Sulfonamides (SAs) are widespread in soils, and their dissipation behavior is important for their fate, risk assessment, and pollution control. In this work, we investigated the dissipation behavior ...of different SAs in a soil under aerobic condition, focusing on revealing the relationship between overall dissipation (without sterilization and in dark) and individual abiotic (sorption, hydrolysis)/biotic (with sterilization and in dark) factors and taxonomy/function of microbiomes. The results showed that dissipation of all SAs in the soil followed the pseudo-first-order kinetic model with dissipation time at 50% removal (DT50) of 2.16–15.27 days. Based on, experimentally, abiotic/biotic processes and, theoretically, partial least-squares modeling, a relationship between overall dissipation and individual abiotic/biotic factors was developed with microbial degradation as the dominant contributor. Metagenomic analysis showed that taxonomic genera like Bradyrhizobium/Sphingomonas/Methyloferula and functions like CAZy family GT51/GH23/GT2, eggNOG category S, KEGG pathway ko02024/ko02010, and KEGG ortholog K01999/K03088 are putatively involved in SA microbial degradation in soil. Spearman correlation suggests abundant genera being multifunctional. This study provides some new insights into SA dissipation and can be applied to other antibiotics/soils in the future.
Solution‐processed lead halide perovskites (LHPs) hold great promise for low‐cost high‐performance solar cells and light‐emitting devices, but they also suffer from a serious operating instability ...problem due to the ionic migration and lattice decomposition driven by strong electric fields. Here, considerably suppressed ionic migration and enhanced lattice stability in LHPs with partial substitution of Pb with 3d transition metal (TM: Mn and Ni) are reported. It is experimentally shown that the energy barrier for ionic migration in CsPbBr3 can be increased fourfold by Mn and Ni substitution, even with a small doping level (<4%). However, post‐TM Zn and non‐TM Bi incorporations are less efficient in suppressing ionic migration. The theoretical results reveal that Ni and Mn ions with partially filled 3d orbitals can passivate the active lone‐pair electron of surrounding Pb‐Br octahedrons via a coordination effect and reduce the Pb 6s‐Br 4p antibonding states, resulting in long‐range lattice stabilization and suppressed ionic migration. The Ni incorporation strategy in mixed‐halogen CsPbBr1.5I1.5 is further demonstrated, for which the field‐driven halogen segregation is significantly mitigated and the associated emission color variation is reduced sixfold. This study paves the way for improving the operating stability in LHP‐based optoelectronic and electronic devices.
Transition metals with partially filled 3d orbitals such as Ni and Mn are incorporated into CsPbBr3 and CsPbBr1.5I1.5 perovskites to passivate the lone‐pair electrons in Pb 6s‐halogen p antibonding states via a coordination effect, which enhances the metal‐halogen bond strength and consequently leads to a fourfold increase in the ionic migration energy barrier and sixfold reduction in emission color variation.
Given the rising prevalence of high fasting plasma glucose (HFPG) over the past three decades, it is crucial to assess its global, national, and regional impact on chronic kidney disease (CKD). This ...study aims to investigate the burden of CKD attributed to HFPG and its distribution across various levels.
The data for this research was sourced from the Global Burden of Diseases Study 2019. To estimate the burden of CKD attributed to HFPG, we utilized DisMod-MR 2.1, a Bayesian meta-regression tool. The burden was measured using age-standardized mortality rate (ASMR) and age-standardized disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) rate. Correlation analysis was performed using the Spearman rank order correlation method. Temporal trends were analyzed by estimating the estimated annual percentage change (EAPC).
Globally in 2019, there were a total of 487.97 thousand deaths and 13,093.42 thousand DALYs attributed to CKD attributed to HFPG, which represent a substantial increase of 153.8% and 120%, respectively, compared to 1990. Over the period from 1990 to 2019, the burden of CKD attributable to HFPG increased across all regions, with the highest increases observed in regions with high socio-demographic index (SDI) and middle SDI. Regions with lower SDI exhibited higher ASMR and age-standardized DALYs (ASDR) compared to developed nations at the regional level. Additionally, the EAPC values, which indicate the rate of increase, were significantly higher in these regions compared to developed nations. Notably, high-income North America, belonging to the high SDI regions, experienced the greatest increase in both ASMR and ASDR over the past three decades. Furthermore, throughout the years from 1990 to 2019, males bore a greater burden of CKD attributable to HFPG.
With an increasing population and changing dietary patterns, the burden of CKD attributed to HFPG is expected to worsen. From 1990 to 2019, males and developing regions have experienced a more significant burden. Notably, the EAPC values for both ASMR and ASDR were higher in males and regions with lower SDI (excluding high-income North America). This emphasizes the pressing requirement for effective interventions to reduce the burden of CKD attributable to HFPG.
