The paper deals with stochastic-deterministic modelling of radiated electric field by base station antennas (BSAs) operating in GSM frequency range. Within the framework of deterministic analysis, ...the total electric field above a two-layered lossy ground is obtained by considering the incident and reflected ray in the far field zone. The influence of nonhomogeneous lower medium is taken into account via two approaches: Fresnel plane wave reflection coefficient (FRM) and simplified reflection coefficient stemming from Modified Image Theory (MIT). Antenna height, relative conductivity, and permittivity of each ground layer, as well as the thickness of the upper ground layer, are considered as input parameters with inherent uncertainty. To quantify the uncertainty of output electric field, deterministic models are treated as black boxes by two stochastic methods, Monte Carlo (MC) and Stochastic Collocation (SC), respectively. Stochastic mean and standard deviation of the output are computed, and sensitivity analysis is carried out in order to analyze the impact of input parameters’ variations on the resulting electric field variance. The presented results expose weakness and strength of the two stochastic methods, particularly identifying the cases when the preferred SC method fails to converge. Furthermore, sensitivity analysis reveals that despite the smallest variation around its respective average value, the antenna height has the highest impact on the output variance at observation points in the vicinity of the antenna. However, as the distance from the antenna increases, the 1st layer depth and its relative electric permittivity become the most significant parameters.
The aim of this research is to analyse and to determine the differences between tennis players in younger age categories (U12, U and U16) in certain motor skills.
A total of 60 tennis players ranked ...in the rankings of the Croatian Tennis Federation were measured by using 10 tests for assessing explosive strength in jump, speed, agility, and trunk strength. The tennis players were divided into three groups of 20 respondents, depending on the age category in which they compete. Statistically significant differences (
< 0.05) between all age categories were found in indicators of frontal and lateral agility, running speed in the 20-m shuttle run test, and explosive strength in jump and repetitive trunk strength.
The results of the conducted tests indicate a linear development trend for the mentioned skills in relation with the increase of chronological age of the tennis players. Statistically significantly better results were shown between test subjects under 14 years compared to test subjects under 12 years in tests for the assessment of agility (SST,A9-3-6-3-9), in the 20 m sprint test, in tests of explosive strength of lower extremities (CMJ, CMJmax,SJ) and in the test of repetitive trunk strength (TF). Subjects under 16 years achieved significantly better results compared to subjects under 14 years in tests for assessing agility (SST, A9-3-6-3-9), speed (SRT5m, SRT10m, SRT20m) and explosiveness (CMJ, CMJmax, SJ). Players under 16 years recorded significantly better results in all tests for assessing agility (SST,A9-3-6-3-9), speed (SRT5m, SRT10m, SRT20m), explosiveness of the lower extremities (CMJ, CMJmax, SJ) and in the test for assessing repetitive trunk strength (TF). Statistically significant differences were not detected in tests of running speed in the 5-m and 10-m shuttle run tests among U12 and U14 tennis players, nor between U14 and U16 tennis players in the 60-s trunk flexion test. The highest heterogeneity of results in a single age category was determined in the test for assessing isometric trunk strength, and thus tennis players of different age categories do not differ significantly in this skill.
The results of this research point to the development of specific motor skills in accordance with the increase of game demands and chronological age, however, also refer to the problem of muscle imbalance between front and back trunk musculature. Physical conditioning of young tennis players should be multilaterally directed in order to enable injury prevention and adjustment of tennis players to competitive demands.
