The emergence of antibiotic resistance in pathogenic bacteria has become a global threat, encouraging the adoption of efficient and effective alternatives to conventional antibiotics and promoting ...their use as replacements. Titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO.sub.2 NPs) have been reported to exhibit antibacterial properties. In this study, we synthesized and characterized TiO.sub.2 NPs in anatase and rutile forms with surface modification by geraniol (GER). The crystallinity and morphology of modified TiO.sub.2 NPs were analyzed by UV/Vis spectrophotometry, X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with elemental mapping (EDS). The antimicrobial activity of TiO.sub.2 NPs with geraniol was assessed against Staphylococcus aureus, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), and Escherichia coli. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of modified NPs ranged from 0.25 to 1.0 mg/ml against all bacterial strains, and the live dead assay and fractional inhibitory concentration (FIC) supported the antibacterial properties of TiO.sub.2 NPs with GER. Moreover, TiO.sub.2 NPs with GER also showed a significant decrease in the biofilm thickness of MRSA. Our results suggest that TiO.sub.2 NPs with GER offer a promising alternative to antibiotics, particularly for controlling antibiotic-resistant strains. The surface modification of TiO.sub.2 NPs by geraniol resulted in enhanced antibacterial properties against multiple bacterial strains, including antibiotic-resistant MRSA. The potential applications of modified TiO.sub.2 NPs in the biomedical and environmental fields warrant further investigation.
Parylene-based implants or coatings introduce surfaces suffering from bacteria colonization. Here, we synthesized polyvinylpyrrolidone-stabilized selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) as the antibacterial ...agent, and various approaches are studied for their reproducible adsorption, and thus the modification of parylene-C-coated glass substrate. The nanoparticle deposition process is optimized in the nanoparticle concentration to obtain evenly distributed NPs on the flat parylene-C surface. Moreover, the array of parylene-C micropillars is fabricated by the plasma etching of parylene-C on a silicon wafer, and the surface is modified with SeNPs. All designed surfaces are tested against two bacterial pathogens,
(Gram-negative) and
(Gram-positive). The results show no antibacterial effect toward
, while some bacteriostatic effect is observed for
on the flat and microstructured parylene. However, SeNPs did not enhance the antibacterial effect against both bacteria. Additionally, all designed surfaces show cytotoxic effects toward mesenchymal stem cells at high SeNP deposition. These results provide valuable information about the potential antibacterial treatment of widely used parylene-C in biomedicine.
A long-term exposure of bacteria to zinc oxide and zinc oxide nanoparticles leads to major alterations in bacterial morphology and physiology. These included biochemical and physiological processes ...promoting the emergence of strains with multi-drug resistance and virulence traits. After the removal of zinc pressure, bacterial phenotype reversed back to the original state; however, certain changes at the genomic, transcriptomic, and proteomic level remained. Why is this important? The extensive and intensive use of supplements in animal feed effects the intestinal microbiota of livestock and this may negatively impact the health of animals and people. Therefore, it is crucial to understand and monitor the impact of feed supplements on intestinal microorganisms in order to adequately assess and prevent potential health risks.
The objective of the study was to assess cytotoxicity (based on the dimethylthiazol–diphenyltetrazolium bromide cell viability assay) and antimicrobial effects of poly(lactictide-co-glycolide) ...nanoparticles with entrapped mupirocin (PLGA/MUP NPs) on
Staphylococcus aureus
and methicillin-resistant
S. aureus
(MRSA) strains using a disk-diffusion method, cryo-scanning electron microscopy (cryo-SEM) and fluorescence microscopy. Based on the evaluation of the growth curve, PLGA/MUP NPs inhibited growth of the both tested strains already at a concentration of 0.29 µg/ml, and their inhibitory effect at concentrations from 0.29 to 1.17 µg/ml was comparable with free MUP using the disk-diffusion method. PLGA/MUP NPs also tended to increase the abundance of the dead cells of MRSA, but not of
S. aureus
, in comparison with free MUP when evaluated by fluorescence microscopy. Further, cryo-SEM evaluation demonstrated an antibacterial-inhibitory effect of PLGA/MUP NPs on
S. aureus
in a dose-dependent manner. On the other hand, PLGA/MUP NPs cytotoxic activity tended to be substantially lower in comparison with both free MUP and empty PLGA NPs. It can be concluded that the excellent biocompatibility and satisfactory antibacterial effects of PLGA/MUP NPs constitute a suitable alternative as far as cutaneous wound healing is concerned.
