Quantum critical behavior in heavy electron materials is typically brought about by changes in pressure or magnetic field. In this paper, we develop a simple unified model for the combined influence ...of pressure and magnetic field on the effectiveness of the hybridization that plays a central role in the two-fluid description of heavy electron emergence. We show that it leads to quantum critical and delocalization lines that accord well with those measured for CeCoIn ₅, yields a quantitative explanation of the field and pressure-induced changes in antiferromagnetic ordering and quantum critical behavior measured for YbRh ₂Si ₂, and provides a valuable framework for describing the role of magnetic fields in bringing about quantum critical behavior in other heavy electron materials.
The integrated system of microbial electrosynthesis (MES) coupled with chain elongation has been considered a promising platform for carboxylic acids production. However, this biotechnology is still ...in its infancy, and many limitations are needed to be transcended, such as low electron transfer efficiency between cathode and microbes. In this study, nano zero-valent iron (NZVI) was employed to improve carboxylic acid production in the integrated system, and the promotion mechanisms were revealed. Results suggested that the highest production concentrations of acetate, butyrate, and caproate were observed at 7.5 g/L optimized NZVI dosage, increasing the total yield and coulomb efficiency by 23.7 % and 40.3 % compared to the control. Mechanism studies indicated that the hydrogen and electron released by the anaerobic corrosion of NZVI could be used as additional reducing equivalents, thereby enhancing the electron transfer performance. Besides, NZVI was also proven to facilitate the formation of electroactive biofilms according to the results of biofilm characterization and total DNA. In functional microbes' respect, the moderate NZVI enriched the chain elongator in biofilm, like Clostridium_sensu-stricto_12, and upregulated the activities of key enzymes of homoacetogenesis and chain elongation metabolic pathways, like carbon-monoxide dehydrogenase and hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydratase. This study provided the evidence and revealed how NZVI assisted carboxylic acid production from CO2 via chain elongation in MES.
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•NZVI anaerobic corrosion devoted additional electron for chain elongation.•Biofilm redox capacity was enhanced by attached NZVI and aged NZVI particles.•NZVI facilitated biofilm shaping with homoacetogenic and chain-elongating bacteria.•Microbial distribution was regulated in response to different NZVI dosages.•Moderate NZVI upregulated the key enzymes expression related to WL and RBO pathways.
Atopic dermatitis is a chronic, relapsing form of inflammatory skin disorder that is affected by genetic and environmental factors. We performed a genome-wide association study of atopic dermatitis ...in a Chinese Han population using 1,012 affected individuals (cases) and 1,362 controls followed by a replication study in an additional 3,624 cases and 12,197 controls of Chinese Han ethnicity, as well as 1,806 cases and 3,256 controls from Germany. We identified previously undescribed susceptibility loci at 5q22.1 (TMEM232 and SLC25A46, rs7701890, Pcombined = 3.15 × 10−9, odds ratio (OR) = 1.24) and 20q13.33 (TNFRSF6B and ZGPAT, rs6010620, Pcombined = 3.0 × 10−8, OR = 1.17) and replicated another previously reported locus at 1q21.3 (FLG, rs3126085, Pcombined = 5.90 × 10−12, OR = 0.82) in the Chinese sample. The 20q13.33 locus also showed evidence for association in the German sample (rs6010620, P = 2.87 × 10−5, OR = 1.25). Our study identifies new genetic susceptibility factors and suggests previously unidentified biological pathways in atopic dermatitis.
Staphylococcus aureus is one of the most important human pathogens, causing more than 500,000 infections in the United States each year. Traditional methods for bacterial culture and identification ...take several days, wasting precious time for patients who are suffering severe bacterial infections. Numerous nucleic acid-based detection methods have been introduced to address this deficiency; however, the costs and requirement for expensive equipment may limit the widespread use of such technologies. Thus, there is an unmet demand of new platform technology to improve the bacterial detection and identification in clinical practice. In this study, we developed a rapid, ultra-sensitive, low cost, and non-polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based method for bacterial identification. Using this method, which measures the resonance light-scattering signal of aptamer-conjugated gold nanoparticles, we successfully detected single S. aureus cell within 1.5 hours. This new platform technology may have potential to develop a rapid and sensitive bacterial testing at point-of-care.
Glycolysis inhibitors are promising therapeutic drugs for tumor treatment, which target the uniquely elevated glucose metabolism of cancer cells. Butyrate is a critical product of beneficial microbes ...in the colon, which exerts extraordinary anti-cancer activities. In particular, butyrate shows biased inhibitory effects on the cell growth of cancerous colonocytes, whereas it is the major energy source for normal colonocytes. Besides its roles as the histone deacetylases (HDACs) inhibitor and the ligand for G-protein coupled receptor (GPR) 109a, the influence of butyrate on the glucose metabolism of cancerous colonocytes and the underlying molecular mechanism are not fully understood. Here, we show that butyrate markedly inhibited glucose transport and glycolysis of colorectal cancer cells, through reducing the abundance of membrane GLUT1 and cytoplasmic G6PD, which was regulated by the GPR109a-AKT signaling pathway. Moreover, butyrate significantly promoted the chemotherapeutical efficacy of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) on cancerous colonocytes, with exacerbated impairment of DNA synthesis efficiency. Our findings provide useful information to better understand the molecular basis for the impact of butyrate on the glucose metabolism of colorectal cancer cells, which would promote the development of beneficial metabolites of gut microbiota as therapeutical or adjuvant anti-cancer drugs.
