Factors that could affect DM severity were also recorded, such as smoking status, presence of comorbidities, family history of DM, DM duration, therapy, number of doctor's visits, HbAlc levels, and ...blood sugar levels. The DASS has no direct implications for the allocation of patients to diagnostic categories postulated in classification systems, since it is predominantly aimed to measure DASS symptoms in both clinical and nonclinical samples. ...the DASS-21 questionnaire is only a screening tool.16 3. ...the odds ratios (OR) and confidence intervals (95% CIs) were also calculated. Logistic regression analysis (Table 4) indicated that age (OR=2.57, 95% Cl: 1.59-4.13) was a predictor of depression and anxiety statuses. ...DM patients should be tested with the DASS questionnaire at a young age.
Workplace violence is a serious and multidimensional problem that adversely affects professional and personal lives of employees. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence and ...characteristics of verbal violence as a part of psychological violence among employees in primary health care in Belgrade, and to identify contributing factors of verbal violence in the workplace.
In this cross-sectional study, the final analysis included 1526 employees, using multi-stage sampling. Data were collected using the questionnaire Workplace Violence in the Health Sector Country Case Studies Research, developed by ILO/ICN/WHO/PSI. Descriptive statistics and logistic regression analysis were used to analyse the data. The general response rate was 86.8% (1526/1757).
It was found that 47.8% of the participants were subjected to verbal violence. The main source of verbal violence was patient/client, 55.6% of employees did not report the incident. Among those who did not report the incident, 74.9% believed that reporting violence was useless. The interaction with patients (OR, 1.45; 95% CI, 1.02-2.06) and work between 6pm and 7am (OR, 1.27; 95% CI, 1.01-1.60) were significant contributing factors of verbal violence.
The results are indicative of a high prevalence of verbal violence against employees in primary health centres, which could have undesirable consequences. Conducting a better organizational measure and encouraging employees to report workplace violence could reduce the prevalence of verbal violence.
Introduction. The coronavirus pandemic began in 2019 and since then a huge number of people have been infected worldwide. The infection symptoms are widely defined and yet the panel of laboratory ...abnormalities found in infected patients is missing. Objective. We aimed to describe the clinical and laboratory features of the COVID-19 patients in Belgrade (Serbia) and the influence of socio-demographic features of the participants on vaccination status. Method. The research was performed as a cross-sectional study from October to November 2021. The included patients were the ones who visited the COVID outpatient clinic of the Primary Healthcare Center (PHC) and tested positive for Sars-CoV-2 virus infection. The data were gathered by reviewing retrospectively the patients' health charts. The data were analyzed by descriptive statistics, Pearson's ch 2 test, and we used the SPSS 20. Results. The research included 207 Sars-CoV-2 positive patients, of whom 56% were of the female sex and the majority of the participants were in the 51-60 age group (22.7%). There were 42% of the vaccinated participants. The most common symptoms the participants complained of were: fever (82.1%), cough (49.8%), malaise (32.9%), stuffed nose (29.5%), throat pain (17.9%), headache (12.1%), body pains (11.1%), loss of smell and taste (8.2%), diarrhea (2.4%). Pneumonia was found in 17.4% of the participants and high CRP values in 29%. Conclusion. The most common clinical features of the COVID-19 patients in Belgrade (Serbia) were fever, cough, and malaise. Pneumonia was found in 17.4% of the patients. The majority of the patients had normal lab work but 29% had elevated CRP. There were 42% of vaccinated patients with either of the four available vaccines and 52.9% were without comorbidities.
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID 19) pandemic killed millions of people and affected the whole world, including Serbia. Healthcare workers could not isolate them selves from patients. They worked ...under adverse and challenging conditions, which could have caused mental health problems. This study aimed to identify the risk factors for anxiety in healthcare workers working in Covid wards (CW) of Primary Healthcare center (PHC). Method: This cross-sectional study was conducted among healthcare workers of the CWs. During the study period, we had a total of 150 completed questionnaires. Descriptive statistics, Pearson chi-square test, and Pearson correlation were used to analyze the data. We used SPSS for data analysis. Results: Our sample included 150 healthcare workers (HCWs), of whom 86.0% were females, the majority were 41-50 years of age (40,0%), and have been working for 21-30 years (32,7%). In our sample, 94,6% HCWs stated they received personal protective equipment (PPE). The results revealed a significant association only between gender and anxiety. Anxiety was higher among females than males. Correlation analysis indicated the feeling of anxiety was positively correlated with the workload, exhaustion, and family strain. The feeling of anxiety was not correlated with the feeling of protection. The feeling of protection was in negative correlation with family strain. Conclusion: Anxiety was present in HCWs during the pandemic. Gender is the risk factor for anxiety in HCWs who work in CWs in PHCs.