Materials used for orthopedic implants should not only have physical properties close to those of bones, durability and biocompatibility, but should also exhibit a sufficient degree of antibacterial ...functionality. Due to its excellent properties, titanium is still a widely used material for production of orthopedic implants, but the unmodified material exhibits poor antibacterial activity. In this work, the physicochemical characteristics, such as chemical composition, crystallinity, wettability, roughness, and release of Ti ions of the titanium surface modified with nanotubular layers were analyzed and its antibacterial activity against two biofilm-forming bacterial strains responsible for prosthetic joint infection (Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) was investigated. Electrochemical anodization (anodic oxidation) was used to prepare two types of nanotubular arrays with nanotubes differing in dimensions (with diameters of 73 and 118 nm and lengths of 572 and 343 nm, respectively). These two surface types showed similar chemistry, crystallinity, and surface energy. The surface with smaller nanotube diameter (TNT-73) but larger values of roughness parameters was more effective against S. aureus. For P. aeruginosa the sample with a larger nanotube diameter (TNT-118) had better antibacterial effect with proven cell lysis. Antibacterial properties of titanium nanotubular surfaces with potential in implantology, which in our previous work demonstrated a positive effect on the behavior of human gingival fibroblasts, were investigated in terms of surface parameters. The interplay between nanotube diameter and roughness appeared critical for the bacterial fate on nanotubular surfaces. The relationship of nanotube diameter, values of roughness parameters, and other surface properties to bacterial behavior is discussed in detail. The study is believed to shed more light on how nanotubular surface parameters and their interplay affect antibacterial activity.
Titanium miniplates are biocompatible materials used in modern oral and maxillofacial surgery to treat facial bone fractures. However, plate removal is often required due to implant complications. ...Among them, a biofilm formation on an infected miniplate is associated with severe inflammation, which frequently results in implant failure. In light of this, new strategies to control or treat oral bacterial biofilm are of high interest. Herein, the authors exploit the ability of nanorobots against multispecies bacterial biofilm grown onto facial commercial titanium miniplate implants to simulate pathogenic conditions of the oral microenvironment. The strategy is based on the use of light‐driven self‐propelled tubular black‐TiO2/Ag nanorobots, that unlike traditional ones, exhibit an extended absorption and motion actuation from UV to the visible‐light range. The motion analysis is performed separately over UV, blue, and green light irradiation and shows different motion behaviors, including a fast rotational motion that decreases with increasing wavelengths. The biomass reduction is monitored by evaluating LIVE/DEAD fluorescent and digital microscope images of bacterial biofilm treated with the nanorobots under motion/no‐motion conditions. The current study and the obtained results can bring significant improvements for effective therapy of infected metallic miniplates by biofilm.
Light‐driven self‐propelled tubular black‐TiO2/Ag nanorobots are used to remove multispecies biofilm from facial titanium miniplates routinely practiced in oral and maxillofacial surgery. UV to visible‐light triggers multimodal motion behaviors, including rotational and random swimming, which accelerate the biofilm eradication through the “on the fly” release of reactive oxygen species and Ag ions.
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•New light-triggered chemistry based on thiols and metal ions is introduced.•A cost-effective, user-friendly, energy-efficient, one-pot and in situ approach was developed for ...nanoparticle synthesis and NPs-based devices.•New or innovative ways of using ZnCd QDs, CuNPs, and SeNPs are introduced.
