This study presents new fuzzy versions of Minkowski and Beckenbach’s integral inequalities without making use of the Sugeno integral. These new inequalities generalize the interval versions of the ...Minkowski and Beckenbach inequalities recently published and are obtained by introducing the p−FA−integrability concept for fuzzy-interval-valued functions by means of the Kaleva integral and a fuzzy order relation. This fuzzy order relation is defined level-wise through the Kulisch–Miranker order relation given on the interval space. Numerical examples that illustrate the applicability of the theory developed in this study are presented.
The optoelectronic properties of prototypal Telluride amorphous phase‐change materials (GeTe and Ge2Sb2Te5) are investigated from ab initio molecular dynamics simulations. Local tetrahedral germanium ...geometries are identified from topological angular constraint counting and this permits to relate exactly their contribution to targeted properties. The analysis of our computation reveals that the dominant population of tetrahedral Ge contributes to the tail of the valence and conduction band but with an increased electronic localization for the latter, whereas residual (essentially octahedral) geometries induce an overall constant localization at E>EF$E>E_F$ except close to the Fermi gap, where p electrons are largely delocalized. The detailed calculation of the atomic dipoles in the amorphous state indicates that tetrahedral Ge leads to lower momenta, especially in a‐GeTe, and corresponding Ge‐based correlations with Wannier centers also indicate the dual nature of the local geometries. These features which drive optical and dielectric contrast exemplify the unique properties of phase‐change materials, and represent an obvious breakdown of the well‐known Zachariasen rule stating that the short‐range order is similar in crystals and glasses.
We study fuzzy differential equations (FDE) using the concept of generalized H-differentiability. This concept is based in the enlargement of the class of differentiable fuzzy mappings and, for this, ...we consider the lateral Hukuhara derivatives. We will see that both derivatives are different and they lead us to different solutions from a FDE. Also, some illustrative examples are given and some comparisons with other methods for solving FDE are made.
This paper establishes Opial-type inequalities for generalized Hukuhara differentiable interval-valued functions. Numerical examples are presented to illustrate the applicability of theory developed ...herein.
Pichia pastoris (Komagataella phaffii) is a fast-growing methylotrophic yeast with the ability to assimilate several carbon sources such as methanol, glucose, or glycerol. It has been shown to have ...outstanding secretion capability with a variety of heterologous proteins. In previous studies, we engineered P. pastoris to co-express Escherichia coli AppA phytase and the HAC1 transcriptional activator using a bidirectional promoter. Phytase production was characterized in shake flasks and did not reflect industrial conditions. In the present study, phytase expression was explored and optimized using instrumented fermenters in continuous and fed-batch modes. First, the production of phytase was investigated under glucose de-repression in continuous culture at three dilution factors, 0.5 d
, 1 d
, and 1.5 d
. The fermenter parameters of these cultures were used to inform a kinetic model in batch and fed-batch modes for growth and phytase production. The kinetic model developed aided to design the glucose-feeding profile of a fed-batch culture. Kinetic model simulations under glucose de-repression and fed-batch conditions identified optimal phytase productivity at the specific growth rate of 0.041 h
. Validation of the model simulation with experimental data confirmed the feasibility of the model to predict phytase production in our newly engineered strain. Methanol was used only to induce the expression of phytase at high cell densities. Our results showed that high phytase production required two stages, the first stage used glucose under de-repression conditions to generate biomass while expressing phytase, and stage two used methanol to induce phytase expression. The production of phytase was improved 3.5-fold by methanol induction compared to the expression with glucose alone under de-repression conditions to a final phytase activity of 12.65 MU/L. This final volumetric phytase production represented an approximate 36-fold change compared to the flask fermentations. Finally, the phytase protein produced was assayed to confirm its molecular weight, and pH and temperature profiles. This study highlights the importance of optimizing protein production in P. pastoris when using novel promoters and presents a general approach to performing bioprocess optimization in this important production host.
In this paper, we explore some integral inequalities for interval-valued functions. More precisely, using the Kulisch–Miranker order on the space of real and compact intervals, we establish ...Minkowski’s inequality and then we derive Beckenbach’s inequality via an interval Radon’s inequality. Also, some examples and applications are presented for illustrating our results.
Aim
To assess the fracture incidence of instruments from single‐file reciprocating systems when used by students in an endodontic graduate programme.
