Purpose
Fatty acid esters of hydroxy fatty acids (FAHFAs) are a large family of endogenous bioactive lipids. To date, most of the studied FAHFAs are branched regioisomers of Palmitic Acid Hydroxyl ...Stearic Acid (PAHSA) that were reported to possess anti-diabetic and anti-inflammatory activity in humans and rodents. Recently, we have demonstrated that 9-PAHPA or 9-OAHPA intake increased basal metabolism and enhanced insulin sensitivity in healthy control diet-fed mice but induced liver damage in some mice. The present work aims to explore whether a long-term intake of 9-PAHPA or 9-OAHPA may have similar effects in obesogenic diet-fed mice.
Methods
C57Bl6 mice were fed with a control or high fat-high sugar (HFHS) diets for 12 weeks. The HFHS diet was supplemented or not with 9-PAHPA or 9-OAHPA. Whole-body metabolism was explored. Glucose and lipid metabolism as well as mitochondrial activity and oxidative stress status were analyzed.
Results
As expected, the intake of HFHS diet led to obesity and lower insulin sensitivity with minor effects on liver parameters. The long-term intake of 9-PAHPA or 9-OAHPA modulated favorably the basal metabolism and improved insulin sensitivity as measured by insulin tolerance test. On the contrary to what we have reported previously in healthy mice, no marked effect for these FAHFAs was observed on liver metabolism of obese diabetic mice.
Conclusion
This study indicates that both 9-PAHPA and 9-OAHPA may have interesting insulin-sensitizing effects in obese mice with lower insulin sensitivity.
The increase in obesity has become a major global health problem and is associated with numerous metabolic dysfunctions. Furan fatty acids (FuFAs) are minor lipids present in our diet. Recently we ...showed that FuFA-F2 extracted from Hevea brasiliensis latex stimulates muscle anabolism in mice in vitro and in vivo, mimicking in part physical activity. While skeletal muscle is essential for energy metabolism and is the predominant site of insulin-mediated glucose uptake in the post prandial state, our results suggested that FuFA-F2 could have favorable effects against obesity. The aim of this work was therefore to study whether a preventive nutritional supplementation with FuFA-F2 (40 mg or 110 mg/day/kg of body weight) in a diet-induced obesity (DIO) mouse model may have beneficial effects against obesity and liver and skeletal muscle metabolic dysfunction. We showed that 12 weeks of FuFA-F2 supplementation in DIO mice decreased fat mass, increased lean mass and restored normal energy expenditure. In addition, we found that FuFA-F2 improved insulin sensitivity. We revealed that FuFA-F2 increased muscle mass but had no effect on mitochondrial function and oxidative stress in skeletal muscle. Furthermore, we observed that FuFA-F2 supplementation reduced liver steatosis without impact on mitochondrial function and oxidative stress in liver. Our findings demonstrated for the first time that a preventive nutritional supplementation with a furan fatty acid in DIO mice reduced metabolic disorders and was able to mimic partly the positive effects of physical activity. This study highlights that nutritional FuFA-F2 supplementation could be an effective approach to treat obesity and metabolic syndrome.
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•FuFA-F2 supplementation in DIO mice decreased fat mass, increased lean mass and restored normal energy expenditure.•FuFA-F2 supplementation in DIO mice increased insulin sensitivity and reduced liver steatosis.•FuFA-F2 supplementation in DIO mice partly mimicked the effect of physical activity.•FuFA-F2 supplementation might be an effective approach to treat obesity and metabolic syndrome.
Skeletal muscle is essential for locomotion and plays a crucial role in energy homeostasis. It is regulated by nutrition, genetic factors, physical activity and hormones. Furan fatty acids (FuFAs) ...are minor fatty acids present in small quantities in food from plants and animals origin. Recently, we showed that a preventive nutritional supplementation with furan fatty acid in a DIO mouse model reduces metabolic disorders. The present study was designed to determine the influence of FuFA-F2 extracted from Hevea brasiliensis latex on skeletal muscle phenotype. In C2C12 myotubes we found that FuFA-F2 whatever the concentration used increased protein content. We revealed that in C2C12 myotubes FuFA-F2 (10 µM) increases protein synthesis as shown by the stimulation of mTOR phosphorylation. Next, to confirm in vivo our results C57Bl6 mice were supplemented by oral gavage with vehicle or FuFA-F2 (20 mg/kg) for 3 and a half weeks. We found that mice supplemented with FuFA-F2 had a greater lean mass than the control mice. In line with this observation, we revealed that FuFA-F2 increased muscle mass and promoted more oxidative muscle metabolism in mice as attested by cytochrome c oxidase activity. In conclusion, we demonstrated that FuFA-F2 stimulates muscle anabolism in mice in vitro and in vivo, mimicking in part physical activity. This study highlights that in vivo FuFA-F2 may have health benefits by increasing muscle mass and oxidative metabolism.