This study presents an innovative light-triggered synthesis of nanoparticles (NPs) utilizing UV radiation (λ = 254 nm), thiols (non-toxic mercaptosuccinic acid, MSA), and metal ions (Cu2+, Zn2+, Cd2+, Se4+). Efficient formation of various nanoparticles is achieved by exposing a precursor blend of metal ions and thiols (MSA) to ultraviolet light in compact volumes, like UV-transparent 96-well plates (50 – 300 μL per well) or plastic tubes (1.5 – 50 mL). This process effectively produces different types of nanoparticles, including fluorescent zinc-cadmium quantum dots (ZnCd QDs), non-fluorescent copper nanoparticles (CuNPs), and selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs). The scalability of the method allows for easy upscaling using larger test tubes or downsizing by depositing precursors (10 – 100 μL) on a paper matrix, where UV treatment not only induces NP formation in solution but also facilitates their anchoring to the paper surface. The developed one-pot in situ approach offers a cost-effective, user-friendly, and energy-efficient method for NP production and chemical engineering on paper surfaces. The technique is promising for a wide range of applications, such as interferometric measurement using ZnCd QDs, bactericidal effects of CuNPs against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MIC100 = 0.14 mg/mL), and visible light switchable (ON/OFF) nanozymatic reactors employing SeNPs. We suggest light-triggered chemistry based on thiols and metal ions for effective “soft” synthesis of various nanoparticles and NPs-based devices.
Enhanced antibacterial properties of nanomaterials such as TiO
nanotubes (TNTs) and silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have attracted much attention in biomedicine and industry. The antibacterial ...properties of nanoparticles depend, among others, on the functionalization layer of the nanoparticles. However, the more complex information about the influence of different functionalization layers on antibacterial properties of nanoparticle decorated surfaces is still missing. Here we show the array of ∼50 nm diameter TNTs decorated with ∼50 nm AgNPs having different functionalization layers such as polyvinylpyrrolidone, branched polyethyleneimine, citrate, lipoic acid, and polyethylene glycol. To assess the antibacterial properties, the viability of Gram-positive (
) and Gram-negative bacteria (
and
) has been assessed. Our results showed that the functional layer of nanoparticles plays an important role in antibacterial properties and the synergistic effect such nanoparticles and TiO
nanotubes have had different effects on adhesion and viability of G
and G
bacteria. These findings could help researchers to optimally design any surfaces to be used as an antibacterial including the implantable titanium biomaterials.
Enhanced antibacterial properties of nanomaterials such as TiO2 nanotubes (TNTs) and silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have attracted much attention in biomedicine and industry. The antibacterial ...properties of nanoparticles depend, among others, on the functionalization layer of the nanoparticles. However, the more complex information about the influence of different functionalization layers on antibacterial properties of nanoparticle decorated surfaces is still missing. Here we show the array of ∼50 nm diameter TNTs decorated with ∼50 nm AgNPs having different functionalization layers such as polyvinylpyrrolidone, branched polyethyleneimine, citrate, lipoic acid, and polyethylene glycol. To assess the antibacterial properties, the viability of Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus) and Gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) has been assessed. Our results showed that the functional layer of nanoparticles plays an important role in antibacterial properties and the synergistic effect such nanoparticles and TiO2 nanotubes have had different effects on adhesion and viability of G− and G+ bacteria. These findings could help researchers to optimally design any surfaces to be used as an antibacterial including the implantable titanium biomaterials.
The emergence of antibiotic resistance in pathogenic bacteria has become a global threat, encouraging the adoption of efficient and effective alternatives to conventional antibiotics and promoting ...their use as replacements. Titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO
NPs) have been reported to exhibit antibacterial properties. In this study, we synthesized and characterized TiO
NPs in anatase and rutile forms with surface modification by geraniol (GER).
The crystallinity and morphology of modified TiO
NPs were analyzed by UV/Vis spectrophotometry, X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with elemental mapping (EDS). The antimicrobial activity of TiO
NPs with geraniol was assessed against Staphylococcus aureus, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), and Escherichia coli. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of modified NPs ranged from 0.25 to 1.0 mg/ml against all bacterial strains, and the live dead assay and fractional inhibitory concentration (FIC) supported the antibacterial properties of TiO
NPs with GER. Moreover, TiO
NPs with GER also showed a significant decrease in the biofilm thickness of MRSA.
Our results suggest that TiO
NPs with GER offer a promising alternative to antibiotics, particularly for controlling antibiotic-resistant strains. The surface modification of TiO
NPs by geraniol resulted in enhanced antibacterial properties against multiple bacterial strains, including antibiotic-resistant MRSA. The potential applications of modified TiO
NPs in the biomedical and environmental fields warrant further investigation.
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