Introduction: Gallstones are the most common cause of biliary pancreatitis. After the alleviation of the acute phase of pancreatitis, the surgery follows in the majority of cases (cholecystectomy). ...Objective: To present when is the right time for surgical intervention in gallstone cases after pancreatitis as a complication. Case report: An 85-year-old patient presents with abdominal pain. He is afebrile, eupnoeic, pale, BP 140/80 mmHg, with diffuse abdominal tenderness to palpitation. Native abdomen X-ray shows hydroaeric levels. The patient was referred to a surgeon and operated on urgently. Cholecystectomy was not performed. Due to cardiovascular disease and problems with blood vessels, the patent had had two cardiosurgical interventions in the past. Three months after cardiosurgical intervention the patient presents with jaundice at his CiP office. Physical examination confirms the yellow color of skin and mucosae. The patient is afebrile, without abdominal tenderness. Serological blood tests were negative for hepatitis B, C, and HIV. Abdominal ultrasonography showed a stone in the gallbladder and it was consistent with greater risk of recidivant biliary pancreatitis. The patient was operated and the total cholecystectomy was performed. Conclusion: Patients with gallstones are at higher risk for acute pancreatitis. In patients with gallstones and consecutive biliary pancreatitis as a complication, cholecystectomy should be performed during the first hospitalization.
Uvod:Nasilje na radnom mestu je ozbiljan društveni i javno zdravstveni problem. Cilj ovog istraţivanja je da se odredi prevalencija nasilja na radnom mestu, da se identifikuju potencijalni prediktori ...nasilja na radnom mestu meĎu socijalnodemografskim karakteristikama ispitanika, karakteristikama radnog okruţenja i merama bezbednog radnog okruţenja i da se definišu preventivne mere za zaštitu od nasilja na radnom mestu u domovima zdravlja u Beogradu, Srbiji.Metod: Istraţivanje je studija preseka sprovedena od oktobra 2012. do jula 2013. godine. Uzorak ispitanika je dobijen stratifikovanjem i višeetapnim uzorkovanjem. Ispitivana populacija je obuhvatila sve zaposlene u pet domova zdravlja grada Beograda, koji su odabrani metodom slučajnog izbora. Istraţivanje je obuhvatilo medicinsko i nemedicinsko osoblje koje je radilo u glavnoj prepodnevnoj smeni (N=1757). Opšta stopa odgovora iznosila je 86,8%. Instrument istraţivanja je bio standardizovani upitnik „Radno okruţenje zdravstvenih organizacija, psihofizički faktori i zdravlje zaposlenih” (Workplace Violence in the Health Sector Country Case Studies Research - ILO/ICN/WHO/PSI). Podaci su obraĎeni primenom deskriptivne i inferencjalne statistike. Za ispitivanje značajnosti razlika korišćen je Pirsonov hi-kvadrat test. Za analizu odnosa nasilja na radnom mestu i potencijalnih prediktora korišćeni su logistički modeli regersije. Podaci su analizirani upotrebom SPSS 20.0.Rezultati:Prevalencija nasilja na radnom mestu u ustanovama primarne zdravstvene zaštite je 52,6%. Najzastupljeniji tipovi nasilja su bili verbalno nasilje 47,8% i mobing 24,4%. Logistički regresioni model ukazao je na pozitivnu povezanost karakteristika radnog okruţenja sa pojavom nasilja na radnom mestu, kontakt sa pacijentima (OR: 2.34, 95% CI: 1.77–3.10), rad u smenama (OR:1.97, 95% CI: 1.54–2.53), medicinske sestre kao profesionalna grupa (OR:1.91, 95% CI: 1.16–3.17) i rad izmeĎu 18 i 07 časova (OR:1.37, 95% CI: 1.08–1.73). Postojala je negativna povezanost nasilja na radnom mestu sa podrškom da se nasilje prijavi (OR: 0.61, 95% CI: 0.49–0.76) i sa brojem zaposlenih na istom radnom mestu (OR: 0.73, 95% CI: 0.56–0.96). Profil osobe koja je doţivela nasilje bila je medicinska sestra, ţenskog pola (83,9%), starosti od 30-49 godina (57,4%), u braku (71,8%), srednjeg obrazovanja (50,2%) i sa više od 20 godina radnog iskustva (48,2%).Zaključak:Više od polovine zaposlenih u beogradskim domovima zdravlja su izloţeni nasilju na radnom mestu. Potrebne su intervencije za zaštitu zdravstvenih radnika od nasilja, obezbeĎivanje sigurnijeg radnog okruţenja, podsticanje zaposlenih da prijave nasilje na radnom mestu i davanje značaja preventivnim merama.