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•FuFA-F2 increased muscle anabolism in C2C12 myotubes.•FuFA-F2 supplementation in C57Bl6 mice increased muscle mass and oxidative metabolism.•FuFA-F2 supplementation in C57Bl6 mice partly mimicked the effect of physical activity.•FuFA-F2 supplementation might have health benefits by increasing muscle mass.
Branched fatty acid esters of hydroxy fatty acids (FAHFAs) are endogenous lipids reported to have antidiabetic and anti-inflammatory effects. Since skeletal muscle is a major target for insulin, the ...aim of this study is to explore for the first time the influence of several FAHFAs in C2C12 myoblasts and in skeletal muscle phenotype in mice. Here, we show that eleven FAHFAs belonging to different families inhibit C2C12 myoblast proliferation. In addition, all FAHFAs decreased mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase activity without affecting reactive oxygen species production and the mitochondrial network. During C2C12 myoblasts differentiation, we found that two of the most active lipids, 9-PAHPA and 9-OAHPA, did not significantly affect the fusion index and the expression of myosin heavy chains. However, we found that three months' intake of 9-PAHPA or 9-OAHPA in mice increased the expression of more oxidative myosin in skeletal muscle without affecting skeletal muscle mass, number, and mean fiber area, mitochondrial activity, and oxidative stress parameters. In conclusion, our study indicated that the eleven FAHFAs tested decreased the proliferation rate of C2C12 myoblasts, probably through the inhibition of mitochondrial activity. In addition, we found that 9-PAHPA or 9-OAHPA supplementation in mice induced a switch toward a more oxidative contractile phenotype of skeletal muscle. These data suggest that the increase in insulin sensitivity previously described for these two FAHFAs is of muscular origin.
Overweight and obesity adversely affect health-related quality of life (HRQOL) through day-to-day impairments of both mental and physical functioning. It is assumed that polyphenols within the ...Mediterranean diet may contribute to improving HRQOL. This investigation aimed at studying the effects of a polyphenol-rich ingredient on HRQOL in overweight and obese but otherwise healthy individuals. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study including 72 volunteers was conducted. Subjects were randomly assigned to receive for a 16-week period either 900 mg/day of the supplement or a placebo. Dietary recommendations were individually determined and intakes were recorded. Daily physical mobility was also monitored. Improvement of HRQOL was set as the primary outcome and assessed at baseline and at the end of the investigation using the Short-Form 36 (SF-36) health survey. Body composition was analyzed using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Physical activity was calculated using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ). After 16 weeks, despite there being no adherence to the Mediterranean Diet Serving Score (MDSS), supplemented individuals experienced significant HRQOL improvement (+5.3%;
= 0.001), including enhanced perceived physical (+11.2%;
= 0.002) and mental health (+4.1%;
= 0.021) components, with bodily pain, vitality, and general health being the greatest contributors. Body fat mass significantly decreased (-1.2 kg;
= 0.033), mainly within the trunk area (-1.0 kg;
= 0.002). Engagement in physical activity significantly increased (+1308 Met-min (Metabolic Equivalent Task minutes)/week;
= 0.050). Hence, chronic supplementation with nutritional diversity and dosing of a Mediterranean diet-inspired, polyphenol-rich ingredient resulted in significant amelioration in both perceived physical and mental health, concomitant with the improvement of body composition, in healthy subjects with excessive adiposity.
Abstract Objective The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of dietary silicon-enriched spirulina (SES) on atherosclerosis. Methods Hamsters (six per group) on a high-fat (HF) diet ...received SES or non-enriched spirulina (both at 57 mg/kg body weight) daily. This corresponded to 0.57 mg silicon/kg body weight daily. Results The HF diet induced dyslipidemia, insulin resistance, oxidative stress, and vascular dysfunction. Compared with the HF group, SES attenuated increases of lipemia and prevented insulin resistance (IR) ( P = 0.001). SES protected against oxidative stress through a reduction of heart ( P = 0.006) and liver ( P < 0.0001) nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate-oxidase activity and by sparing the activity of superoxide dismutase ( P = 0.0017) and glutathione peroxidase ( P = 0.01861). SES decreased inflammation, lowering tumor necrosis factor-α ( P = 0.0006) and interleukin-6 levels ( P = 0.0112), decreasing polymorphonuclear cells and preventing nuclear factor-κB activity ( P = 0.0259). SES corrected plasma level of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 ( P = 0.0380), which was increased by the HF diet. Finally, SES supplementation prevented vascular and endothelial functions assessed respectively by the contractile response to the agonist phenylephrine and the relaxation induced by acetylcholine. Conclusion SES protects against metabolic imbalance, inflammation, oxidative stress, and vascular dysfunction induced by an HF diet, and could prevent the atherogenic processes. Synergistic effects between spirulina and silicon were observed.
