While the discipline reflects on ways of dealing with this challenge, we recommend that, in the interim, multiauthored research papers should include a statement of attribution of contributions, ...specifying who of the author list contributed in designing the research, conducting the research, writing the text, editing the text, and funding the research. Most hydrology journals have therefore adopted a policy of open data and open models (e.g., Data Citation Synthesis Group 2014) to allow peers-at least in principle-to repeat any published study. Open data/model policies will certainly need particular attention in the near future and will likely require a change in the thinking of researchers and data collection agencies. A comparison among six leading hydrology journals over the period from 1996 to 2016, published as an editorial in Water Resources Research (WRR; Clark and Hanson 2017), concludes that the journal impact factor in a given year does not have much predictive power for journal-level productivity.
This phenomenological investigation examines the perceptions of the teaching profession as a viable career option by high-achieving high school-aged African American boys. Researchers used random ...sampling to identify high schools in one large urban school district and criterion sampling to examine the perceptions of 63 African American 11th-grade boys. Participants completed a perceptual analysis inventory, constructed a circle map, sketched an artistic drawing of a classroom teacher, and participated in focus group sessions. Using an explicitation analysis process, three themes emerged as factors that dissuaded participants from considering teaching as a career option: (a) Negative Perceptions of Teachers and Teaching, (b) Schools as Oppressive Institutions, and (c) African American Males as Nonconformists. Recommendations for practice and future research are offered.
Editors of several journals in the field of hydrology met during the General Assembly of the European Geosciences Union—EGU in Vienna in April 2017. This event was a follow-up of similar meetings ...held in 2013 and 2015. These meetings enable the group of editors to review the current status of the journals and the publication process, and to share thoughts on future strategies. Journals were represented at the 2017 meeting by their editors, as shown in the list of authors. The main points on invigorating hydrological research through journal publications are communicated in this joint editorial published in the above journals.
The Coma cluster, Abell 1656, was the target of an HST-ACS Treasury program designed for deep imaging in the F475W and F814W passbands. Although our survey was interrupted by the ACS instrument ...failure in early 2007, the partially completed survey still covers ~50% of the core high-density region in Coma. Observations were performed for 25 fields that extend over a wide range of cluster-centric radii (~1.75 Mpc or 1?) with a total coverage area of 274 arcmin2. The majority of the fields are located near the core region of Coma (19/25 pointings) with six additional fields in the southwest region of the cluster. In this paper, we present reprocessed images and SEXTRACTOR source catalogs for our survey fields, including a detailed description of the methodology used for object detection and photometry, the subtraction of bright galaxies to measure faint underlying objects, and the use of simulations to assess the photometric accuracy and completeness of our catalogs. We also use simulations to perform aperture corrections for the SEXTRACTOR Kron magnitudes based only on the measured source flux and its half-light radius. We have performed photometry for ~73,000 unique objects; approximately one-half of our detections are brighter than the 10 Delta *s point-source detection limit at F814W = 25.8 mag (AB). The slight majority of objects (60%) are unresolved or only marginally resolved by ACS. We estimate that Coma members are 5%-10% of all source detections, which consist of a large population of unresolved compact sources (primarily globular clusters but also ultra-compact dwarf galaxies) and a wide variety of extended galaxies from a cD galaxy to dwarf low surface brightness galaxies. The red sequence of Coma member galaxies has a color-magnitude relation with a constant slope and dispersion over 9 mag (--21 < M F814W < --13). The initial data release for the HST-ACS Coma Treasury program was made available to the public in 2008 August. The images and catalogs described in this study relate to our second data release.
Editors of several journals in the field of hydrology met during the General Assembly of the European Geosciences Union-EGU in Vienna in April 2017. This event was a follow-up of similar meetings ...held in 2013 and 2015. These meetings enable the group of editors to review the current status of the journals and the publication process, and to share thoughts on future strategies. Journals were represented at the 2017 meeting by their editors, as shown in the list of authors. The main points on invigorating hydrological research through journal publications are communicated in this joint editorial published in the above journals.
The energy of the charge‐transfer state formed between electron‐donating and electronaccepting materials, a state that directly absorbs, largely determines the limit of the open‐circuit voltage in ...organic photovoltaic devices. This is described in work by Aram Amassian, Michael D. McGehee and co‐workers on page 6076.
The primary intent for obtaining screening logs in a randomized clinical trial is to assess selection bias in patient recruitment. This is particularly relevant to focused trials in heterogeneous ...populations such as traumatic brain injury (TBI) patients. We aimed to investigate the benefits of collecting screening logs in two randomized clinical trials conducted in TBI.
Screening logs were collected as part of the conduct of two multicenter trials of neuroprotective agents in TBI: the Salzburg Atherosclerosis Prevention Program in Subjects at High Individual Risk study (n = 924) and the dexanabinol study (n = 861). Centers were requested to submit monthly information on all patients with TBI admitted to the intensive care unit, including demographics, time of injury and admission, injury severity, and, if not recruited, the reason(s) for exclusion.
In the Salzburg Atherosclerosis Prevention Program in Subjects at High Individual Risk study, 52 centers submitted admission data on 4166 patients. In the dexanabinol trial, 96 centers submitted data on 7052 patients. On average, only 20% of patients screened for the Salzburg Atherosclerosis Prevention Program in Subjects at High Individual Risk study and 10% for the dexanabinol trial were enrolled. The main reasons for exclusion were neurological status (29 and 26%, respectively), age (24 and 30%, respectively), and admission outside of the time window (17 and 21%, respectively). Differences in patient characteristics between screened and enrolled patients, with substantial country-specific variation, were observed.
The collection of screening logs is necessary to report trial results according to the Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials guidelines and to assess the generalizability of findings. Our experience shows the feasibility of collecting screening logs and illustrates how the potential for selection bias may creep into well-designed randomized clinical trials as a result of factors outside the control of investigators. Consistency and accuracy in screening log completion may further serve as an early indicator of center performance in a trial.
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