Birnessite (δ-MnO2) is the most common manganese (Mn) oxide mineral in soils, sediments, and ocean manganese nodules, and it significantly affects the speciation and mobility of trace metals and ...organic pollutants. Abiotic oxidation of Mn(II) by dissolved O2 is an important birnessite formation pathway, however, it has rarely been reported at neutral pH due to its very slow oxidation kinetics. Anthraquinone-2, 6-disulfonate (AQDS) is an important electron shuttle in biotic systems and might induce birnessite formation by promoting abiotic Mn(II) oxidation. Herein, the effects of AQDS concentration and types of mineral surfaces on 24 mM Mn(II) oxidation were explored at pH 7.0 using macroscopic and spectroscopic analyses. In the absence of AQDS, birnessite cannot form through the abiotic oxidation of 24 mM Mn(II) unless pH ≥ 8.5. In contrast, birnessite rapidly forms at pH 7.0 in the presence of AQDS, which acts as a catalyst. The catalytic effect of AQDS first increases and then decreases with increasing concentration, and as a “shuttle”, the concentration almost remains constant during Mn(II) oxidation. Additionally, in the absence of ferrihydrite or in the presence of montmorillonite, which is an analogous insulating mineral, AQDS shows a weak catalytic effect on Mn(II) oxidation; thus, no birnessite forms. The mechanisms of Mn(II) oxidation promoted by AQDS and ferrihydrite can be described as AQDS acting as an electronic carrier with semiconductor ferrihydrite as a specific channel facilitating electron transfer between Mn(II) and O2 on its surface. This study provides new evidence that AQDS can transfer electrons in abiotic systems as in biotic systems, leading to efficient Mn(II) oxidation and birnessite formation through an abiotic pathway at circumneutral pH in various geological settings.
Graphene oxide (GO) was doped into a silicylacrylate core-shell copolymer emulsion to prepare a thin organic anticorrosion film on galvanized steel. The effect of GO on the composition, morphology, ...and corrosion resistance of the protective film was investigated. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy studies revealed that the film composition remained unchanged after the incorporation of GO. Further, scanning electronic microscopic observations revealed significant modification of the defects in the film after the addition of GO, resulting in decreased surface roughness. The increase in the water contact angle and decreases in both the surface free energy and adhesion work confirmed a decrease in the hydrophilicity of the anticorrosion film after incorporation of GO. Most importantly, the corrosion rate of the film and the corrosion current density decreased by one and two orders of magnitude, respectively. The results of electrochemical impedance spectroscopy also suggested significant increase in resistance to the ionic current through the pores and the charge transfer resistance. All these results proved the positive effect of GO on the enhancement of corrosion resistance.
The introduction of graphene oxide into the organic anticorrosion film can significantly modify the morphology, leaving the decrease of surface roughness and the hydrophilicity. The corrosion resistance is also remarkably enhanced. Display omitted
•Defects of cracks are modified by graphene oxide.•Surface roughness and hydrophilicity of the film decreased after graphene oxide addition.•Corrosion resistance of anticorrosion film is enhanced by graphene oxide.
Abstract
Objective
To assess the feasibility and safety of three-dimensional (3D) laparoscopic nephrectomy in combination with bench surgery and autotransplantation for treating highly complex renal ...tumors.
Materials and methods
The clinical data of six patients with highly complex renal cell carcinoma were collected. All patients underwent 3D laparoscopic nephrectomy in combination with bench surgery and autotransplantation by the same surgeons, two of them had previously undergone laparoscopic partial nephrectomy for contralateral renal cancer.
Results
The total operative time was 366 ± 65 min, the warm ischemia time (WIT) was 1.3 ± 0.4 min, and the cold ischemia time was 121 ± 26 min. While one patient received a diluted autologous blood transfusion, the intraoperative blood loss was 217 ± 194 ml. No increase in the serum creatinine (SCr) level was observed at postoperative day 30 compared with the preoperative time, and none of the patients received dialysis either during the hospital stay or to date. Although one patient underwent nephrectomy due to tumor recurrence in the transplanted kidney, the others reported no tumor recurrence or distant metastases on imaging to date.
Conclusion
3D laparoscopic nephrectomy, when combined with bench surgery and autotransplantation, can become a feasible option for treating highly complex renal cell carcinoma cases when expecting to preserve renal function maximally.
