A study of the chiral behavior of pseudoscalar masses and decay constants is carried out in quenched lattice QCD with Wilson fermions. Using the modified quenched approximation to cure the ...exceptional configuration problem, accurate results are obtained for pion masses as low as {approx}200 MeV. The anomalous chiral log effect associated with quenched {eta}{prime} loops is studied in both the relation between m{sub {pi}}{sup 2} vs m{sub q} and in the light-mass behavior of the pseudoscalar and axial vector matrix elements. The size of these effects agrees quantitatively with a direct measurement of the {eta}{prime} hairpin graph, as well as with a measurement of the topological susceptibility, thus providing several independent and quantitatively consistent determinations of the quenched chiral log parameter {delta}. For {beta}=5.7 with clover-improved fermions (C{sub sw}=1.57) all results are consistent with {delta}=0.065{+-}0.013.
A golden age for heavy-quarkonium physics dawned a decade ago, initiated by the confluence of exciting advances in quantum chromodynamics (QCD) and an explosion of related experimental activity. The ...early years of this period were chronicled in the Quarkonium Working Group (QWG) CERN Yellow Report (YR) in 2004, which presented a comprehensive review of the status of the field at that time and provided specific recommendations for further progress. However, the broad spectrum of subsequent breakthroughs, surprises, and continuing puzzles could only be partially anticipated. Since the release of the YR, the BESII program concluded only to give birth to BESIII; the
B
-factories and CLEO-c flourished; quarkonium production and polarization measurements at HERA and the Tevatron matured; and heavy-ion collisions at RHIC have opened a window on the deconfinement regime. All these experiments leave legacies of quality, precision, and unsolved mysteries for quarkonium physics, and therefore beg for continuing investigations at BESIII, the LHC, RHIC, FAIR, the Super Flavor and/or Tau–Charm factories, JLab, the ILC, and beyond. The list of newly found conventional states expanded to include
h
c
(1
P
),
χ
c
2
(2
P
),
, and
η
b
(1
S
). In addition, the unexpected and still-fascinating
X
(3872) has been joined by more than a dozen other charmonium- and bottomonium-like “
XYZ
” states that appear to lie outside the quark model. Many of these still need experimental confirmation. The plethora of new states unleashed a flood of theoretical investigations into new forms of matter such as quark–gluon hybrids, mesonic molecules, and tetraquarks. Measurements of the spectroscopy, decays, production, and in-medium behavior of
,
, and
bound states have been shown to validate some theoretical approaches to QCD and highlight lack of quantitative success for others. Lattice QCD has grown from a tool with computational possibilities to an industrial-strength effort now dependent more on insight and innovation than pure computational power. New effective field theories for the description of quarkonium in different regimes have been developed and brought to a high degree of sophistication, thus enabling precise and solid theoretical predictions. Many expected decays and transitions have either been measured with precision or for the first time, but the confusing patterns of decays, both above and below open-flavor thresholds, endure and have deepened. The intriguing details of quarkonium suppression in heavy-ion collisions that have emerged from RHIC have elevated the importance of separating hot- and cold-nuclear-matter effects in quark–gluon plasma studies. This review systematically addresses all these matters and concludes by prioritizing directions for ongoing and future efforts.
Orbitally excited heavy-light (ital Qbar q) mesons are potentially important as tools for tagging the flavors and momenta of ground-state pseudoscalars detected through weak decays. We use ...heavy-quark symmetry supplemented by insights gleaned from potential models to estimate masses and widths of ital p-wave ital B, ital Bsub ital s, and ital Dsub ital s mesons. We generalize these results to higher excitations.
In lattice QCD with Wilson fermions, exceptional configurations arise in the quenched approximation at small quark mass. The origin of these large previously uncontrolled lattice artifacts is ...identified. A simple well-defined procedure is found which removes the artifacts while maintaining the correct continuum limit. This modified quench approximation (MQA) allows accurate calculations to be carried out for arbitrarily small quark masses.
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