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•Simple synthesis of high-performance green materials from tourmaline and ZnAl-LDH.•Tourmaline surface electric field can effectively separate photogenerated electron holes.•TLLDH0.2 ...composites have good photocatalytic removal of mixed pollutants.•The TLLDH0.2/PMS/Vis system was highly effective in treating real sugar-containing wastewater.•The toxicity of the intermediates of enediamine and tetracycline was systematically evaluated.
The photocatalytic reduction-induced activation of peroxymonosulfate (PMS) presents an eco-friendly and cost-effective approach for oxidatively degrading diverse organic pollutants in water. Nonetheless, the swift reconfiguration of photoinduced electron holes significantly hinders its overall efficiency. In this investigation, we present a novel photocatalytic persulfate activation system based on a ZnAl-LDH catalyst finely tuned by naturally polarized tourmaline (TL) minerals. The composite photocatalysts, TL/ZnAl-LDH, were employed to activate PMS for the simultaneous and efficient degradation of nitenpyram (NTP) and tetracycline hydrochloride (TC). In this system, the TL/ZnAl-LDH composite produced electrons and holes under light excitation. Subsequently, the photogenerated electrons from ZnAl-LDH on the TL surface activated PMS, leading to the formation of SO4-•. Some of the SO4-• further reacted with H2O/•OH to generate •OH. Ultimately, the NTP and TC were oxidized through the combined action of SO4-•, •OH and photoinduced holes. Under the optimal conditions in the presence of PMS, TL/ZnAl-LDH degraded completely both NTP and TC within 45 min, with a 17 % mineralization rate. The findings indicate that the polarized electric field of TL not only promoted the separation and migration of electron-holes in ZnAl-LDH but also optimized the electronic structure of ZnAl-LDH. This optimization resulted in enhanced light absorption and improved reduction capacity. This study innovatively developed a system for activating photocatalytic PMS by incorporating naturally polarized minerals. This introduced a novel approach to sustainable and cost-effective advanced oxidation processes for water treatment.
N-spirocyclic cations possess double-cyclic non-planar structure that exhibit the highest alkali stability among quaternary ammonium cations, however, the extremely rigidity usually causes fragile ...membranes and poor conductivity. In this work, a rod-coil grafts design is proposed for N-spirocyclic anion exchange membranes (AEMs), in which microphase separation of the hydrophilic N-spirocyclic rod grafts is significantly improved by the hydrophobic aggregation of the flexible alkyl coil grafts with polysulfone backbone. Molecular dynamic simulations indicate that the coil grafts contribute to microphase separation but fill in free volume to reduce water reservoir, therefore the rod-coil grafts design provides a way to evaluate the effects of microphase separation and free volume on conductivity. The increasing conductivity with the length of coil grafts suggests a greater contribution of good microphase separation to OH− conduction. With optimized n-octylamine hydrophobic coil graft length, the N-spirocyclic AEM exhibits toughness (elongation at break of about 28.7%) and high OH− conductivity (136.2 mS cm−1 at 80 °C), resulting in high power density (850.1 mW cm−2), which is far greater than that assemble with other N-spirocyclic AEMs, and also bring N-spirocyclic AEMs into the top level of the cycloaliphatic AEMs reported in literatures.
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•Rod-coil grafts for robust, high conductive and alkali stable N-spirocyclic AEMs.•Coil grafts join aggregation of hydrophobic domains to enhance microphase separation.•Microphase separation contributes greater than free volume to promote conductivity.•Highest power density is achieved among different N-spirocyclic based fuel cells.
In this study, a multi-layer metal-oxide-semiconductor capacitor (MLMOSC) polarization insensitive modulator is proposed. The design is validated by numerical simulation with commercial software ...LUMERICAL SOLUTION. Based on the epsilon-near-zero (ENZ) effect of indium tin oxide (ITO), the device manages to uniformly modulate both the transverse electric (TE) and the transverse magnetic (TM) modes. With a 20μm-long double-layer metal-oxide-semiconductor capacitor (DLMOSC) polarization insensitive modulator, in which two metal-oxide-semiconductor (MOS) structures are formed by the n-doped Si/HfO
/ITO/HfO
/ n-doped Si stack, the extinction ratios (ERs) of both the TE and the TM modes can be over 20dB. The polarization dependent losses of the device can be as low as 0.05dB for the "OFF" state and 0.004dB for the "ON" state. Within 1dB polarization dependent loss, the device can operate with over 20dB ERs at the S, C, and L bands. The polarization insensitive modulator offers various merits including ultra-compact size, broadband spectrum, and complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) compatibility.
