We construct the effective Hamiltonian for hadronic parity violation in strangeness-nonchanging (ΔS=0) processes in next-to-leading order (NLO) in QCD, for all isosectors, and at a renormalization ...scale of 2GeV, thus extending our earlier leading-order (LO) analysis 1,2. Hadronic parity violation, studied in the context of the low-energy interactions of nucleons and nuclei, exposes the complex interplay of weak and strong interactions in these systems, and thus supports our extension to NLO. Here we exploit the flavor-blind nature of QCD interactions to construct the needed anomalous dimension matrices from those computed in flavor physics, which we then use to refine our effective Hamiltonian and finally our predicted parity-violating meson-nucleon coupling constants, to find improved agreement with few-body experiments.
We present a QCD analysis of the effective weak Hamiltonian at hadronic energy scales for strangeness-nonchanging (ΔS=0) hadronic processes. Performing a leading-order renormalization group analysis ...in QCD from the W to the O(2GeV) energy scale, we derive the pertinent effective Hamiltonian for hadronic parity violation, including the effects of both neutral and charged weak currents. We compute the complete renormalization group evolution of all isosectors and the evolution through heavy-flavor thresholds for the first time. We show that the additional four-quark operators that enter below the W mass scale from QCD operator mixing effects form a closed set, and they result in a 12×12 anomalous dimension matrix. Computing the resulting effective Hamiltonian and comparing to earlier results, we affirm the importance of operator mixing effects and find, as an example, that the parity-violating pion-nucleon coupling constant, using the factorization Ansatz and an assessment of the pertinent quark charge of the nucleon in lattice QCD at the 2 GeV scale, is in better agreement with recent experiments.
Utilizing the concepts of time and academic capitalism in the neoliberal university, this qualitative study examined 12 tenured faculty members' sensemaking of productivity from their sabbatical ...leaves from one research university in the United States. The commodification of time and outputs from the sabbatical in remunerative terms as well as internalized feelings of guilt or shame were themes that emerged from this study.
We employ the simplest possible models of scalar-fermion interactions that are consistent with the gauge symmetries of the Standard Model and permit no proton decay to analyze the connections ...possible among processes that break baryon number by two units. In this context we show how the observation of n-n¯ oscillations and of a pattern of particular nucleon–antinucleon conversion processes — all accessible through e-d scattering — namely, selecting from e−p→e+p¯, e−p→n¯ν¯, e−n→p¯ν¯, and e−n→e−n¯ would reveal that the decay π−π−→e−e− must occur also. This latter process is the leading contribution to neutrinoless double beta decay in nuclei mediated by new short-distance physics, in contrast to that mediated by light Majorana neutrino exchange. The inferred existence of π−π−→e−e− would also reveal the Majorana nature of the neutrino, though the absence of this inference would not preclude it.
Twenty doctoral students in the disciplines of chemistry and history were interviewed to better understand the socialization processes that influence their success and how these processes differ by ...year in the degree program and disciplinary culture. Five major themes emerged describing these socialization processes and how they facilitate or impede degree success, including Ambiguity, describing the programmatic guidelines and expectations that surrounded much of the students' experience; Balance, pointing to the students' need to balance graduate school responsibilities along with external relationships and demands; Independence, describing the students' desire to find equilibrium as they transitioned to the role of independent scholar; Development, highlighting the significant cognitive, personal, and professional development that occurs in these students' graduate experience; and Support, describing the faculty, peer, and financial support needed for the students' success in their degree programs. Suggestions for policy, practice, and further research are discussed. (HRK / Abstract übernommen).
Sixty doctoral students and 34 faculty members were interviewed in departments identified as having high and low doctoral student completion rates at one institution in the United States in order to ...examine the cultural contexts and structures that facilitate or hinder doctoral student completion. This paper outlines the differences in understandings of doctoral student attrition by role and by department using attribution theory. Implications for policy, practice, and further research are included.
We consider the possibility of neutron-antineutron (n−n¯) conversion, in which the change of a neutron into an antineutron is mediated by an external source, as can occur in a scattering process. We ...develop the connections between n−n¯ conversion and n−n¯ oscillation, in which a neutron spontaneously transforms into an antineutron, noting that if n−n¯ oscillation occurs in a theory with baryon number minus lepton number (B-L) violation, then n−n¯ conversion can occur also. We show how an experimental limit on n−n¯ conversion could connect concretely to a limit on n−n¯ oscillation, and vice versa, using effective field theory techniques and baryon matrix elements computed in the MIT bag model.
The faculty sabbatical leave has been present in many institutions of higher education since its inception at Harvard University in 1880 but is relatively underexamined in the literature related to ...the outcomes not only to the institution but also to the faculty member. This study included interviews with 12 faculty members at one research university in the U.S. to better understand their perceptions of their sabbatical experiences in relation to the model of faculty professional growth. Findings underscored that faculty were agentic in their learning, the professional relationships they sought out to do this learning, as well as the commitments they made in this learning and growth, including that of their own work-life balance.
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