CONTEXTAutophagy-apoptosis is the core mechanism of doxorubicin-induced myocardial injury. miR-30a is a pivotal factor in the regulation of autophagy and apoptosis. It remains unclear whether SMI ...exerts cardioprotective effect by regulating autophagy and apoptosis via miR-30a.OBJECTIVEThis study evaluates the effects of SMI on ameliorating doxorubicin-induced myocardial injury.MATERIALS AND METHODSThe level of LDH and CK, and the expression of miR-30a was detected. mCherry-EGFP-LC3B double fluorescence was used to observe autophagy flow. Apoptosis was detected by Annexin V/PI staining. Western Blot was used to estimate the expression of autophagy related proteins and apoptosis-related proteins.RESULTSCompared with the control group, there were evidently decreased cell viability, elevated level of LDH and CK, down-regulated expression of miR-30a in the model group. Data from Western blot and fluorescence indicated that doxorubicin contributed to the elevated autophagy and apoptosis. Compared with the model group, there were increased cell viability, decreased level of LDH and CK, and up-regulated expression of miR-30a in the Shenmai group and the Shenmai + miR-30a inhibitor group. Meanwhile, the results manifested that there were suppressed autophagy flow accompanied by the down-regulated expression of Beclin-1, LC3-II, LC3-II/LC3-I and up-regulated expression of p62 protein, and declined apoptosis rate accompanied by the up-regulated Bcl2 expression and the down-regulated expression of Bax, Cleaved Caspase-9, Cleaved Caspase-9/Caspase-9, Cleaved Caspase-3, Cleaved Caspase-3/Caspase-3 in the Shenmai group and the Shenmai + miR-30a inhibitor group.DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONShenmai injection inhibited autophagy and apoptosis via miR-30a, thereby alleviating doxorubicin-induced myocardial injury.
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•Simple synthesis of high-performance green materials from tourmaline and ZnAl-LDH.•Tourmaline surface electric field can effectively separate photogenerated electron holes.•TLLDH0.2 ...composites have good photocatalytic removal of mixed pollutants.•The TLLDH0.2/PMS/Vis system was highly effective in treating real sugar-containing wastewater.•The toxicity of the intermediates of enediamine and tetracycline was systematically evaluated.
The photocatalytic reduction-induced activation of peroxymonosulfate (PMS) presents an eco-friendly and cost-effective approach for oxidatively degrading diverse organic pollutants in water. Nonetheless, the swift reconfiguration of photoinduced electron holes significantly hinders its overall efficiency. In this investigation, we present a novel photocatalytic persulfate activation system based on a ZnAl-LDH catalyst finely tuned by naturally polarized tourmaline (TL) minerals. The composite photocatalysts, TL/ZnAl-LDH, were employed to activate PMS for the simultaneous and efficient degradation of nitenpyram (NTP) and tetracycline hydrochloride (TC). In this system, the TL/ZnAl-LDH composite produced electrons and holes under light excitation. Subsequently, the photogenerated electrons from ZnAl-LDH on the TL surface activated PMS, leading to the formation of SO4-•. Some of the SO4-• further reacted with H2O/•OH to generate •OH. Ultimately, the NTP and TC were oxidized through the combined action of SO4-•, •OH and photoinduced holes. Under the optimal conditions in the presence of PMS, TL/ZnAl-LDH degraded completely both NTP and TC within 45 min, with a 17 % mineralization rate. The findings indicate that the polarized electric field of TL not only promoted the separation and migration of electron-holes in ZnAl-LDH but also optimized the electronic structure of ZnAl-LDH. This optimization resulted in enhanced light absorption and improved reduction capacity. This study innovatively developed a system for activating photocatalytic PMS by incorporating naturally polarized minerals. This introduced a novel approach to sustainable and cost-effective advanced oxidation processes for water treatment.
Sleep disturbance may exacerbate the risk of suicide among youth with depression, but whether this association is independent of psychopathology requires further study.
This cross-sectional study ...included 576 youths (13–25 years old) recruited from January 2022 to May 2023. The patients were first divided into two groups by the presence of suicidal ideation according to the Columbia-Suicide Severity Scale (C-SSRS). Sleep quality was assessed by the Athens Insomnia Scale (AIS) and mental health with the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAMD) and Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HAMA). Logistic regression was conducted to analyze the association between sleep disturbance and suicidal ideation, adjusted for depressive symptoms severity.
The suicidal ideation group exhibited more severe sleep disturbances, anxiety symptoms, and depressive symptoms than the non-suicidal ideation group. Pearson correlation showed that sleep disturbance (AIS) was significantly correlated with the severity of anxiety symptoms, depressive symptoms, and suicidal ideation. Logistic regression analysis revealed that the AIS factor “daytime dysfunction” (β = 0.145; OR = 1.156, 95 % CI: 1.02, 1.309; p = 0.023) was significantly associated with suicidal ideation after adjusting for demographic characteristics and depressive symptoms severity.
Due to the cross-sectional nature of the data, no causal inference can be made regarding the observed associations between sleep disturbance and suicidal ideation.
