Kluyveromyces marxianus
is a non-conventional yeast with outstanding physiological characteristics and a high potential for lignocellulosic ethanol production. However, achieving high ethanol ...productivity requires overcoming several biotechnological challenges due to the cellular inhibition caused by the inhibitors present in the medium. In this work, K.
marxianus
SLP1 was adapted to increase its tolerance to a mix of inhibitory compounds using the adaptive laboratory evolution strategy to study the adaptation and stress response mechanisms used by this non-Saccharomyces yeast. The fermentative and physiological parameters demonstrated that the adapted K.
marxianus
P8 had a better response against the synergistic effects of multiple inhibitors because it reduced the lag phase from 12 to 4 h, increasing the biomass by 40% and improving the volumetric ethanol productivity 16-fold than the parental K.
marxianus
SLP1. To reveal the effect of adaptation process in P8, transcriptome analysis was carried out; the result showed that the basal gene expression in P8 changed, suggesting the biological capability of K.
marxianus
to activate the adaptative prediction mechanism. Similarly, we carried out physiologic and transcriptome analyses to reveal the mechanisms involved in the stress response triggered by furfural, the most potent inhibitor in K.
marxianus
. Stress response studies demonstrated that P8 had a better physiologic response than SLP1, since key genes related to furfural transformation (ALD4 and ALD6) and stress response (STL1) were upregulated. Our study demonstrates the rapid adaptability of K.
marxianus
to stressful environments, making this yeast a promising candidate to produce lignocellulosic ethanol.
Key points
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K. marxianus was adapted to increase its tolerance to a mix of inhibitory compounds
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The basal gene expression of K. marxianus changed after the adaptation process
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Adapted K. marxianus showed a better physiological response to stress by inhibitors
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Transcriptome analyses revealed key genes involved in the stress response
Exploring the core components that define living systems and their operational mechanisms within emerging biological entities is a complex endeavor. In the realm of biological systems literature, the ...terms matter, energy, information, complexity, and entropy are frequently referenced. However, possessing these concepts alone does not guarantee a comprehensive understanding or the ability to reconstruct the intricate nature of life. This study aims to illuminate the trajectory of these organic attributes, presenting a theoretical framework that delves into the integrated role of these concepts in biology. We assert that Code Biology serves as a pivotal steppingstone for unraveling the mechanisms underlying life. Biological codes (BCs) emerge not only from the interplay of matter and energy but also from Information. Contrary to deriving information from the former elements, we propose that information holds its place as a fundamental physical aspect. Consequently, we propose a continuum perspective called Calculus of Fundamentals involving three fundamentals: Matter, Energy, and Information, to depict the dynamics of BCs. To achieve this, we emphasize the necessity of studying Entropy and Complexity as integral organic descriptors. This perspective also facilitates the introduction of a mathematical theoretical framework that aids in comprehending continuous changes, the driving dynamics of biological fundamentals. We posit that Energy, Matter, and Information constitute the essential building blocks of living systems, and their interactions are governed by Entropy and Complexity analyses, redefined as biological descriptors. This interdisciplinary perspective of Code Biology sheds light on the intricate interplay between the controversial phenomenon of life and advances the idea of constructing a theory rooted in information as an organic fundamental.
We introduce Bidirectional and Auto-Regressive Transformer for Reactions (BARTReact), a self-supervised deep learning model designed to predict chemical reactions. Built on the powerful Bidirectional ...and Auto-Regressive Transformer (BART) architecture, BARTReact is trained using the SELF-referencIng Embedded Strings (SELFIES), a molecular representation that ensures the production of only viable molecules, achieving an outstanding accuracy of 98.6 %.
