This work analyzed the effect of quinoa flour and zein protein on the rheological, structural, and physicochemical characteristics of gluten-free pasta throughout the production process. ...Supplementing corn flour with quinoa increased dough protein content and greatly decreased the elastic behavior of the dough. Water diffusivity in the dough matrix during the drying process decreased in the presence of quinoa and was related to the smooth homogeneous surface of the dough. Cooking quality of the final product was explained in terms of the rheological and microstructural characteristics using mathematical models that related dough composition with structural parameters. The presence of zein seemed to weaken the protein network; microstructure was more crumbly with starch granules not completely embedded in the carbohydrate–protein matrix. These structural features explained the lower cooking time, higher breakability, and low cohesiveness of cooked zein-containing pasta. The addition of zein negatively altered the structure of pasta, whereas quinoa flour resulted in a cooked product with good textural properties and higher protein content.
Summary
The effect of cooking time and the solid content was analysed in the techno‐functional properties of lentils and common beans aquafaba, and their powders obtained through spray‐drying. Foam ...drainage kinetic and emulsion destabilisation were successfully modelled showing that lentil aquafaba had better foaming capacity than beans, due to its higher protein content. Moreover, an increase in cooking time results in more liquid incorporated into the foam and a longer lag phase. Bean aquafaba had acceptable emulsifying capacity, attributable to higher soluble carbohydrates. Additionally, microstructure, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometry, rehydration capacity, and flowability of aquafaba powders were studied. Microscopy of dried lentil aquafaba showed damaged and collapsed particles, while bean powder consisted of spherical smooth particles. The dominant factor influencing aquafaba functional properties and powder characteristics was the legume type, attributed to their chemical compositions. These findings broaden the insights of alternative sources of aquafaba and enhance the industrial applicability of these residues through highly rehydratable and functional powders.
Enrichment of food and beverages with bioactive lipids is an important initiative to improve consumer's health. Eicosapentaenoic (EPA) and docosahexaenoic (DHA) acids present in fish oil have been ...reported as those with the greatest bioactivity. Emulsions are an interesting alternative to incorporate functional oil; however, there are few studies on food microemulsions as a way to include this kind of compounds. The present work is intended to deepen the analysis of the Kolliphor RH40 emulsifier with potential application in food microemulsions, characterizing its micellar size and thermo-rheological properties, as well as analyzing the effect of environmental stress on physical and oxidative stability of a microemulsion containing fish oil. No significant changes in droplets size (<15 nm) or in their distribution was observed in a wide range of pH (3–9), ionic strength (0.1–10% CaCl2), centrifuging and different thermal treatments. During freezing, a slight increase in size (<21 nm) was detected, maintaining its optically transparent appearance. The high surface area of the microemulsion droplets led to the decrease in oxidative stability compared to fish oil in bulk. However, when microemulsions were stored at 4 °C, the EPA and DHA contents did not change during storage for 60 days.
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•Emulsifiers derived from castor oil presented micelles size lower than 14 nm.•Thermo-rheological and flow behavior of emulsifiers was modeled.•Microemulsions were stable in a wide range of pH, ionic strength, and temperature.•Oxidation of microemulsions with fish oil increased with the storage temperature.•Refrigerated storage of microemulsions did not alter the content of EPA and DHA.
