This paper describes fracture and low-amplitude fault systems in Upper Cretaceous deposits in the vicinity of the Chufut-Kale “cave town.” Analysis of the orientations and kinematics of the faults ...and fracture parageneses has made it possible to reconstruct stress-fields of the Alpine tectonic stage and their rough order. An assumption on the appearance of sublatitudinal compression in Mountainous Crimea has been made.
We simulate the spectral features of an experimentally implemented gyrotron operating in a 170-GHz band with MW-level output in the frequency-locked regime. Simulations are conducted using the ...particle-in-cells method within the KARAT software reducing the problem of 3-D simulations of nonsymmetric mode operation to the 2.5-D problem. We demonstrate that such an approach allows the spectral features of both frequency-locked and nonlocked gyrotrons to be predicted reliably while using fewer computer resources.
A 250 GHz continuous-wave (CW) gyrotron has been developed at the IAP RAS jointly with GYCOM Ltd., as a prototype of the microwave source for the envisaged prospective nuclear fusion power plants ...(DEMO). The main applications of such a tube are electron cyclotron resonance heating and electron cyclotron resonance current drive of magnetically confined plasma as well as its diagnostics based on collective Thomson scattering in various reactors for controlled thermonuclear fusion (e.g., tokamaks and stellarators). The results of the preliminary experimental tests in a pulsed mode of operation are presented. The microwave power of up to 330 kW with an efficiency of 30% without collector depression was obtained. At an accelerating voltage of 55 kV and an electron beam current of 12.5 A (which corresponds to the design parameters for CW operation), the measured output power was about 200 kW. The TEM
mode content evaluated at the tube output is not less than 98.6%.
Nowadays, the development of multifrequency high-power subterahertz gyrotrons for electron cyclotron (EC) heating and plasma diagnostics is in great demand. The article examines the prospects of ...using a special two-channel quasi-optical converter for the output of radiation at several frequencies through two separate windows. The converter was developed by hybrid synthesis and the MoM/electric field integral equation (EFIE) method. The approach is being investigated for the gyrotron with a frequency of 250 GHz and a power of up to 330 kW. The designed system makes it possible to output radiation at up to five frequencies in the range of 176-250 GHz with efficiency at the level of optimized single-frequency gyrotrons.
A Turonian ammonite,
Kamerunoceras
sp. ex gr.
turoniense
(d’Orb.) has been found for the first time in the southwestern Crimea, in the section of the Aksu-Dere ravine, northward of the village of ...Kudrino (Kacha River basin). This is the first discovery of representatives of this genus in Russia.
EPR spectra of impurity ions of Mn
2+
(
S
= 5/2), Gd
3+
(
S
= 7/2), and Cu
2+
(
S
= 1/2) were found and investigated in addition to the intensive signals of axial centers of Cr
4+
in the Li
2
CaSiO
4
...crystal. Manganese and gadolinium ions show spectra of tetragonal symmetry; copper ions show both spectra of axial and triclinic symmetry. Parameters of the spin Hamiltonians for the tetragonal centers were determined. Ions of Mn
2+
and Gd
3+
were shown to replace calcium ions with octahedral oxygen environment; copper ions are localized on lithium positions having tetrahedral environment. The reasons for appearing of triclinic Cu
2+
centers are discussed.
Modeling of gyrotrons by the particle-in-cell (PIC) method usually requires three-dimensional simulation. For large parameters of the oversized interaction space, this entails rather long calculation ...times. This work shows that one can reduce the dimension of the problem and employ 2.5-dimensional PIC simulation under certain conditions. Using a gyrotron with an operating frequency of 170 GHz and operating mode TE
28, 12
as an example, the influence of an external signal on the output-radiation spectrum in the presence of accelerating-voltage fluctuations is studied
As assemblies of genomes of new species with varying degrees of relationship appear, it becomes obvious that structural rearrangements of the genome, such as inversions, translocations, and ...transposon movements, are an essential and often the main source of evolutionary variation. In this regard, the following questions arise. How conserved are the regulatory regions of genes? Do they have a common evolutionary origin? And how and at what rate is the functional activity of genes restored during structural changes in the promoter region? In this article, we analyze the evolutionary history of the formation of the regulatory region of the
gene in different lineages of the genus
, as well as the participation of mobile elements in structural rearrangements and in the replacement of specific areas of the promoter region with those of independent evolutionary origin. In the process, we substantiate hypotheses about the selection of promoter elements from a number of frequently repeated motifs with different degrees of degeneracy in the ancestral sequence, as well as about the restoration of the minimum required set of regulatory sequences using a conversion mechanism or similar.
This paper presents the results of an experimental study of a new hybrid plasmatron scheme, which was used to realize a gas discharge at atmospheric pressure supported by continuous focused ...submillimeter radiation with a frequency of 263 GHz. The implemented design allowed organizing a self-consistent interaction between submillimeter radiation and the supercritical plasma in a localized area both in terms of gas flow and electrodynamic. It is experimentally shown that the gas discharge absorbs up to 80% of the introduced submillimeter radiation power.
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