Sleep disturbance, particularly in the realm of daytime dysfunction, is associated with increased suicidal ideation among depressed youth. Clinicians need to assess and manage sleep disturbance in the context of suicidal ideation for young depression patients.
•Sleep disturbances are common in youth with depression•Youth with suicidal ideation have more severe depressive and anxiety symptoms•Individuals who experience suicidal ideation may have an increased burden of sleep disturbance and related issues•Sleep disturbance may be an important element of suicide risk assessment
Recent metabolomics and animal model studies show trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO), an intestinal microbiota-dependent metabolite formed from dietary trimethylamine-containing nutrients such as ...phosphatidylcholine (PC), choline, and carnitine, is linked to coronary artery disease pathogenesis. Our aim was to examine the prognostic value of systemic choline and betaine levels in stable cardiac patients.
We examined the relationship between fasting plasma choline and betaine levels and risk of major adverse cardiac events (MACE = death, myocardial infraction, stroke) in relation to TMAO over 3 years of follow-up in 3903 sequential stable subjects undergoing elective diagnostic coronary angiography. In our study cohort, median (IQR) TMAO, choline, and betaine levels were 3.7 (2.4-6.2)μM, 9.8 (7.9-12.2)μM, and 41.1 (32.5-52.1)μM, respectively. Modest but statistically significant correlations were noted between TMAO and choline (r = 0.33, P < 0.001) and less between TMAO and betaine (r = 0.09, P < 0.001). Higher plasma choline and betaine levels were associated with a 1.9-fold and 1.4-fold increased risk of MACE, respectively (Quartiles 4 vs. 1; P < 0.01, each). Following adjustments for traditional cardiovascular risk factors and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, elevated choline 1.34 (1.03-1.74), P < 0.05, and betaine levels 1.33 (1.03-1.73), P < 0.05 each predicted increased MACE risk. Neither choline nor betaine predicted MACE risk when TMAO was added to the adjustment model, and choline and betaine predicted future risk for MACE only when TMAO was elevated.
Elevated plasma levels of choline and betaine are each associated with incident MACE risk independent of traditional risk factors. However, high choline and betaine levels are only associated with higher risk of future MACE with concomitant increase in TMAO.
Diffusion MRI (dMRI) is a safe and noninvasive technique that provides insight into the microarchitecture of brain tissue. Relaxation-diffusion MRI (rdMRI) is an extension of traditional dMRI that ...captures diffusion imaging data at multiple TEs to detect tissue heterogeneity between relaxation and diffusivity. rdMRI has great potential in neurosurgical research including brain tumor grading and treatment response evaluation. However, the lack of available data has limited the exploration of rdMRI in clinical settings. To address this, we are sharing a high-quality rdMRI dataset from 18 neurosurgical patients with different types of lesions, as well as two healthy individuals as controls. The rdMRI data was acquired using 7 TEs, where at each TE multi-shell dMRI with high spatial and angular resolutions is obtained at each TE. Each rdMRI scan underwent thorough artifact and distortion corrections using a specially designed processing pipeline. The dataset's quality was assessed using standard practices, including quality control and assurance. This resource is a valuable addition to neurosurgical studies, and all data are openly accessible.
Solution‐processed lead halide perovskites (LHPs) hold great promise for low‐cost high‐performance solar cells and light‐emitting devices, but they also suffer from a serious operating instability ...problem due to the ionic migration and lattice decomposition driven by strong electric fields. Here, considerably suppressed ionic migration and enhanced lattice stability in LHPs with partial substitution of Pb with 3d transition metal (TM: Mn and Ni) are reported. It is experimentally shown that the energy barrier for ionic migration in CsPbBr3 can be increased fourfold by Mn and Ni substitution, even with a small doping level (<4%). However, post‐TM Zn and non‐TM Bi incorporations are less efficient in suppressing ionic migration. The theoretical results reveal that Ni and Mn ions with partially filled 3d orbitals can passivate the active lone‐pair electron of surrounding Pb‐Br octahedrons via a coordination effect and reduce the Pb 6s‐Br 4p antibonding states, resulting in long‐range lattice stabilization and suppressed ionic migration. The Ni incorporation strategy in mixed‐halogen CsPbBr1.5I1.5 is further demonstrated, for which the field‐driven halogen segregation is significantly mitigated and the associated emission color variation is reduced sixfold. This study paves the way for improving the operating stability in LHP‐based optoelectronic and electronic devices.
Transition metals with partially filled 3d orbitals such as Ni and Mn are incorporated into CsPbBr3 and CsPbBr1.5I1.5 perovskites to passivate the lone‐pair electrons in Pb 6s‐halogen p antibonding states via a coordination effect, which enhances the metal‐halogen bond strength and consequently leads to a fourfold increase in the ionic migration energy barrier and sixfold reduction in emission color variation.
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