In order to understand the degradation of different residual pesticides of white clover silage and their influence on silage quality, three commonly used orchard pesticides with different ...concentrations were added to the white clover and fermented for 90 days. The results showed that the degradation rate of cypermethrin and its toxic degradation product 3-phenoxybenzoic acid (3-PBA) was the highest after silage, at different concentrations, both were 100%. The degradation rate of Tebuconazole and chloropyridine was 72.47–80.27% and 47.76–64.82%, of which 3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinol (TCP) content, poisonous toxic degradation product, increased 0.0525–0.253 mg·kg−1. The residues of beta-cypermethrin and tebuconazole had reached safety standards after silage. As compared with the control, the contents of lactic acid, acetic acid, and propionic acid increased in the treated samples. The higher concentrations of three pesticides all significantly reduced the lactic acid content of silage (p<0.05). Pesticides had different effects on the nutritional components of white clover silage. Conclusively, silage is a potential way to expand the utilization of covering plants in orchards.
Phosphorus is critical for the regulation of numerous metabolic processes in plants, and so understanding the mechanisms by which plants acquire phosphorus is important. Phosphate solubilizing ...bacteria (PSB) are thought to promote the uptake of phosphorus by plants. The effects of PSB YJILJH and YJ101 strains on the growth of white clover (
Trifolium repens
L.) were investigated through the production of the plant hormone IAA and the change of available phosphorus content in the soil. Two strains of YJILJH and YJ101 were selected from the rhizosphere soil of white clover among rows of apple orchards. Combined with 16S rDNA and next-generation sequencing (NGS), the strains were identified as
Staphylococcus hominis
and
Staphylococcus epidermidis
, respectively. The two strains had strong phosphate solubilizing ability, and had solubilization index (SI) values of 4.39 and 3.95, respectively. The dissolved amounts of soy lecithin were 351.2 and 387.3 mg/L in liquid medium, respectively. The amount of Ca
3
(PO
4
)
2
dissolved reached 506.3 and 789.8 mg/L, respectively. The pot experiment showed that the biomass of white clover after adding the two strains increased by 21.17% and 36.49%, the total phosphorus (TP) content increased by 28.87% and 30.41%, and the soil available phosphorus (AP) content increased by 86.63% and 47.16%, respectively. This study also found that both strains can produce IAA content reaching 55.95 and 54.33 pmol / L in 72 h. In regard to relative gene expression,
trpD
and
trpA
genes were expressed in the different treatments, while
ipdC
was only expressed in Luria-Bertani broth (LB broth) and NBRIP media (+ soy lecithin). It is speculated that the pathway of IAA synthesis by both strains may be related to the tryptophan side chain pathway and the indole-3-pyruvate pathway. The IAA produced by the two bacteria strains is an important reason to promote the growth of white clover and participate in the process of reducing the environmental pH of the growth medium.
Wind erosion happens frequently in winter and spring, when vegetation is bare and the surface soil is prone to erosion. Therefore, the erosion resistance provided by litter is important. To ...investigate the soil erosion-reducing efficiency of different types of litter, litter-covered sites of Populus simonii (LPS), Caragana korshinskii (LCK) and Bothriochloa ischaemum (LBI) were studied, respectively, and bare sandy land (BSL) was taken as a control. Results showed that litter cover increased the aerodynamic roughness by 44.9%–107.1% and the friction velocity by 11.5%–52.0%. Under the conditions of fixed coverage, changing wind speed and conditions of fixed wind speed, changing coverage, the average soil erosion-reducing efficiency both showed the highest in LBI, followed by LCK and LPS. According to the trend analysis, the critical coverage of litter of Populus simonii (PS), Caragana korshinskii (CK) and Bothriochloa ischaemum (BI) to reduce the soil erosion were 8.7%, 8.2% and 9.1%, respectively. We concluded that the soil erosion-reducing efficiency varied due to the shape of litter, and the difference was significant at high wind speed (10 m s−1 and 12 m s−1). Besides, not all litter cover was effective in reducing erosion, and the critical coverage was a crucial factor that cannot be ignored.