The search for the minimum information required for an organism to sustain a cellular system network has rendered both the identification of a fixed number of known genes and those genes whose ...function remains to be identified. The approaches used in such search generally focus their analysis on coding genomic regions, based on the genome to proteic-product perspective. Such approaches leave other fundamental processes aside, mainly those that include higher-level information management. To cope with this limitation, a non-genocentric approach based on genomic sequence analysis using language processing tools and gene ontology may prove an effective strategy for the identification of those fundamental genomic elements for life autonomy. Additionally, this approach will provide us with an integrative analysis of the information value present in all genomic elements, regardless of their coding status.
the primary goal of this study was to compare gastrointestinal symptom reduction in patients on bismuth-containing quadruple eradication therapy supplemented with Lactobacillus reuteri strains (DSM ...17938 and ATCC PTA 6475) or placebo.
this was a randomized, double-blind, parallel-arm, placebo-controlled clinical trial. Patients received a first-line eradication regimen based on bismuth subcitrate potassium, metronidazole, tetracycline hydrochloride (three-in-one capsules) and omeprazole 40 mg twice a day for ten days, plus a probiotic or placebo tablet for 30 days. During follow-up, gastrointestinal symptoms were assessed using an evaluation scale (GSRS), and adverse events were collected at 0, 14, 28 and 56 days.
a total of 80 patients were included from February 2018 to May 2019 at a single site. Eradication therapy was effective in 85 % of patients, with no differences between treatment arms. In the group receiving the probiotic, abdominal pain decreased in 42 % of patients, compared with 19 % in the control group (OR: 0.27; CI, 0.13-0.58; p < 0.001), and abdominal distension decreased in 25 % versus 17 % in the control group (OR: 0.24; IC, 0.19-0.84; p < 0.001); Conclusions: treatment with L. reuteri only reduced abdominal pain and distension. Further studies are needed to establish the role of probiotics as adjuvant therapy in H. pylori eradication.
The yeast Kluyveromyces marxianus SLP1 has the potential for application in biotechnological processes because it can metabolize several sugars and produce high-value metabolites. K. marxianus SLP1 ...is a thermotolerant yeast isolated from the mezcal process, and it is tolerant to several cell growth inhibitors such as saponins, furan aldehydes, weak acids, and phenolics compounds. The genomic differences between dairy and nondairy strains related to K. marxianus variability are a focus of research attention, particularly the pathways leading this species toward polyploidy. We report the diploid genome assembly of K. marxianus SLP1 nonlactide strain into 32 contigs to reach a size of ∼12 Mb (N50 = 1.3 Mb) and a ∼39% GC content. Genome size is consistent with the k-mer frequency results. Genome annotation by Funannotate estimated 5000 genes in haplotype A and 4910 in haplotype B. The enriched annotated genes by ontology show differences between alleles in biological processes and cellular component. The analysis of variants related to DMKU3 and between haplotypes shows changes in LAC12 and INU1, which we hypothesize can impact carbon source performance. This report presents the first polyploid K. marxianus strain recovered from nonlactic fermenting medium.
Abstract Chronic kidney disease is a condition with high morbidity, mortality and healthcare costs which affects all population groups, having a significant impact on their quality of life. Its ...classification has been modified over time and there is still no universal consensus to differentiate a physiological change in kidney clearance from a pathological change. Below, we will discuss the importance of reconsidering the definition and classification in the general population according to age, including children and adults. (Acta Med Colomb 2021; 46. DOI:https://doi.org/10.36104/amc.2021.2080).
La enfermedad renal crónica es una condición con alta morbilidad, mortalidad y costos elevados para los sistemas de salud que afecta todos los grupos de población con impacto significativo en su ...calidad de vida. Su clasificación ha sido modificada con el tiempo y aún no existe un consenso universal para diferenciar un cambio fisiológico del aclaramiento renal versus patológico. A continuación, se expone la importancia de replantear la definición y clasificación en la población general de acuerdo a la edad, incluyendo a niños y adultos. (Acta Med Colomb 2021; 46. DOI: Palabras clave: insuficiencia renal crónica, fallo renal crónico, clasificación, envejecimiento. Chronic kidney disease is a condition with high morbidity, mortality and healthcare costs which affects all population groups, having a significant impact on their quality of life. Its classification has been modified over time and there is still no universal consensus to differentiate a physiological change in kidney clearance from a pathological change. Below, we will discuss the importance of reconsidering the definition and classification in the general population according to age, including children and adults. (Acta Med Colomb 2021; 46. DOI: Keywords: chronic renal insufficiency, chronic renal failure, classification, aging.