Introduction. Successful implementation of all activities, especially in the area of preventive medicine, healthcare institutions may accomplish only if their employees are highly motivated and ...properly rewarded for their work. The best motivational system should be designed so the employees get the rewards that matter to them. That is why research into the motives and needs of employees appears as a necessary prerequisite for the effectiveness of motivation. Objective. We aimed at examining the most important motivational factors for preventive activities in healthcare workers. Method. The research was conducted, as a case study, in the Primary Healthcare Center (PHC), Golubac from December 2019 to December 2020. We analyzed the results of the preventive activities of healthcare workers from the PHC Golubac during project activities in 2020 and compared them to the results from 2018. Employees' attitudes towards motivational factors were analyzed based on the conducted individual interviews and surveys. Results. The results of preventive actions in 2020, through project activities, were significantly better than those in 2018. The diabetes screening response was 42%, the realization of blood pressure measuring in diabetic patients was 58%, and HbA1c was measured in 34% of diabetics in 2020. In 2018 screening realization was 15%, blood pressure was measured in 50% of diabetics, and HbA1C in 10%. The most important motivational factors for healthcare workers were the importance of preventive activities for the people's health, the participation of the manager as the project leader, the equipment gained during the project that will improve their work, clearly defined goals, and personal responsibility for the project's success. Conclusion. The motivation of healthcare workers is of great importance for the successful implementation of preventive activities. Our research provides information for healthcare managers on ways to improve their employees' motivation.
Introduction. There are approximately 17.000 new cases of diabetes mellitus type 2 (DM2) in Serbia each year. A third of the newly diagnosed already has some late disease complications and almost ...half of them are over 65. Objective. We aimed at determining the level and risk factors for DM2 in respondents of different gender, age, and lifestyle in the Municipality of Golubac. Method. The study was conducted using the DM2 questionnaire. The sample had 404 participants who were screened in the Municipality of Golubac. Significant statisti-cal methods were used in the study: frequency, t-test, ANOVA test, and correlation analysis. Results. The study showed the majority of participants (40.1%) had slightly elevated risk for DM2, high risk was found in 14.9%, and very high risk in 3.2%. Moderate risk was found in 27.5% of the participants and 14.4% had low risk. Women had a higher percentage of high and very high risk for DM2 than men but no statistically significant difference was found between men and women concerning the risk of developing the disease. With age, as well as obesity, the risk for DM2 increases. The participants who practiced regular physical activity, as well as those who regularly consumed fruits and vegetables, had a lower risk for DM2. Conclusion. The study showed almost every fifth participant had a high or very high risk for DM2, 81.7% were overweight, and 75% had previously diagnosed cardiovascular problems. Registration of persons with an elevated risk for DM2 and further follow-up is a very important task for GPs (general practitioners).
Introduction: Depressive disorders are considered the health problems of great significance and are listed as some of the earliest known diseases in medi-cine. Objective: To determine the prevalence ...of depression, its forms among doc-tors in general medicine and what is the association between depression and socio-demographic characteristics. Method: A cross-sectional study was conducted. The sample consisted of doctors who attended General Medicine Days meeting in Belgrade, in 2018. The prevalence of depression among the doctors in general medicine was estimated by using a PHQ-9 questionnaire. Data were presented as frequencies (%), Pearson's X 2 test was used for measuring the difference between variables and identification of depression predictors. Data were processed with a SPSS 20 software statistical package. The statistical significance was defined for a p<0.05 level. Results: The total number of the participants was 394, of whom 43 (10.9%) were men and 351 (89.1%) women, of average age 53±10.4 years. Out of the total number of the participants, 51 (12.9%) had some form of depression: 32 (62.7%) had a mild form of depression, 9 (17.6%) had a moderate form and 10 (19.6%) had a severe form. There was no association between depression and sociodemograph-ic characteristics of the participants, apart for their age.The doctors who had a mild or moderate form of depression were 50 years of age or older. The severe form of depression was found among doctors who were in the 40-49 years age group. Conclusion: Prevalence of depression among the general practitioners is 12.9%. The frequency of depression is associated with the age of the participants. Further research is needed in order to identify the efficient strategies for the pre-vention and treatment of depression.
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