•When the coverage of litter was fixed and the wind speed was adjusted, the erosion reduction efficiencies were 49.1% ~ 96.6%.•When the wind speed was fixed and the coverage of litter was changed, the wind erosion reduction efficiencies were –10.2% ~ 80.6%.•According to the trend, the critical coverage of litter to reduce soil erosion were 8.2% ~ 9.1%.•The erosion reduction effect caused by the difference in the shape of litter was particularly obvious at high wind speeds.•The wind erosion reduction efficiency showed that litter-covered sites of BI > CK > PS.
In order to understand the degradation of different residual pesticides of white clover silage and their influence on silage quality, three commonly used orchard pesticides with different ...concentrations were added to the white clover and fermented for 90 days. The results showed that the degradation rate of cypermethrin and its toxic degradation product 3-phenoxybenzoic acid (3-PBA) was the highest after silage, at different concentrations, both were 100%. The degradation rate of Tebuconazole and chloropyridine was 72.47–80.27% and 47.76–64.82%, of which 3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinol (TCP) content, poisonous toxic degradation product, increased 0.0525–0.253 mg·kg−1. The residues of beta-cypermethrin and tebuconazole had reached safety standards after silage. As compared with the control, the contents of lactic acid, acetic acid, and propionic acid increased in the treated samples. The higher concentrations of three pesticides all significantly reduced the lactic acid content of silage (p<0.05). Pesticides had different effects on the nutritional components of white clover silage. Conclusively, silage is a potential way to expand the utilization of covering plants in orchards.
Ovarian development is a complex process controlled by precise coordination of multiple factors. The targeted gene knockout technique is a powerful tool to study the functions of these factors. The ...successful application of this technique in mice in the past three decades has significantly enhanced our understanding on the molecular mechanism of ovarian development. Recently, with the advent of genome editing techniques, targeted gene knockout research can be carried out in many species. Zebrafish has emerged as an excellent model system to study the control of ovarian development. Dozens of genes related to ovarian development have been knocked out in zebrafish in recent years. Much new information and perspectives on the molecular mechanism of ovarian development have been obtained from these mutant zebrafish. Some findings have challenged conventional views. Several genes have been identified for the first time in vertebrates to control ovarian development. Focusing on ovarian development, the purpose of this review is to briefly summarize recent findings using these gene knockout zebrafish models, and compare these findings with mammalian models. These established mutants and rapid development of gene knockout techniques have prompted zebrafish as an ideal animal model for studying ovarian development.
•Zebrafish can serve as a good animal model for studying ovarian development.•Dozens of genes involved in ovarian development have been investigated by targeted gene knockout techniques in zebrafish.•This review focuses on recent findings on ovarian development using targeted gene knockout zebrafish models.
This study examined the relationship between family capital (FC) and academic achievement in geography along with the mediating role of creativity. The main objective was to determine if FC is a ...positive predictor of creativity and geographic achievement, and whether creativity completely or partially mediates the relationship between FC and geographic achievement. 1268 high school students participated in this study using the Family Capital Questionnaire (FCQ), the Innovative Behavior Scale (IBS), and students' class geography scores. SPSS 26 and Amos software were used to analyze the descriptive statistics and the correlation between the main variables. The mediating role of creativity was tested using PROCESS version 4. The correlation analyses showed that FC positively affected academic achievement in geography (β = 0.382, SE = 0.019). Creativity also demonstrated a positive effect on geography academic achievement (β = 0.376, SE = 0.022). The mediation analysis showed that creativity mediated and buffered the relationship between FC and academic achievement in geography. Thus, FC directly affected students' academic achievement in geography and indirectly affected their creativity. This clearly demonstrates that student characteristics and the external environment should be emphasized in geography education, while placing a strong focus on cultivating individual creativity.
Hepatocellular-cholangiocarcinoma (H-ChC) is a rare subtype of liver cancer with clinicopathological features of both hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (iCCA). To ...date, molecular mechanisms underlying the co-existence of HCC and iCCA components in a single tumor remain elusive. Here, we show that H-ChC samples contain substantial private mutations from WES analyses, ranging from 33.1 to 86.4%, indicative of substantive intratumor heterogeneity (ITH). However, on the other hand, numerous ubiquitous mutations shared by HCC and iCCA suggest the monoclonal origin of H-ChC. Mutated genes identified herein, e.g., VCAN, ACVR2A, and FCGBP, are speculated to contribute to distinct differentiation of HCC and iCCA within H-ChC. Moreover, immunohistochemistry demonstrates that EpCAM is highly expressed in 80% of H-ChC, implying the stemness of such liver cancer. In summary, our data highlight the monoclonal origin and stemness of H-ChC, as well as substantial intratumoral heterogeneity.
