from the biotic and environmental challenges that they normally encounter. In nature, males may enhance offspring survival by aiding the female in ridding the carcass of mould, and by helping to preserve the carcass through the secretion of antibiotic substances in the beetles’ saliva. To examine more rigorously the potential benefits of male parental care, an experiment was conducted under field conditions in which the reproductive output of male–female pairs was compared to that of single females.
3. Beetles were induced to bury carcasses in soil inside rigid plastic tubes that had been inserted into the ground. The experiment was a paired design involving pairs of sisters reproducing in adjacent tubes; one sister reproduced alone, whereas the other reproduced with the assistance of a male. Soil cores were recovered about 1 month later, and examined for viable pupae.
4. There was no significant difference in the number of offspring produced by single females and those reproducing with the assistance of the male, nor was there any significant difference in total brood mass. These results suggest that any benefits of extended male residency on the carcass do not stem from male participation in carcass maintenance or provisioning young.
Intermittent subcutaneous apomorphine therapy should be considered in patients with advanced Parkinson's disease who experience recurrent off periods despite optimised oral treatment (according to ...guidelines), for reliable and quick reversal of these otherwise refractory periods. Such treatment is also called rescue therapy. At present, apomorphine injections with the apomorphine pen are underutilised, considering its current indications and contraindications. In the present consensus statement, concepts for the use of apomorphine are presented and discussed based on existing study results, indications, and contraindications. Recommendations for a practical approach are also provided.
First test of cold edgeless silicon microstrip detectors Avati, V.; Boccone, V.; Borer, K. ...
Nuclear instruments & methods in physics research. Section A, Accelerators, spectrometers, detectors and associated equipment,
02/2004, Volume:
518, Issue:
1
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
Open access
Silicon microstrip detectors will provide the forward tracking in the TOTEM experiment at the LHC. To allow efficient tracking closest to the beam
(≈1
mm)
these detectors should be sensitive up to ...their physical edge (i.e.
edgeless). Edgeless (without guard rings) microstrip planar detectors can be operated at cryogenic temperatures (about
130°
K
) where leakage currents due to the active edge are drastically reduced. A silicon microstrip prototype, cut perpendicular to the strips, has been tested with a pion beam at CERN to study its efficiency close to the edge by using reference tracks from a simple silicon telescope. Results indicate that the detector measures tracks with good efficiency up to the physical edge of the silicon.
Abstract
The proton–proton elastic differential cross section
$${\mathrm{d}}\sigma /{\mathrm{d}}t$$
d
σ
/
d
t
has been measured by the TOTEM experiment at
$$\sqrt{s}=2.76\hbox { TeV}$$
s
=
2.76
TeV
...energy with
$$\beta ^{*}=11\hbox { m}$$
β
∗
=
11
m
beam optics. The Roman Pots were inserted to 13 times the transverse beam size from the beam, which allowed to measure the differential cross-section of elastic scattering in a range of the squared four-momentum transfer (|
t
|) from 0.36 to
$$0.74\hbox { GeV}^{2}$$
0.74
GeV
2
. The differential cross-section can be described with an exponential in the |
t
|-range between 0.36 and
$$0.54\hbox { GeV}^{2}$$
0.54
GeV
2
, followed by a diffractive minimum (dip) at
$$|t_{\mathrm{dip}}|=(0.61\pm 0.03)\hbox { GeV}^{2}$$
|
t
dip
|
=
(
0.61
±
0.03
)
GeV
2
and a subsequent maximum (bump). The ratio of the
$${\mathrm{d}}\sigma /{\mathrm{d}}t$$
d
σ
/
d
t
at the bump and at the dip is
$$1.7\pm 0.2$$
1.7
±
0.2
. When compared to the proton–antiproton measurement of the D0 experiment at
$$\sqrt{s} = 1.96\hbox { TeV}$$
s
=
1.96
TeV
, a significant difference can be observed. Under the condition that the effects due to the energy difference between TOTEM and D0 can be neglected, the result provides evidence for the exchange of a colourless C-odd three-gluon compound state in the
t
-channel of the proton–proton and proton–antiproton elastic scattering.
Abstract The proton–proton elastic differential cross section $${\mathrm{d}}\sigma /{\mathrm{d}}t$$ dσ/dt has been measured by the TOTEM experiment at $$\sqrt{s}=2.76\hbox { TeV}$$ s=2.76TeV energy ...with $$\beta ^{*}=11\hbox { m}$$ β∗=11m beam optics. The Roman Pots were inserted to 13 times the transverse beam size from the beam, which allowed to measure the differential cross-section of elastic scattering in a range of the squared four-momentum transfer (|t|) from 0.36 to $$0.74\hbox { GeV}^{2}$$ 0.74GeV2 . The differential cross-section can be described with an exponential in the |t|-range between 0.36 and $$0.54\hbox { GeV}^{2}$$ 0.54GeV2 , followed by a diffractive minimum (dip) at $$|t_{\mathrm{dip}}|=(0.61\pm 0.03)\hbox { GeV}^{2}$$ |tdip|=(0.61±0.03)GeV2 and a subsequent maximum (bump). The ratio of the $${\mathrm{d}}\sigma /{\mathrm{d}}t$$ dσ/dt at the bump and at the dip is $$1.7\pm 0.2$$ 1.7±0.2 . When compared to the proton–antiproton measurement of the D0 experiment at $$\sqrt{s} = 1.96\hbox { TeV}$$ s=1.96TeV , a significant difference can be observed. Under the condition that the effects due to the energy difference between TOTEM and D0 can be neglected, the result provides evidence for the exchange of a colourless C-odd three-gluon compound state in the t-channel of the proton–proton and proton–antiproton elastic scattering.
PDF