Komercijalne postaje na osnovi slušanosti i profila slušatelja određuju koncepciju i razvijaju svoj brend. U slučaju da postaja nema odgovarajuću slušanost, odnosno profil slušatelja zanimljiv ...oglašivačima, menadžment mora reagirati. Odluka o rebrendiranju najčešće se donosi s ciljem povećanja slušanosti, odnosno promjene imidža što privlači profil slušatelja koji je atraktivniji oglašivačima. Prema izvješću o slušanosti agencije Ipsos, među 136 komercijalnih radijskih postaja, najslušanija hrvatska postaja u trećem kvartalu 2022. bio je narodni, dok se Gold FM nalazio na 13. mjestu. Iako je bila najslušanija radijska postaja, narodni je u potpunosti rebrendiran te je 16. 11. 2022. postao bravo!, a Gold FM u rebrendiranju je 29. 11. 2022. postao Happy FM. Rad pomoću ankete provedene među slušateljima analizira učinkovitost rebrendiranja u smislu boljeg imidža i kvalitetnijeg profila slušatelja radijskih postaja, istražujući pritom razloge zbog kojih se menadžment odlučio za rebrendiranje, što nakladniku posljedično donosi veću slušanost i bolje poslovne rezultate. U istraživanju metodom telefonske ankete, provedenom u suradnji s agencijom Ipsos, intervjuirano je 12 000 osoba. Anketa je provedena u trima razdobljima: treći kvartal 2022., posljednji u kojem su narodni i Gold FM samostalno emitirali; četvrti kvartal 2022., u kojem je provedeno rebrendiranje radijskih postaja; drugi kvartal 2023., kada su se novi mediji – bravo! i Happy FM – već etablirali na hrvatskoj radijskoj sceni. Rezultati istraživanja pokazali su kako je narodni rebrendiranjem tek djelomice uspio promijeniti svoj imidž, odnosno profil svojih slušatelja. Bravo! su počeli slušati mlađi, obrazovaniji i urbaniji slušatelji,u odnosu na publiku narodnog, ali je nakon rebrendiranja došlo do pada broja slušatelja. Gold FM pak nije bio u samom vrhu po slušanosti, ali je imao dobar imidž i kvalitetan profil slušatelja. Happy FM je nakon rebrendiranja imao znatno lošiju slušanost od Gold FM-a, a pritom je izgubio i pozitivan imidž i za oglašivače zanimljiv profil slušatelja svojeg prethodnika Gold FM-a.
Commercial broadcasters determine the concept and develop their brand on the basis of listenership and listener profile. If radio station does not have an adequate audience or a listener profile interesting to advertisers, the management must react. The decision to rebrand is typically made for the purpose of increasing listenership and changing the image, which attracts a listener profile that is more attractive to advertisers. According to the Ipsos agency’s audience report, the most listened-to Croatian station in the third quarter of 2022 was narodni, whilst Gold FM ranked thirteenth out of 136 commercial radio stations. Despite being the most popular radio station, narodni underwent a complete rebranding and on November 16, 2022 became bravo! Gold FM was rebranded on November 29, 2022 and became Happy FM. The work, using a survey, analyzes the effectiveness of rebranding in terms of a better image and a better profile of listeners, while investigating the reasons why the management decided to rebrand, which results in more listeners and improved financial outcomes for the publisher. In collaboration with the Ipsos agency, 12,000 individuals were interviewed using the telephone survey method. The survey was conducted in three periods: the third quarter of 2022, the last in which narodni and Gold FM broadcast independently; the fourth quarter of 2022, in which the rebran ding of radio stations was carried out; the second quarter of 2023, when the new media - Bravo! and Happy FM – have already established themselves on the Croa tian radio scene. The results of the research showed that narodni by rebranding only partially managed to change its image and the profile of its listeners. Bravo! started to be listened to by younger, more educated and urban audience, compared to the li steners of narodni radio, but the number of listeners dropped. Although its listener ship was not the highest, Gold FM had a positive image and a high-quality profile of listeners. Following the rebranding, Happy FM had significantly worse listenership than Gold FM, and at the same time it lost both the positive image and the listener profile interesting for advertisers that Gold FM, its predecessor, possessed.