Family environment has the major impact on children's academic development. The aim of this study was to research the relationship between family capital and academic achievement in geography. ...Further, geospatial thinking, as a form of spatial thinking focusing on the scale of the geographical environment, is closely related to family environment and academic achievement in geography. Thus, the study was more specifically to apply a mediation model to explore the potential mediating role of geospatial thinking.
A total of 1,037 upper-secondary-school students in Western China were surveyed using t the
and the
. SPSS (version 26.0) was used for descriptive statistical analysis and correlation analysis. The PROCESS plug-in (version 4.0) was used to test the mediating effect of geospatial thinking.
(1) The correlation analysis showed that family capital has a positive effect on academic achievement in geography and is related to geospatial thinking. Moreover, geospatial thinking exerts a positive effect on academic achievement in geography. (2) The results of mediation analysis indicated that geospatial thinking plays mediating and buffering roles in the relationship between family capital and academic achievement in geography after controlling for family residence and gender. The direct and indirect effects accounted for 75.32% and 24.68% of the total effect, respectively.
The results indicated that family capital not only affected academic achievement in geography directly but also indirectly through geospatial thinking. This finding provides some ideas for the development of geography education, which suggests that geography educators need to pay more attention to the influence of the family environment on students' geography learning in curriculum design and teaching processes. Also, the mediating role of geospatial thinking further uncovers the mechanisms underlying the academic achievement in geography. Therefore, it is necessary to focus on both students' family capital and geospatial thinking in the process of geography learning, and carry out more geospatial thinking training to improve academic achievement in geography.
Although previous studies have found a close relationship between sense of place and creativity, few studies have been conducted considering the micro-environment of the classroom. The mediating role ...of classmate relationships in the association between students' sense of place and creativity remains unclear.
This study explores classmate relationships as a mediating factor in the relationship between sense of place and creativity. Therefore, we considered a sample of 1555 Chinese high-school students and used a paper-based questionnaire survey. Data analysis was performed using SPSS 24.0, PROCESS 3.2 plugin, and AMOS.
Sense of place in the micro-environment of the classroom has a significant positive predictive effect on creativity. Sense of place also has a significant positive predictive effect on peer relationships. The mediation analysis reveals that peer relationships play a mediating role in the relationship between the sense of place and creativity.
This study revealed the associations between sense of place, classmate relationships, and creativity. Creativity is better expressed in students with a strong sense of place in the classroom. Moreover, a student's sense of place can enhance their creativity by influencing their peer relationships. These findings enrich the research in educational psychology within the classroom, providing new insights for fostering creativity.
Purpose
This study explored the relationship between sense of place and academic achievement in geography and used a mediation model to verify the mediating role of creativity in this relationship.
...Methods
A total of 1,037 upper secondary school students were surveyed using the
Sense of Place Scale
, the
Innovative Behavior Scale
, and their
geography test scores
. SPSS (version 26.0) was used for descriptive statistical analysis and correlation analysis. The PROCESS plug-in (version 4.0) was used to test the mediating effect of creativity.
Results
(1) The correlation analysis showed that sense of place has a positive effect on academic achievement in geography and is related to creativity. Moreover, creativity exerts a positive effect on academic achievement in geography (2). The results of mediation analysis indicated that creativity plays mediating and buffering roles in the relationship between sense of place and academic achievement in geography after controlling for gender and residential address. The direct and indirect effects accounted for 65.708 and 34.292% of the total effect, respectively.
Conclusions
The results indicated that sense of place affected not only academic achievement in geography directly but also creativity indirectly. This conclusion provides certain ideas for the development of geography curriculums. Since academic achievement in geography is related to both sense of place and creativity, it is necessary to pay more attention to integrating sense of place in geography education and to foster creativity in curriculum development and teaching of geography.
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