Therapeutic peptides are oligomers or short polymers of amino acids used for various medical purposes. Peptide-based treatments have evolved considerably due to new technologies, stimulating new ...research interests. They have been shown to be beneficial in a variety of therapeutic applications, notably in the treatment of cardiovascular disorders such as acute coronary syndrome (ACS). ACS is characterized by coronary artery wall damage and consequent formation of an intraluminal thrombus obstructing one or more coronary arteries, leading to unstable angina, non-ST elevated myocardial infarction, and ST-elevated myocardial infarction. One of the promising peptide drugs in the treatment of these pathologies is eptifibatide, a synthetic heptapeptide derived from rattlesnake venom. Eptifibatide is a glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitor that blocks different pathways in platelet activation and aggregation. In this narrative review, we summarized the current evidence on the mechanism of action, clinical pharmacology, and applications of eptifibatide in cardiology. Additionally, we illustrated its possible broader usage with new indications, including ischemic stroke, carotid stenting, intracranial aneurysm stenting, and septic shock. Further research is, however, required to fully evaluate the role of eptifibatide in these pathologies, independently and in comparison to other medications.
V prispevku smo se osredotočili na specializirano leksiko, ki se je pojavila ob terminološkem kvalifikatorju med. v Slovarju slovenskega knjižnega jezika 2.0 (SSKJ2), v Slovenskem medicinskem ...slovarju (SMS) pa njene terminološke vzporednice oz. ustreznega strokovnega izraza ni. SSKJ2 naj bi namreč s terminološkimi kvalifikatorji nakazal področje, na katerem »termin živi« ali »s katerega prehaja v splošno rabo«. Analizirali smo, zakaj je bil delež specializirane leksike (331 gesel) vključen v SSKJ2, čeprav v medicini ni ustaljen.
V príspevku smo se osredotočili na specializirano leksiko, ki se je pojavila ob terminološkom kvalifikatorju med. v Slovarju slovenskega knjižnega jezika 2.0 (SSKJ2), v Slovenskem medicinskem ...slovarju (SMS) pa njene terminološke vzporednice oz. ustreznega strokovnega izraza ni. SSKJ2 naj bi namreč s terminološkimi kvalifikatorji nakazal področje, na katerem »termin živi« ali »s katerega prehaja v splošno rabo«. Analizirali smo, zakaj je bil delež specializirane leksike (331 gesel) vključen v SSKJ2, čeprav v medicini ni ustaljen.
V zadnjih desetletjih je število kratičnih terminov sploh v naravoslovnih znanostih močno naraslo. V tujini so na problematičnost njihove rabe strokovnjaki že opozarjali, saj so kratice zaradi ...gospodarnosti izraza in nesistemskega tvorjenja podvržene neželeni terminološki homonimiji in terminološki sinonimiji. V prispevku opisujemo razmerje med kratičnim terminom, razvezavo in pojmom ter nekatere nevarnosti pri rabi kratičnih terminov. Odsvetujemo tvorjenje kratic s krajšanjem poslovenjenih razvezav in predlagamo, da se tudi v slovenskih znanstvenih besedilih uporablja mednarodno ustaljene kratične termine. Pomembno je tudi, da v strokovnem jeziku uporabljamo kratice v njihovi nedeterminologizirani obliki. Poleg tega moramo pri tvorbi priložnostnih kratic v znanstvenih besedilih paziti, da se te ne ujemajo z že obstoječim ustaljenim kratičnim terminom, vsak nov kratični termin pa moramo ob prvi omembi razložiti z razvezavo. Ob prevzemanju razvezave moramo paziti, da vedno izhajamo iz pojma, upoštevati pa moramo tudi terminološka in jezikovnosistemska načela.
Diabetes mellitus is a devastating chronic metabolic disease. Since the majority of type 2 diabetes mellitus patients are overweight or obese, a novel term-diabesity-has emerged. The gut-brain axis ...plays a critical function in maintaining glucose and energy homeostasis and involves a variety of peptides. Amylin is a neuroendocrine anorexigenic polypeptide hormone, which is co-secreted with insulin from β-cells of the pancreas in response to food consumption. Aside from its effect on glucose homeostasis, amylin inhibits homeostatic and hedonic feeding, induces satiety, and decreases body weight. In this narrative review, we summarized the current evidence and ongoing studies on the mechanism of action, clinical pharmacology, and applications of amylin and its analogs, pramlintide and cagrilintide, in the field of diabetology, endocrinology, and metabolism disorders, such as obesity.
This systematic review extensively investigated the role of the genetic and transcriptomic factors in late complications of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and the current approaches targeting ...oxidative-stress-related pathways with antioxidant therapies. To cover our broad research area, we have conducted two systematic searches, the first focusing on genetic and transcriptomic factors affecting oxidative stress and the second one focusing on the antioxidant therapies in late complications of T2DM. The final review included 33 genetic and transcriptomic studies and 23 interventional randomized clinical trials. The conducted systematic review highlights the important role of oxidative stress in the development of late complications in T2DM patients. However, the current level of evidence does not support the use of genetic and transcriptomic factors as predictive and prognostic biomarkers for the development of T2DM late complications. Further studies are needed to elucidate the potential of targeting oxidative-stress-related pathways for novel preventative and therapeutic approaches. Additionally, antioxidants both in dietary and supplement form have been shown to improve different metabolic and biochemical parameters in T2DM patients with developed late complications. In recent years, studies have improved in methodological quality despite still mainly focusing on microvascular late complications of T2DM. Furthermore, the observed interventional studies suggest non-homogeneity in the duration of observation. As many studies do not provide post-intervention follow-up testing, it is difficult to assess the long-term health benefits of antioxidant supplementation.