A key aspect of cognitive control is the management of conflicting incoming information to achieve a goal, termed 'interference control'. Although the role of the right frontal lobe in interference ...control is evident, the white matter tracts subserving this cognitive process remain unclear. To investigate this, we studied the effect of transient network disruption (by means of direct electrical stimulation) and permanent disconnection (resulting from neurosurgical resection) on interference control processes, using the Stroop test in the intraoperative and extraoperative neurosurgical setting. We evaluated the sites at which errors could be produced by direct electrical stimulation during an intraoperative Stroop test in 34 patients with frontal right hemisphere glioma. Lesion-symptom mapping was used to evaluate the relationship between the resection cavities and postoperative performance on the Stroop test of this group compared with an additional 29 control patients who did not perform the intraoperative test (63 patients in total aged 17-77 years; 28 female). We then examined tract disruption and disconnection in a subset of eight patients who underwent both the intraoperative Stroop test and high angular resolution diffusion imaging (HARDI) tractography. The results showed that, intraoperatively, the majority of sites associated with errors during Stroop test performance and concurrent subcortical stimulation clustered in a region of white matter medial to the right inferior frontal gyrus, lateral and superior to the striatum. Patients who underwent the intraoperative test maintained cognitive control ability at the 1-month follow-up (P = 0.003). Lesion-symptom analysis showed resection of the right inferior frontal gyrus was associated with slower postoperative Stroop test ability (corrected for multiple comparisons, 5000 permutations). The stimulation sites associated with intraoperative errors most commonly corresponded with the inferior fronto-striatal tracts and anterior thalamic radiation (over 75% of patients), although the latter was commonly resected without postoperative deficits on the Stroop test (in 60% of patients). Our results show converging evidence to support a critical role for the inferior frontal gyrus in interference control processes. The intraoperative data combined with tractography suggests that cortico-subcortical tracts, over cortico-cortical connections, may be vital in maintaining efficiency of cognitive control processes. This suggests the importance of their preservation during resection of right frontal tumours.
The effect of partial lean pork-meat replacement by white Phaseolus vulgaris L. flour in hybrid burgers was studied. A multivariate regression model was used to test different bean flour levels (BF: ...8–15 g/100 g) and water/bean flour ratios (W/BF: 1.2, 1.6, and 1.8 g/g). Process yield, texture profile analysis, color parameters, thermal transitions, and microstructure of the systems were analyzed. Respond Surface Methodology was used to model the response behaviors and optimization. Burgers with BF showed yields higher than 88%. Hardness and cohesiveness decreased as the BF level increased, with a more noticeable effect when the W/BF ratio became larger. Regarding color, the higher the BF and the W/BF ratio in burgers, the higher the L* obtained. The desirability optimization predicted an optimum formulation consisting of 15 g BF/100 g and 1.36 g/g W/BF with similar attributes to a commercial pork burger. The thermal analysis showed an increase in the enthalpy associated with the myosin denaturation and the interactions between meat proteins and BF led to higher temperatures for the starch gelatinization and protein denaturation. The microstructure of BF burgers presented a more stable coarse gel matrix derived from coagulated meat proteins combined with the flour components. The mathematical procedure adequately predicted the hybrid burger quality attributes.
Objective:
The intraoperative identification and preservation of optic radiations (OR) during tumor resection requires the patient to be awake. Different tasks are used. However, they do not grant ...the maintenance of foveal vision during all testing, limiting the ability to constantly monitor the peripheral vision and to inform about the portion of the peripheral field that is encountered. Although hemianopia can be prevented, quadrantanopia cannot be properly avoided. To overcome these limitations, we developed an intra-operative Visual field Task (iVT) to monitor the foveal vision, alerting about the likelihood of injuring the OR during task administration, and to inform about the portion of the peripheral field that is explored. Data on feasibility and efficacy in preventing visual field deficits are reported, comparing the outcome with the standard available task (Double-Picture-Naming-Task, DPNT).
Methods:
Patients with a temporal and/or parietal lobe tumor in close morphological relationship with the OR, or where the resection can involve the OR at any extent, without pre-operative visual-field deficits (Humphrey) were enrolled. Fifty-four patients were submitted to iVT, 38 to DPNT during awake surgery with brain mapping neurophysiological techniques. Feasibility was assessed as ease of administration, training and mapping time, and ability to alert about the loss of foveal vision. Type and location of evoked interferences were registered. Functional outcome was evaluated by manual and Humphrey test; extent of resection was recorded. Tractography was performed in a sample of patients to compare patient anatomy with intraoperative stimulation site(s).