Workout capacity is energy-production driven. To produce peak metabolic power outputs, the organism predominantly relies more on anaerobic metabolism, but this undoubtedly has a negative and limiting ...impact on muscle function and performance. The aim of the study was to evaluate if an innovative polyphenol-based food supplement, PerfLoad
, was able to improve metabolic homeostasis and physical performance during high-intensity exercises under anaerobic conditions. The effect of a supplementation has been investigated on fifteen recreationally-active male athletes during a randomized, double-blind and crossover clinical investigation. The Wingate test, an inducer of an unbalanced metabolism associated to oxidative stress, was used to assess maximum anaerobic power during a high-intensity exercise on a cycle ergometer. Supplementation with PerfLoad
correlated with a significant increase in total power output (5%), maximal peak power output (3.7%), and average power developed (5%), without inducing more fatigue or greater heart rate. Instead, oxidative homeostasis was stabilized in supplemented subjects. Such results demonstrated that PerfLoad
is a natural and efficient solution capable of, similarly to training benefits, helping athletes to improve their physical performance, while balancing their metabolism and reducing exercise-induced oxidative stress.
•The food industry uses silver nanoparticles as sensors, dietary supplements, additives, and in packaging.•They represent a potential risk of toxicity to the consumer, the intestinal tract and liver ...being their main targets.•Silver nanoparticles can produce free radicals and cause oxidative stress in cells, inducing oxidative damage.•Oxidative stress mediates toxicity by triggering inflammatory reactions and death by necrosis or apoptosis.
Because of their antimicrobial properties, the use of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) is increasing fast in industry, food, and medicine. In the food industry, nanoparticles are used in packaging to enable better conservation products such as sensors to track their lifetime, and as food additives, such as anti-caking agents and clarifying agents for fruit juices. Nanoemulsions, used to encapsulate, protect and deliver additives are also actively developed. Nanomaterials in foods will be ingested and passed through the digestive tract. Those incorporated in food packaging may also be released unintentionally into food, ending up in the gastrointestinal tract. It is therefore important to make a risk assessment of nanomaterials to the consumer. Thus, exposure to AgNPs is increasing in quantity and it is imperative to know their adverse effects in man. However, controversies still remain with respect to their toxic effects and their mechanisms. Understanding the toxic effects and the interactions of AgNPs with biological systems is necessary to handle these nanoparticles and their use. They usually generate reactive oxygen species resulting in increased pro-inflammatory reactions and oxidative stress via intracellular signalling pathways. Here, we mainly focus on the routes of exposure of AgNPs, toxic effects and the mechanisms underlying the induced toxicity.
The development of nutraceutical ingredients has risen as a nutritional solution for health prevention. This study evaluated the effects of Oleactiv
, an ingredient developed for the prevention of ...atherogenesis, in hypercholesterolemic hamsters. Oleactiv
is a polyphenol-rich ingredient obtained from artichoke, olive and grape extracts as part of fruit and vegetables commonly consumed within the Mediterranean diet. A total of 21
hamsters were divided into three groups. The standard group (STD) was fed a normolipidemic diet for 12 weeks, while the control group (CTRL) and Oleactiv
goup (OLE) were fed a high-fat diet. After sacrifice, the aortic fatty streak area (AFSA), plasmatic total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoproteins (HDL-C), non-HDL-C and triglycerides (TG), were assessed. The cholesterol efflux capacity (CEC) of hamster plasma was quantified using a radiolabeled technique in murine macrophages J774. OLE administration induced a significant reduction of AFSA (-69%,
< 0.0001). Hamsters of the OLE group showed a significant decrease of both non-HDL-C (-173 mmol/L,
< 0.05) and TG (-154 mmol/L,
< 0.05). Interestingly, OLE induced a significant increase of total CEC (+17,33%,
< 0,05). Oleactiv
supplementation prevented atheroma development and had positive effects on the lipid profile of hypercholesterolemic hamsters. The increased CEC underlines the anti-atherosclerotic mechanism at the root of the atheroma reduction observed.
Abstract
This study explored major systems of reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and their consequences on oxidative stress, mitochondriogenesis and muscle metabolism in aged rats, and ...evaluated the efficiency of 30-day oral supplementation with a moderate dose of a red grape polyphenol extract (RGPE) on these parameters. In the liver of aged rats, NADPH oxidase activity was increased and mitochondrial respiratory chain complex activities were altered, while xanthine oxidase activity remained unchanged. In muscles, only mitochondrial activity was modified with aging. The oral intake of RGPE decreased liver NADPH oxidase activity in the aged rats without affecting global oxidative stress, suggesting that NADPH oxidase was probably not the dominant detrimental source of production of O2·− in the liver. Interestingly, RGPE supplementation increased mitochondrial biogenesis and improved antioxidant status in the gastrocnemius of aged rats, while it had no significant effect in soleus. RGPE supplementation also decreased age-dependent autophagy in gastrocnemius of aged rats. These results extended existing findings on the beneficial effects of RGPE on mitochondriogenesis and muscle metabolism in aged rats.
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