•Children need more caregivers’ being-protected from because of higher burn risk and less self-protection abilities.•Timely and scientific first aid from their caregivers benefit the outcome.•The use ...of caregivers’ non-scientific and inappropriate home remedies still exists widely, such as toothpaste and oil.•The scientific and appropriate burn first-aid treatments need to be further popularized.
To assess caregivers’knowledge of first aid for small-area thermal burns in children, and reduce burns-induced morbidity and damage in children.
The multi-stage cluster random sampling method was used to recruit school-age children from different kinds of schools. For each child, we selected only one caregiver as our study participant. First-aid knowledge regarding small area burns in children and choices of medical treatment were investigated in the manner of questionnaires.
The effective response rate of questionnaire was 99.4% (5814/5850). Folk remedies and daily necessities were chosen by 17.8% (1,036/5814) and 48.9% (2841/5814), respectively. 39.8% (2,312/5814) of caregivers knew all standard burn first aid measures. Moreover, the proportion of knowing all five measures among caregivers with undergraduate education was significantly higher than the figures among those with other educational levels.
Child caregivers had poor knowledge of first aid for small area burns in children. Only a few caregivers knew all five standard first aid measures for managing small area burns. Many non-scientific and inappropriate home remedies are still widely applied among Shanghai citizens. Our study results suggest relevant scientific evidence-informed measures should be more widely disseminated to the citizens.
In this paper, we discuss multigroup SEIQR (susceptible, exposed, infectious, quarantined, and recovered) models with and without random perturbation in computer network. The transmission of ...malicious objects in computer network is formulated in these two models. In the deterministic model, the basic reproduction number R0 is a threshold which completely determines the persistence or extinction of the disease. Using the results of the graph theory, we show if R0>1, the disease will prevail, the infected fraction persists and the endemic equilibrium is globally stable in feasible region, if R0⩽1, the infected fraction of the nodes disappear so the disease die out. For the stochastic version, we carry out a detailed analysis on the asymptotic behavior of the stochastic model, also regarding of the value of R0. When R0>1, we deduce the globally asymptotic stability of the endemic equilibrium by measuring the difference between the solution and the endemic equilibrium of the deterministic model in time average. Numerical methods are employed to illustrate the dynamic behavior of the model and simulate the system of equations developed. The effect of quarantine on recovered nodes is also analyzed in the deterministic model and the stochastic version of the determinist model.
Quercetin, as a member of the flavonoids family, has many beneficial properties. The aim of our study was to evaluate the protective effect of quercetin in ConA-induced hepatitis in mice, and to ...clarify its mechanism of action. Hepatitis was induced by using ConA (25 mg/kg), and quercetin was administered intragastrically at the dose of 100 mg/kg or 200 mg/kg for 5 days before ConA injection. The serum levels of liver enzymes, inflammatory cytokines and other marker proteins were determined at 2 h, 8 h and 24 h after ConA injection. Following ConA injection, serum levels of liver enzymes and inflammatory cytokines were significantly increased. Quercetin ameliorated liver damage and histopathological changes, and suppressed the release of inflammatory cytokines. The expression of Bax, Bcl-2, Beclin-1, LC3, P62 and caspase 9 were markedly affected by quercetin pretreatment. The expression of TRAF6 and p-JNK were decreased in the quercetin groups. Quercetin attenuated apoptosis and autophagy in ConA-induced autoimmune hepatitis by inhibiting TRAF6/JNK pathway.
Eupafolin is the main bioactive component extracted from the traditional Chinese medicine Ay Tsao (
Artemisia vulgaris
L.), and its anti-tumor activity has had been studied in previous researches. ...T-LAK cell-originated protein kinase (TOPK) belongs to serine/threonine protein kinase and is highly expressed in several cancer cells and tissues, such as colon cancer, lung cancer, esophagus cancer, and so on. Therefore, it was recognized as an important target for treating tumors. Nowadays, we found that eupafolin suppressed TOPK activities at the first time
in vitro
and
in vivo
. The cells study indicated that eupafolin suppressed TOPK activities in JB6 Cl41 and KYSE450 cells. Furthermore, knockdown of TOPK in KYSE450 cells decreased their sensitivities to eupafolin. The animal study showed that the injection of eupafolin in patient-derived xenograft (PDX) mouse effectively suppressed tumor growth. Histone H3 and Ki67 were reduced, and cleaved caspase 3 was increased in tumor tissues after eupafolin treatment. To sum up, eupafolin as an TOPK inhibitor can suppress growth of esophagus cancer
in vitro
and
in vivo
. The TOPK downstream signaling molecule histone H3 in tumor tissues was also reduced after eupafolin treatment. In short, eupafolin can suppress growth of esophagus cancer cells as an TOPK inhibitor both
in vitro
and
in vivo
.