Results:
The test was easy to administer and detected the loss of foveal vision in all cases. Stimulation induced visual-field interferences, detected in all patients, classified as detection or discrimination errors. Detection was mostly observed in temporal tumors, discrimination in temporo-parietal ones. Immediate visual disturbances in DPNT group were registered in 84 vs. 24% of iVT group. At 1-month Humphrey evaluation, 26% of iVT vs. 63% of DPNT had quadrantanopia (32% symptomatic); 10% of DPNT had hemianopia. EOR was similar. Detection errors were induced for stimulation of OR; discrimination also for other visual processing tract (ILF).
Conclusion:
iVT was feasible and sensitive to preserve the functional integrity of the OR.
There is a tremendous need for identifying reliable blood-based biomarkers for Alzheimer's disease (AD) that are tied to the biological ATN (amyloid, tau and neurodegeneration) framework as well as ...clinical assessment and progression.
One hundred forty-four elderly participants underwent 18F-AV45 positron emission tomography (PET) scan, structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan, and blood sample collection. The composite standardized uptake value ratio (SUVR) was derived from 18F-AV45 PET to assess brain amyloid burden, and the hippocampal volume was determined from structural MRI scans. Plasma glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), phosphorylated tau-181 (ptau-181), and neurofilament light (NfL) measured by single molecular array (SIMOA) technology were assessed with respect to ATN framework, genetic risk factor, age, clinical assessment, and future functional decline among the participants.
Among the three plasma markers, GFAP best discriminated participants stratified by clinical diagnosis and brain amyloid status. Age was strongly associated with NfL, followed by GFAP and ptau-181 at much weaker extent. Brain amyloid was strongly associated with plasma GFAP and ptau-181 and to a lesser extent with plasma NfL. Moderate association was observed between plasma markers. Hippocampal volume was weakly associated with all three markers. Elevated GFAP and ptau-181 were associated with worse cognition, and plasma GFAP was the most predictive of future functional decline. Combining GFAP and ptau-181 together was the best model to predict brain amyloid status across all participants (AUC = 0.86) or within cognitively impaired participants (AUC = 0.93); adding NfL as an additional predictor only had a marginal improvement.
Our findings indicate that GFAP is of potential clinical utility in screening amyloid pathology and predicting future cognitive decline. GFAP, NfL, and ptau-181 were moderately associated with each other, with discrepant relevance to age, sex, and AD genetic risk, suggesting their relevant but differential roles for AD assessment. The combination of GFAP with ptau-181 provides an accurate model to predict brain amyloid status, with the superior performance of GFAP over ptau-181 when the prediction is limited to cognitively impaired participants.
Objetivo: Determinar los principales factores de riesgo asociados a sepsis neonatal probable temprana. Metodología: Se realizó un estudio de tipo observacional, analítico, retrospectivo de casos y ...controles. Los casos fueron 71 recién nacidos diagnosticados con sepsis probable temprana asociado a uno o más de los factores en estudio; y el grupo de controles: 71 neonatos sin sepsis neonatal probable temprana con uno o más de los factores en estudio, los datos fueron recogidos de las historias clínicas. El análisis bivariado de los factores de riesgo evaluados, el bajo peso al nacer, infección del tracto urinario materno en el tercer trimestre y rotura prematura de membrana, se realizó a través de la prueba de Chi-2, Odds ratio con un nivel de confianza al 95%. Para el análisis comparativo de las variables cuantitativas se utilizó la prueba U de man whitney. Resultados: En el análisis bivariado se identificaron como factores de riesgo a la infección del tracto urinario materno (OR = 2,515, 95% IC = 1,246 – 5,075, p=0,00), bajo peso al nacer (OR=3,5, 95% IC= 1,65-7,84, p=0.01), la ruptura prematura de membranas no resultó estadísticamente significativa (OR=0,7, 95%IC=0,31-1,7) Conclusiones: La infección del tracto urinario y el bajo peso al nacer fueron los factores de riesgo más importantes en este estudio para el desarrollo de sepsis neonatal probable temprana.
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