Methodology
Dental records and periapical ...radiographs of patients treated by students on an endodontic graduate programme using reciprocating systems were assessed. Data on tooth type, number of treated root canals, number of fractured instruments, fragment size, angle, radius, arc length and position of root canal curvature where fractures occurred were tabulated for analysis. The risk of fracture was calculated for each group of teeth, root canal and root thirds, whilst the incidence of fractures reported for the reciprocating systems was compared using the chi‐squared test at 5% significance level.
Results
Overall, 2056 root canals (826 teeth) from 810 patients were included. The incidence of fractured files from single‐file reciprocating systems in relation to a number of instrumented canals was 0.92%. Fracture rates of 0.84% and 0.93% were found in 830 and 1226 root canals instrumented with WaveOne and Reciproc systems, respectively. No significant differences were observed between the systems. The highest fracture rate was 52.6% in the mesiobuccal root of mandibular molars. The central angle, radius and arc length of the curvature of root canals where the instruments fractured ranged from 58° to 84°, from 1.7 to 7.2 mm and from 2.4 to 7.6 mm, respectively.
Conclusion
The use of WaveOne and Reciproc single‐file reciprocating systems in an endodontic graduate programme was associated with a low incidence of instrument fractures.
The use of biomaterials has become routine in dentistry, reconstructive surgery of the locomotor system, treatment of congenital, traumatic and tumor situations, and knee or hip arthroplasty. The ...main issue related to metal biomaterials is the systemic release of metal ions and the related biological risks. When placed in contact with a living organism, they must meet a set of criteria: they must be biocompatible and biofunctional, as well as have the ability to produce a specific biological response at the surface, leading to the formation of a bond between the material and the receiving tissue and a surface texture which allows cell adhesion and bone growth; they must also provide adequate structure and mechanical strength, without causing adverse reactions in the surrounding physiological environment; they must not cause oncogenic effects; they must be easy to manipulate during surgery; and they must be amenable to visible imaging and sterilization. The ability to use biomaterials is linked to the degree of biocompatibility and biofunctionality which in turn, are dependent on their physicochemical and mechanical properties, macroscopic and microscopic configuration, and the biological environment where they are deployed. Metal alloys, particularly stainless steel, cobalt, molybdenum, chromium alloys, and titanium-based alloys find wide application in orthopedics for making joint replacement prostheses, systems for external or internal fixation of bone fractures, surgical correction of degenerative conditions, or in the composition of staples, screws, and wires. Any synthetic biomaterial can replace or restore the function of body tissues while maintaining a continuous or intermittent contact with the fluid. When in contact with the fluid, it is essential that materials be biocompatible, so they do not produce adverse biological responses or induce systemic effects. Thus, they must not be toxic, carcinogenic, mutagenic, or antigenic. Bioactive materials with antibacterial properties are also of significant medical interest. Materials exhibiting good antimicrobial activity that minimize the formation of biofilm without the risk of promoting the development of resistant microorganisms are desirable. In this respect, this review briefly summarizes the recent successes of this metal as a biocompatible material with antibacterial activity for biomedical applications.
Abstract
Recent observations of our neighbouring galaxy M31 have revealed that its disc was shaped by widespread events. The evidence for this includes the high dispersion (V/σ ≤ 3) of stars older ...than 2 Gyr, and a global star formation episode, 2–4 Gyr ago. Using the modern hydrodynamical code, gizmo, we have performed 300 high-resolution simulations to explore the extent to which these observed properties can be explained by a single merger. We find that the observed M31 disc resembles models having experienced a 4:1 merger, in which the nuclei coalesced 1.8–3 Gyr ago, and where the first passage took place 7–10 Gyr ago at a large pericentre distance (32 kpc). We also show that within a family of orbital parameters, the Giant Stream (GS) can be formed with various merger mass ratios, from 2:1 to 300:1. A recent major merger may be the only way to create the very unusual age–dispersion relation in the disc. It reproduces and explains the long-lived 10 kpc ring, the widespread and recent star formation event, the absence of a remnant of the GS progenitor, the apparent complexity of the 3D spatial distribution of the GS, the NE and G Clumps and their formation process, and the observed slope of the halo profile. These modelling successes lead us to propose that the bulk of the substructure in the M31 halo, as well as the complexity of the inner galaxy, may be attributable to a single major interaction with a galaxy that has now fully coalesced with Andromeda.
In this paper, we study the class of fuzzy differential equations where the dynamics is given by a continuous fuzzy mapping which is obtained via Zadeh's extension principle. We get a fuzzy solution ...for this class of fuzzy differential equations and several illustrative examples are presented. We also give some properties and we show the relationships with others interpretation. Finally, we propose a numerical procedure for obtaining the fuzzy solution.
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