Introducción: la enuresis es una enfermedad relativamente frecuente, multifactorial, que puede afectar significativamente la calidad de vida de los pacientes y sus familias. Por esto, el personal de ...salud debe estar actualizado y entrenado en su identificación y correcto manejo. La Asociación Colombiana de Nefrología Pediátrica (ACONEPE) y la Sociedad Colombiana de Urología (SCU) aunaron esfuerzos para generar recomendaciones aplicables al contexto colombiano que puedan implementarse de manera práctica, integral y unificada en los diferentes niveles de atención médica a nivel nacional y regional.Objetivo: generar recomendaciones sobre la definición, el diagnóstico y el tratamiento de la enuresis monosintomática primaria en pacientes pediátricos, a partir de guías de práctica clínica.Materiales y métodos: se realizó una revisión sistemática de las guías de práctica clínica producidas entre el año 2010 y el 2 de diciembre del 2020, en las bases de datos Embase, Pubmed, Epistemonikos, grupos desarrolladores y compiladores de guías y ministerios de salud. La selección de la evidencia que soportó las recomendaciones se basó en los criterios definidos por el Ministerio de Salud y el Instituto de Evaluación de Tecnologías en Salud de Colombia. La calificación de las guías de práctica clínica (GPC) se realizó mediante la aplicación pareada de la herramienta Appraisal of Guidelines for Research and Evaluation (AGREE II) por un experto clínico y un experto metodológico. La información (recomendaciones) de las guías fue analizada por el grupo desarrollador, considerando la pertinencia de la recomendación para responder las preguntas, la vigencia y la implementabilidad en el contexto colombiano. Se formularon recomendaciones preliminares sometidas a la revisión y aprobación de un panel externo, inicialmente a través de una consulta virtual y posteriormente en una sesión formal de consenso. Se definió el acuerdo como la aprobación de, al menos, el 80 % de los expertos. La fuerza de las recomendaciones fue graduada como fuerte o condicional, considerando la calidad de la evidencia, la relación riesgo-beneficio, la equidad en el acceso y los costos asociados. Tanto el grupo desarrollador como el panel consultado declararon sus conflictos de interés.Resultados: a partir de tres GPC seleccionadas con calificación en AGREE en dominio 3 y 6 superior al 60 %, se formularon 54 recomendaciones distribuidas en las categorías de definición, diagnóstico, tratamiento y seguimiento de la enuresis monosintomática. El panel revisor estuvo conformado por siete expertos en el tema. Las recomendaciones fueron aprobadas con puntuaciones entre 85.7 % y 100 %.Conclusiones: las recomendaciones propuestas y avaladas por expertos en el tema permitirán orientar la toma de decisiones clínicas respecto a la atención de pacientes con enuresis monosintomática, garantizando un cuidado centrado en las personas, con altos estándares de calidad, y la generación de políticas de seguridad, salud y bienestar para los equipos multidisciplinarios de atención.
Antecedentes: La infección del tracto urinario (ITU) es una enfermedad frecuente en la niñez y una de las causas más comunes de consulta en el servicio de urgencias pediátricas. Su incidencia está ...entre el 5 y 10 % en menores de 2 años. Objetivo: Generar recomendaciones sobre el diagnóstico, tratamiento y seguimiento de ITU en pacientes pediátricos en Colombia. Métodos: Se formularon 15 preguntas de interés clínico en el diagnóstico, tratamiento y seguimiento de ITU en pacientes pediátricos. Se realizó una revisión sistemática de la literatura para identificar las guías de práctica clínica (GPC) disponibles en ITU, con el fin de usar esta evidencia para responder las preguntas planteadas y articular las recomendaciones. Para seleccionar y evaluar las GCP se usaron herramientas locales e internacionales. Se extrajo la información de las guías seleccionadas, se compilaron las recomendaciones preliminares, y se aprobaron las recomendaciones finales mediante consenso de expertos. Finalmente, se evaluó la fuerza y la dirección de cada recomendación. Resultados: Se seleccionaron 4 GCP: American Academy of Pediatrics, Ministerio de Salud de España, McTaggart y National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. En este artículo se presentan las recomendaciones finales para el diagnóstico, tratamiento y seguimiento de ITU. Conclusiones: Estas recomendaciones permitirán orientar a los equipos en la toma de decisiones clínicas respecto a la atención de pacientes pediátricos con ITU en Colombia. Esto contribuirá a mejorar el cuidado y a generar políticas para que haya diagnóstico, tratamiento y seguimiento oportunos en estos pacientes.
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