ObjectivesOpioid-free anaesthesia (OFA) has emerged as a promising approach for mitigating the adverse effects associated with opioids. The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of OFA ...on postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) following video-assisted thoracic surgery.DesignSingle-centre randomised controlled trial.SettingTertiary hospital in Shanghai, China.ParticipantsPatients undergoing video-assisted thoracic surgery were recruited from September 2021 to June 2022.InterventionPatients were randomly allocated to OFA or traditional general anaesthesia with a 1:1 allocation ratio.Primary and secondary outcome measuresThe primary outcome measure was the incidence of PONV within 48 hours post-surgery, and the secondary outcomes included PONV severity, postoperative pain, haemodynamic changes during anaesthesia, and length of stay (LOS) in the recovery ward and hospital.ResultsA total of 86 and 88 patients were included in the OFA and control groups, respectively. Two patients were excluded because of severe adverse events including extreme bradycardia and epilepsy-like convulsion. The incidence and severity of PONV did not significantly differ between the two groups (29 patients (33.0%) in the control group and 22 patients (25.6%) in the OFA group; relative risk 0.78, 95% CI 0.49 to 1.23; p=0.285). Notably, the OFA approach used was associated with an increase in heart rate (89±17 vs 77±15 beats/min, t-test: p<0.001; U test: p<0.001) and diastolic blood pressure (87±17 vs 80±13 mm Hg, t-test: p=0.003; U test: p=0.004) after trachea intubation. Conversely, the control group exhibited more median hypotensive events per patient (mean 0.5±0.8 vs 1.0±2.0, t-test: p=0.02; median 0 (0–4) vs 0 (0–15), U test: p=0.02) during surgery. Postoperative pain scores, and LOS in the recovery ward and hospital did not significantly differ between the two groups.ConclusionsOur study findings suggest that the implementation of OFA does not effectively reduce the incidence of PONV following thoracic surgery when compared with traditional total intravenous anaesthesia. The opioid-free strategy used in our study may be associated with severe adverse cardiovascular events.Trial registration numberChiCTR2100050738.
Abstract
A mitochondrion is a semiautonomous organelle that provides energy for life activities and balances plant growth and stress responses. Abscisic acid (ABA) regulates multiple physiological ...processes, including seed maturation, seed dormancy, stomatal closure and various abiotic stress responses. However, the relationship between mitochondrial activity and the ABA response is unclear. In this study, an Arabidopsis mutant, ssb1-1, was isolated because of its hypersensitivity toward ABA. Assessment results showed that ABA negatively regulates the expression of Arabidopsis SSB1. Mutations in ABA-insensitive 4 (ABI4) and ABI5, genes of key transcription factors involved in ABA-dependent seed dormancy, attenuated the ABA sensitivity of ssb1-1 during germination, suggesting that Arabidopsis SSB1 may act as a regulator in ABA response. Inhibition of endogenous ABA biosynthesis reversed the NaCl-sensitive phenotype of the ssb1-1 mutant, indicating that enhanced ABA biosynthesis is critical for the salinity stress response of ssb1-1. Moreover, compared to that of the wild type, ssb1-1 accumulated more reactive oxygen species (ROS) and exhibited increased sensitivity to the application of exogenous H2O2 during seed germination. SSB1 is also required for mitochondrial RNA splicing, as indicated by the result showing that SSB1 loss of function led to a decreased splicing efficiency of nad1 intron1 and nad2 intron1. Taken together, our data reported here provide insights into a novel role of Arabidopsis SSB1 in ABA signaling and mitochondrial RNA splicing.
We study the slow-roll inflation driven by a scalar field with a power-law potential and the reheating within the framework of f(T)-gravity. We find that f(T)-gravity will suppress the ...tensor-to-scalar ratio, and thus some inflation models, which are inconsistent with the latest cosmic microwave background radiation (CMB) data in the framework of general relativity, may become compatible with the CMB observations. With a relation between the inflation and reheating parameters constructed by considering the expansion history of the pivot CMB scale, we obtain the allowed ranges of reheating parameters. Using the condition that the reheating e−folding number must be smaller than that of the inflation, we find that the reheating process suppress the allowed range of parameter which characterizes the deviation of f(T)-gravity from general relativity.
Thulium laser resection of the prostate (TmLRP), a major treatment for benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), has several postoperative complications that affect the patients' quality of life. The aim ...of this study was to investigate the effect of the M1 macrophage-secreted reactive oxygen species (ROS) on prostatic wound healing, and the role of MAPK signaling in this process. A co-culture model in vitro was established using macrophages and prostate epithelial or stromal cells. Cell proliferation, migration, apoptosis, MAPK pathway-related gene expression levels were evaluated by standard assays. In addition, an in vivo model of prostatectomy was established in beagles by subjecting them to TmLRP, and were either treated with N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC) and or placebo. Wound healing and re-epithelialization were analyzed histopathologically in both groups, in addition to macrophage polarization, oxidative stress levels and MAPK pathway-related proteins expressions. Intracellular ROS levels were significantly increased in the prostate epithelial and stromal cells following co-culture with M1-like macrophages and H2O2 exposure via MAPK activation, which affected their proliferation, migration and apoptosis, and delayed the wound healing process. The cellular functions and wound healing capacity of the prostate cells were restored by blocking or clearing the macrophage-secreted ROS. In the beagle model, increased ROS levels impaired cellular functions, and appropriate removing ROS accelerated the wound healing process.
•ROS hindered the healing of prostatic wound caused by prostatectomy.•ROS impacted proliferation and migration of prostate epithelial and stromal cells.•ROS affected the prostatic wound healing via MAPKs signaling pathways.•ROS scavengers could decrease the ROS level and accelerate wound healing.
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