Owing to the relentless growth of sewage sludge production, achieving low-carbon development in sewage sludge treatment and disposal (STD) is becoming increasingly challenging and unpredictable. ...However, the STD varied spatially, and city-specific analysis is deemed necessary for sustainable evaluation. Therefore, a lifecycle-based greenhouse gas (GHG), energy, and economic analysis were conducted by considering six local STD alternatives in Wuhan City, China, as a case study. The findings indicated anaerobic digestion combined with digestate utilization for urban greening (ADL) and incineration in existing power plants (INCP) exhibited the least GHG emissions at 34.073 kg CO2 eq/FU and 644.128 kg CO2 eq/FU, while INCP generated the most energy at −2594 kW.h/FU. The economic evaluation revealed that ADL and INCP were more beneficial without accounting for land acquisition. Scenario analysis showed that the energy recovery from ADL and INCP is significantly influenced by the hydrolysis yielding rate and sludge organic content. Perturbation sensitivity indicates that regional emission factor of electricity and electricity fee highly influence the overall GHG emission and cost. The results of this study could assist policymakers in identifying viable solutions to the cities experiencing the same sludge treatment burdens.
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•Sludge management in Wuhan was comprehensively evaluated.•ADL and INCP are more sustainable for GHG reduction and economic viability.•LF had the highest GHG emissions and was the least favorable option in Wuhan.•ADL performs better if economic, GHG, and energy aspects are given equal priority.•ADL, INCP, CMT, and LFG were competitive due to energy recovery utilization.
Low-aluminium Zn-Al-Mg alloys (Al content is 1–3 %) were expected to be widely used in automotive panels due to their good coating properties and surface quality. However, the effect of Mg on the ...microstructure and corrosion resistance of Zn-Al-Mg alloys has not been studied thoroughly enough. In order to investigate the corrosion resistance law of Mg on Zn3Al alloys. The microstructure and corrosion resistance of Zn-3Al-xMg (x = 0.5, 1, 2, 3 wt%) alloys were investigated in the present work. The ternary eutectic (Zn/Al/MgZn2) in the microstructure increased, and the Al-rich phase disappeared with increasing Mg. The grains were also refined. The maximum ratio of ternary eutectic in the alloy was achieved by controlling the Mg content, contributing to the most favourable corrosion resistance. The electrochemical and corrosion behaviour analysis indicated that the Zn-3Al-2Mg alloy exhibited superior corrosion resistance due to the lower presence of Al-rich phases and a larger ternary eutectic area. However, the ternary eutectic in the alloy was completely transformed into Zn/Al/Mg2Zn11 when the Mg was 3 %, leading to decreased corrosion resistance. The corrosion resistance mechanisms of Zn-3Al-xMg were analyzed and discussed by studying the microstructure changes, electrochemical analysis, corrosion morphology, and products of the Zn-3Al-xMg alloy.
•The mechanism of the effect of Mg content on the corrosion resistance of low-aluminium Zn-Al-Mg alloys was revealed.•The ternary eutectic was found to be completely transformed into Zn/Al/Mg2Zn11 at 3% Mg content.•By controlling the Mg content to achieve the maximum Zn/Al/MgZn2 ternary eutectic ratio in the alloy.•The addition of 2% Mg gives the greatest increase in corrosion resistance of the Zn3Al alloy.
•OJP1 can maintain the antioxidant enzyme levels and alleviate the heart injury in diabetic rats.•OJP1 can improve cardiovascular performance against the injurious effects of diabetes.•OJP1 might ...serve as a potential natural plant-derived drug or functional food for the prevention and/or alleviation the cardiovascular complication in Diabetes mellitus.
Ophiopogon japonicus (Thunb.) Ker-Gawl is a well known traditional Chinese medicine used to treat cardiovascular and chronic inflammatory diseases for thousands of years. The present study was set up to investigate the protective effects of O. japonicus polysaccharide (OJP1) on cardiovascular injuries in diabetic rats. Results showed that OJP1 significantly reduced the MDA concentration and increased the activities of GPx, CAT and SOD in heart of diabetic rats. The levels of AGE, hs-CRP, sICAM-1, NO and ET-1 in diabetic rats were significantly reversed by OJP1 treatment. In addition, the level of ET-1 mRNA was decreased significantly, whereas eNOS mRNA level was increased after administration of OJP1. Meanwhile, the histopathological analysis showed that OJP1 alleviates the heart injury in diabetic rats. Together, these results suggest that OJP1 maintains the antioxidant enzyme levels and improves cardiovascular performance in diabetic rats.
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