Skimmin is the major pharmacologically active component present in
, in the traditional Chinese medicine as an anti-inflammatory agent, and its anti-inflammation and anti-diabetic effect has had been ...studied in previous studies. The metabolism of glucose plays an important role in the pathophysiology of diabetes. Therefore, it was identified as an important target for improving diabetic. Herein, we found that skimmin relieved the palmitic acid and high-fat and high sugar-induced insulin resistance. Furthermore, skimmin enhanced the glucose uptake
inhibiting reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reducing the level of inflammatory correlation factor. Meanwhile, skimmin reduced the glucose output by promoting PI3K/Akt signaling pathway and down-regulating the expression of glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK3β) and glucose-6-phosphatase (G6Pase). In conclusion, skimmin can improve the insulin resistance by increasing glucose uptake and decreasing glucose output
and
.
Fucoidan is a sulfated polysaccharide based predominantly on l-fucose, and has several biologic functions. Reactive oxygen species-mediated apoptosis and autophagy and release of related inflammatory ...factors have important roles in hepatic ischemia–reperfusion injury (IR). Here, the effect of fucoidan on hepatic IR was investigated. Mice were randomized into sham, IR, and fucoidan (20, 40mg/kg for 14days) groups. Samples were collected to assess biochemical indicators, hepatocyte damage and levels of proteins related to signaling pathways at different time points. Fucoidan had no effect on normal liver tissue, but inhibited the increases in alanine aminotransferase, aspartate transaminase, inflammatory factors, and the hepatocyte damage caused by IR. Also, apoptosis and autophagy via the activated JAK2/STAT1 pathway were attenuated by fucoidan to protect against hepatic injury. In conclusion, fucoidan ameliorates hepatic IR injury in mice via JAK2/STAT1-mediated apoptosis and autophagy. Inhibition of this pathway may be associated with reduced release of related inflammatory cytokines, especially interferon-γ.
We discuss multigroup SIRS (susceptible, infectious, and recovered) epidemic models with random perturbations. We carry out a detailed analysis on the asymptotic behavior of the stochastic model; ...when reproduction number ℛ 0 > 1 , we deduce the globally asymptotic stability of the endemic equilibrium by measuring the difference between the solution and the endemic equilibrium of the deterministic model in time average. Numerical methods are employed to illustrate the dynamic behavior of the model and simulate the system of equations developed. The effect of the rate of immunity loss on susceptible and recovered individuals is also analyzed in the deterministic model.
Global attention has been focused on organic UV filters due to their ubiquity and potential damage to aquatic environment, yet the effects of their life cycle exposure on fish reproduction remain ...unknown. In the present study, the influence of 2-phenylbenzimidazole-5-sulfonic acid (PBSA) exposure on the reproductive endocrine system of zebrafish was examined, from 6 hours post fertilization (hpf) until 150 days, at levels that near-environmentally relevant (0 to 20 μg/L). Our results showed that exposure to PBSA at 20 μg/L caused a slight decrease in the Gonadosomatic Index (GSI) of female zebrafish in the F0 generation. Furthermore, this exposure had a negatively effect on reproduction, accompanied by delayed oocyte maturation, reduced cumulative egg production and decreased fertilization rate. Additionally, offspring embryos displayed reduced egg diameter at 0.75 hpf, delayed cumulative hatching rate at 60 hpf, and increased deformities rate at 72 hpf, indicating an adverse transgenerational effect. Moreover, PBSA exposure was associated with decreased plasma levels of sex hormones of 17β-estradiol (E2) and 11-ketotestosterone (11-KT), as well as altered the transcriptional profiles of certain genes in the HPG (hypothalamic–pituitary–gonadal) and liver axis. Molecular docking (MD) simulations revealed that specific amino acid residues of PBSA interact with zebrafish estrogen receptors, confirming its xenoestrogenic properties. Therefore, exposure to PBSA during its life cycle can disturb fish reproduction through endocrine disruption, thus necessitating strict environmental regulations for the disposal of UV filters to protect ecological and public health.
We construct an exponential attractor for a second order lattice dynamical system with nonlinear damping arising from spatial discretization of wave equations in
R
k
. And we obtain fractal dimension ...of the exponential attractor and its finite-dimensional approximation.
Warped products play important roles in differential geometry, general relativity, and symmetry science. In this paper, we study the warped product pointwise semi-slant submanifolds that are ...isometrically immersed into conformal Sasakian space form. We show that there does not exist any proper warped product pointwise semi-slant submanifolds in conformal Sasakian manifolds. We derived some geometric inequalities for squared norm of second fundamental form from a warped product pointwise semi-slant submanifold into a conformal Sasakian manifolds.
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