The article studies the location of the Biblical Eden on the basis of ancient sources. Along with the biblical texts the author uses the achievements of modern researchers from related fields. It has ...been established that in prehistoric times the Persian Gulf received the rivers Euphrates, Tigris, Karun, Wadi-al-Batin, which became the prototype of the rivers mentioned in the Biblical Book of Genesis – Pison, Gihon, Hiddekel, Prat. The author determined localization of Eden and Paradise Garden in the Persian Gulf basin on the basis of the studied materials. Exactly this region corresponds to the Eden location in prehistoric times and explains the biblical Flood. The proposed article, together with other studies on this issue, allows us to take a fresh look at the development of ancient civilizations.
The paper studies the location of the Dilmun region based on ancient sources. Along with the Sumerian and ancient Greek sources the achievements of modern researchers from related fields are ...involved. It has been established that the Euphrates and Tigris rivers discharged into the Persian Gulf during the time of the Sumerian civilization. Therefore, based on the materials studied, the author determined the localization of Dilmun Island around Sanam Mountain, located in the southern part of the Iraqi province of Basra. It is this area that corresponds to the existence of Dilmun both in prehistoric times and in ancient times. The proposed article together with other studies on this issue allows to take a fresh look at the development of the Sumerian civilization.
Based on the story of the navigator Wulfstan the article studies the location of Truso city. Along with the historical source “King Alfred’s Orosius”, the achievements of modern researchers from ...related fields are involved. It has been established that at the time of Wulfstan there was no Elbląg River and Lake Druzno was a bay of the Vistula Lagoon. In addition, linguists found out that the first letter of the hydronym ‘d’ could not turn into ‘t’. Therefore, basing of the studied materials, the author determined the localization of the medieval Truso in the area of the modern Polish city Tczew. It is this point that corresponds to the description of Wulfstan’s route. The etymology of the toponym, which goes back to the Baltic basis, expressed by the archaic term “traušas”, meaning “solid ledge, pier, port”, is considered. Also, the etymology of “Witland” – wetland, “Ilfing” – white, swampy river is disclosed. The proposed article, together with other studies on this issue, allows taking a fresh look at the trade routes of medieval Europe, at the relations of the Slavs, Prussians and Vikings.
The article deals with the etymology of toponyms “Rome”, “Italy” and Etruscan toponyms. The author concludes that the modern toponymic model of Rome, its environs and the Etruscan region were formed ...in the Celtic-speaking environment. The meanings of toponyms reflect the geographical features of the area and the architectural features of fortified cities. The results of the study allow us to take a fresh look at the migration processes of the pre-Roman era on the Apennine Peninsula.
The article is devoted to the linguistic analysis of Scandinavian hydronyms. The origin of the names of major rivers in Norway and Sweden are considered. It is determined that the etymology of the ...studied hydronyms has an explanation in the Celtic and Baltic language environment. Moreover, each language area has its own territory of distribution. The names of rivers have an etymology related to such concepts as “a river”, “a riverbed”, “a stream”, “a current”. Hydronyms are represented by the third person singular verb. The proposed article makes it possible to clarify the archaeological and historical aspects of ancient people migration on the Scandinavian Peninsula.
Based on the historical evidence of Greek, Roman and Byzantine authors the paper studies the location of ancient colonial cities on the Taman Peninsula. A comprehensive study of geographical objects ...indicated in ancient documents makes it possible to determine their localization. The routes of sea travel along the Black Sea coast have been studied. The analysis of the mentioned landmarks made it possible to find out the localization of the cities and regions of Phanagoria, Germonass, Sindik, Tamatarkha/Tmutorokan and others. It is concluded that the original Greek colonization of the Taman Peninsula was carried out from the south, and in the Middle Ages the center moved to the shores of the Taman Bay. The proposed article gives a new impetus to the study of the archaeological data of the region under consideration.
The article points out that the horseshoe became the basis of the Rurik Dynasty’s Bident. This thing acted as an attribute of economic, legal and political identification of the owner of a horse. A ...suggestion was made that a Bident could come to Russia from a territory where a horse cult and a friendly culture were present. The region that meets this requirement could be the Baltic.
