Neutrino visible decay in the presence of matter is re-evaluated. We study these effects in two future long-baseline experiments where matter effects are relevant: DUNE (1300 km) and a hypothetical ...beam aimed towards ANDES (7650 km). We find that matter effects are negligible for the visible component of neutrino decay at DUNE, being much more relevant at ANDES. We perform a detailed simulation of DUNE, considering
ν
μ
disappearance and
ν
e
appearance channels, for both FHC and RHC modes. The sensitivity to the decay constant
α
3
can be as low as
2
×
10
-
6
eV
2
at 90% C.L., depending on the neutrino masses and type of coupling. We also show the impact of neutrino decay in the determination of
θ
23
and
δ
CP
, and find that the best-fit value of
θ
23
can move from a true value at the lower octant towards the higher octant.
Water limitation is a major global constraint for plant productivity that is likely to be exacerbated by climate change. Hence, improving plant water use efficiency (WUE) has become a major goal for ...the near future. At the leaf level, WUE is the ratio between photosynthesis and transpiration. Maintaining high photosynthesis under water stress, while improving WUE requires either increasing mesophyll conductance (gm) and/or improving the biochemical capacity for CO2 assimilation—in which Rubisco properties play a key role, especially in C3 plants at current atmospheric CO2.
The goals of the present analysis are: (1) to summarize the evidence that improving gm and/or Rubisco can result in increased WUE; (2) to review the degree of success of early attempts to genetically manipulate gm or Rubisco; (3) to analyse how gm, gsw and the Rubisco's maximum velocity (Vcmax) co‐vary across different plant species in well‐watered and drought‐stressed conditions; (4) to examine how these variations cause differences in WUE and what is the overall extent of variation in individual determinants of WUE; and finally, (5) to use simulation analysis to provide a theoretical framework for the possible control of WUE by gm and Rubisco catalytic constants vis‐à‐vis gsw under water limitations.
In this review, we use a meta‐analysis of a novel large literature data set, to assess how stomatal and mesophyll conductance to CO2 and Rubisco characteristics are interrelated across plants in nature, providing a precise biotechnological perspective for achieving the urgent goal of improving leaf intrinsic water use efficiency (WUE) while maintaining or increasing net CO2 assimilation.
Two different nuclear-medium effects are isolated using a low three-momentum transfer subsample of neutrino-carbon scattering data from the MINERvA neutrino experiment. The observed hadronic energy ...in charged-current ν_{μ} interactions is combined with muon kinematics to permit separation of the quasielastic and Δ(1232) resonance processes. First, we observe a small cross section at very low energy transfer that matches the expected screening effect of long-range nucleon correlations. Second, additions to the event rate in the kinematic region between the quasielastic and Δ resonance processes are needed to describe the data. The data in this kinematic region also have an enhanced population of multiproton final states. Contributions predicted for scattering from a nucleon pair have both properties; the model tested in this analysis is a significant improvement but does not fully describe the data. We present the results as a double-differential cross section to enable further investigation of nuclear models. Improved description of the effects of the nuclear environment are required by current and future neutrino oscillation experiments.
We reexamine the matter neutrino oscillation probabilities considering the decoherence phenomenon as a subleading effect. In this paper we point out the relevance of having the correct interpretation ...of the decoherence matrix in the different quantum bases, within the framework of neutrino oscillation probabilities in matter. Based on this treatment we develop an analytical formula for matter neutrino oscillation probabilities for three generations, with a range of application up to the decoherence parameter Γ∼10−23 GeV. We observe that, due to decoherence, the amplitudes of the neutrino/antineutrino oscillation probabilities increase in an energy independent way. We also find that decoherence can reduce the absolute value of the CP asymmetry, relative to its value at the pure oscillation case. As a side effect we have found a degeneracy between the decoherence parameter Γ and the CP violation phase δ.