Ne žele biti teret svojoj stranci Galić, Marin; Culifaj, Anita; Lalić, Dražen
Medijska istraživanja,
06/2023, Volume:
29, Issue:
1
Journal Article, Paper
Peer reviewed
Open access
Različite afere koje uključuju političare i druge javne dužnosnike česta su pojava na hrvatskoj političkoj sceni u posljednjem desetljeću. Komuniciranje uključenih aktera u tom za njih neugodnom ...trenutku dosad nije bilo predmetom dubljih istraživanja društvenih znanstvenika na ovim prostorima. Zbog velikoga tehničkog razvoja medija, snažne personalizacije komunikacije i ostalih razloga, političari su vrlo svjesni važnosti svoje prisutnosti u javnosti, što u izvjesnim situacijama uključuje i krizno komuniciranje. Rad ispituje postoji li u toj komunikaciji na relaciji političari – mediji zajednički kolektivno prihvaćeni obrazac koji pripada njihovu specifičnom habitusu i odvija li se dinamika komuniciranja političara od početka afere do njezina javnog okončanja dominantno u skladu s njihovom lojalnošću stranci i instituciji kojoj pripadaju. U istraživanju je korištena metoda kvalitativne analize sadržaja. U razdoblju od 2010. do 2021. analizirano je 35 afera političara i dužnosnika (ukupno 471 izjava) koje prema kvantitetu i sadržaju adekvatno predstavljaju komuniciranje ključnih aktera afera. Istraživanje je pokazalo kako se afersko komuniciranje odvija u tri faze: u prvoj fazi političari pod svaku cijenu nastoje poricati postojanje afere i svoju odgovornost u njoj. U drugoj fazi uglavnom prebacuju krivnju, prije svega na medije, a zatim i na druge aktere iz afere, ali i na političke suparnike. Pritom u komunikaciji koriste personalizaciju i uključuju svoj imidž. Treća faza uključuje suočavanje sa strankom u kojoj političari svoje interese podređuju onima svoje stranke. U toj fazi potvrđuje se kako se komunikacija političara odvija dominantno u skladu s lojalnošću stranci. Istraživanje također pokazuje kako tijekom svih triju faza komunikacije političari intenzivno upotrebljavaju svoje kapitale, a najizrazitije onaj socijalni, kako bi suzbili optužbe, odnosno ojačali svoj ugled u javnosti, naročito unutar svoje stranke.
Various scandals involving politicians and other public officials have been a common occurrence on the Croatian political scene over the last decade. The communication of the actors involved in this awkward moment for them has so far not been the subject of research by social scientists in this area. Due to the great technical development of the media, distinct personalization of communication and other reasons, politicians are more than aware of the importance of their presence in public, which includes crisis communication in certain situations. The paper examines whether there is a common, generally accepted pattern in this communication involving politicians and the media pertaining to their specific habitus, as well as whether the dynamics of the politicians’ communication from the beginning of the affair to its public end are predominantly in line with their loyalty to their parties and institutions. The method used within this research is qualitative content analysis. In the period from 2010 to 2021, 35 scandals involving politicians and public officials were analysed (a total of 471 statements), which, in terms of quantity and content, adequately represent the communication of key actors in the scandals. Research has shown that crisis communication takes place over three stages: during the first stage, politicians try to deny the existence of the scandal and their responsibility for it at all costs. In the second stage, they mostly shift the blame, first onto the media, then other actors involved in the scandal, but also political rivals. In doing so, they use personalization in communication and rely on their image. The third stage involves confronting the party in whose favour politicians subordinate their interests. When it comes to that stage, it has been determined that political communication takes place predominantly in accordance with the loyalty to the party. The research has also shown that during all three stages of communication, politicians use their capital intensively, notably the social one, in order to suppress accusations, i.e. strengthen their public image and reputation within their parties.