Neutrinos are one of the most promising messengers for signals of new physics Beyond the Standard Model (BSM). On the theoretical side, their elusive nature, combined with their unknown mass ...mechanism, seems to indicate that the neutrino sector is indeed opening a window to new physics. On the experimental side, several long-standing anomalies have been reported in the past decades, providing a strong motivation to thoroughly test the standard three-neutrino oscillation paradigm. In this Snowmass21 white paper, we explore the potential of current and future neutrino experiments to explore BSM effects on neutrino flavor during the next decade.
We investigate the potential impact of neutrino quantum decoherence on the precision measurements of standard neutrino oscillation parameters in the DUNE and T2HK experiments. We show that the ...measurement of δCP, sin2θ13 and sin2θ23 is stronger effected in DUNE than in T2HK. On the other hand, DUNE would have a better sensitivity than T2HK to observe decoherence effects. By performing a combined analysis of DUNE and T2HK we show that a robust measurement of standard parameters would be possible, which is not guaranteed with DUNE data alone.
Testing quantum decoherence at DUNE Carpio, J. A.; Massoni, E.; Gago, A. M.
Physical review. D,
07/2019, Volume:
100, Issue:
1
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
Open access
We address some theoretical issues of the quantum decoherence phenomenon within the neutrino oscillation framework and carry out various tests the under DUNE simulated experimental environment. On ...the theoretical side, we provide a general expression for an invariant decoherence matrix under a quantum basis rotation. On the simulated experimental side, considering a rotation-invariant and noninvariant decoherence matrix, we study the impact on the fitting of the standard oscillation parameters, the sensitivity in the mass hierarchy, and the CP violation, combining the neutrino and antineutrino mode and all available neutrino oscillation probabilities channels. Furthermore, a sensitivity for the decoherence parameter of the order 10−24 GeV at 3σ is obtained for our best case. We also note that a degeneracy between the decoherence parameter and the CP violation phase remains, even though our analysis includes neutrino/antineutrino mode and all probabilities channels.
Elastic neutrino scattering on electrons is a precisely known purely leptonic process that provides a standard candle for measuring neutrino flux in conventional neutrino beams. Using a total sample ...of 810 neutrino-electron scatters after background subtraction, the measurement reduces the normalization uncertainty on the ν μ NuMI beam flux between 2 and 20 GeV from 7.6 to 3.9%. This is the most precise measurement of neutrino-electron scattering to date, will reduce uncertainties on MINER ν A's absolute cross section measurements, and demonstrates a technique that can be used in future neutrino beams such as long baseline neutrino facility.
Final-state kinematic imbalances are measured in mesonless production of νμ+A→μ-+p+X in the MINERvA tracker. Initial- and final-state nuclear effects are probed using the direction of the μ- - p ...transverse momentum imbalance and the initial-state momentum of the struck neutron. Differential cross sections are compared to predictions based on current approaches to medium modeling. These models underpredict the cross section at intermediate intranuclear momentum transfers that generally exceed the Fermi momenta. As neutrino interaction models need to correctly incorporate the effect of the nucleus in order to predict neutrino energy resolution in oscillation experiments, this result points to a region of phase space where additional cross section strength is needed in current models, and demonstrates a new technique that would be suitable for use in fine-grained liquid argon detectors where the effect of the nucleus may be even larger.
A number of different effects of the violation of the equivalence principle (VEP), taken as subleading mechanism of neutrino flavor oscillation, are examined within the framework of the DUNE ...experiment. We study the possibility of obtaining a misleading neutrino oscillation parameter region caused by our unawareness of VEP. Additionally, we evaluate the impact on the measurement of CP violation and the distinction of neutrino mass hierarchy at DUNE. Besides, limits on VEP for a wide variety of textures of the matrix that connects neutrino gravity eigenstates to flavor eigenstates are imposed. An extra task of our study is to set limits on Hamiltonian added terms considering different energy dependencies (Ed−3, with d = 3, 4, 5, 6) that can be associated to the usual Lorentz violating terms defined in the Standard Model extension Hamiltonian. In order to understand our results, approximated analytical three neutrino oscillation probability formulae are derived.
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