The digital transformation has revolutionized the media industry, reshaping the way news is consumed and challenging the dominance of traditional printed publications. As technology continues to ...advance at an unprecedented pace, it is crucial to examine the evolving landscape of news publishing and understand the preferences and behaviors of readers in the context of digital and printed newspaper formats. This research article presents a comparative analysis of reader opinions on a significant Croatian e-publication over a five-year period, aiming to explore the impact of digital transformation on readers` perceptions, engagement, and preferences between online and traditional printed content. By delving into the advantages, challenges, and trends associated with e-publications and printed editions, this study provides valuable insights into the dynamic relationship between readers and news publications in the digital era.
This paper outlines four different models for the assessment of the electric field radiated by the base station antenna system, thus featuring the Free Space Model (FS), Perfect Ground Model (PG), ...Fresnel Reflection Coefficient Model (RC) and Modified Image Theory Model (MIT). The results obtained with these approaches are compared to the results computed via Numerical Electromagnetics Code (NEC). Several variables have been varied to examine the accuracy of each calculation model. The calculations have been undertaken for the far field only. As many European countries perform the field assessment using the FS model, the final goal of this work is to come up with the most convenient model for the field calculation.
Suvremeni život u urbanim sredinama ima mnoge pozitivne strane. No, suočava nas i s brojnim izazovima, kao što su prometna zakrčenost i onečišćenje okoliša zbog povećane uporabe prometnih sredstava. ...U urbanim sredinama vožnja od samo nekoliko kilometara za vrijeme „prometnog čepa“ traje znatno dulje od očekivanog. Zagreb ima i kronični problem nedostatka parkirnih mjesta u centru grada, kao i dostupnosti javnih garaža. Širenjem prometnica, uvođenjem novih pješačkih zona i izgradnjom interpolacija, broj parkirnih mjesta stalno se smanjuje. Usto, fiskalna politika Vlade u pogledu visokih trošarina na uvoz novih automobila poskupljuje nabavu novih vozila i kupce usmjerava prema starijim i rabljenim modelima. Novu vrstu mobilnosti u gradskim sredinama omogućuju mala električna vozila: električni romobil (e-romobil), Segway, hoverboard i električni skateboard (e-skateboard).
Contemporary life in urban areas, in addition to many positive aspects, has also brought traffic congestion and heavy pollution caused by use of means of transport. In urban areas, driving a few kilometres during a “traffic jam” takes much longer than expected. In Zagreb, there is also an enduring lack of parking slots in the city centre, as well as the lack of availability of public garages. With the expansion of roads and introduction of new pedestrian zones, as well as construction of interpolations, the number of parking slots is constantly decreasing. In addition, Governmental fiscal policy of high import duties on new cars significantly increases the cost of vehicles and directs buyers towards older used models. New mobility is achieved through personal light electric vehicles: e-scooters, Segway, hoverboards and e-skateboards.
The paper presents the stochastic analysis of the transmitted power density (TPD) in a two-layered planar tissue model (skin+fat and skin+muscle), exposed to a plane wave incidence at 10, 30 and 90 ...GHz. Electric field, specific absorption rate (SAR) and TPD are computed analytically. Furthermore, tissues' permittivities and conductivities are modelled as uniformly distributed random variables. Uncertainty from the input parameter set is propagated to output electric field, SAR and TPD by means of stochastic collocation method. Stochastic mean and confidence intervals for output parameters are computed. Additionally, ANOVA sensitivity analysis is carried out thus evaluating the impact of the input parameters' variations on TPD confidence interval width.
The coronavirus disease (COVID-19), caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, brought about enormous and farreaching changes in Croatia and all over the world, As expected, the epidemic also affected the ...teaching process at universities. Initially, the objective was mere survival, whereas now the world is faced with a situation in which what proved to be a good solution during the pandemic ought to be implemented in the system of education. In this context, the task of journalists is multifaceted - they are supposed to educate themselves and at the same time provide education to others, as well as to report on the situation. The question arises as to how ready we were to face the situation in which we found ourselves as a society and as a profession.
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