Narrow‐dispersity thermoresponsive block copolymers of poly(ethylene oxide)‐block‐poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide) self‐assemble into vesicles at temperatures above 32 °C. The vesicles integrate a ...hydrophobic fluorescent dye into their membranes and encapsulate the hydrophilic anticancer drug doxorubicin. Temperature‐controlled release of the dye through disintegration of the vesicles takes place at temperatures below 32 °C, as shown in the figure.
The effects of short-term blood flow restriction (BFR) exercise on muscle blood flow perfusion and performance during high-intensity exercise were determined in elite para-alpine standing skiers to ...assess whether this would be an effective training regimen for elite athletes with disabilities.
Nine national-level para-alpine standing skiers (mean age, 20.67 ± 1.34 yr; four women) were recruited. Nondominant lower limbs were trained with BFR (eight in final analyses), and dominant lower limbs were trained without BFR (seven in final analyses). The 2-wk protocol included high-load resistance, local muscle endurance (circuit resistance training), and aerobic endurance (stationary cycling) training performed 4 times a week, with BFR during local muscle endurance and aerobic endurance sessions. Muscle strength was measured by maximal voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC) in the knee extensors; microcirculatory blood perfusion (MBP), by laser Doppler blood flow; and muscle strength and endurance, by the total amount of work (TW) performed during high-intensity centrifugal and concentric contractions.
BFR significantly increased absolute and relative MVIC (P < 0.001, P = 0.001), MBP (P = 0.011, P = 0.008), and TW (P = 0.006, P = 0.007) from pretraining values, whereas only absolute MVIC increased without BFR (P = 0.047). However, the MVIC increase with BFR exercise (35.88 ± 14.83 N·m) was significantly greater (P = 0.040) than without BFR exercise (16.71 ± 17.79 N·m).
Short-term BFR exercise significantly increased strength endurance, muscle strength, and MBP in national-level para-alpine standing skiers. Our study provides new evidence that BFR exercise can improve local muscle blood perfusion during high-intensity exercise and informs BFR exercise strategies for athletes with disabilities.
Increasing evidence suggests that large intervening non-coding RNAs (lincRNAs) regulate key pathways in cancer invasion and metastasis. In this observational retrospective study, the expression of ...the oncogenic lincRNA HOX transcript antisense RNA (HOTAIR) gene was measured in 63 patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) following hepatic resection. The HOTAIR gene was significantly overexpressed in HCC tissues compared with adjacent non-tumour tissues. Patients with high HOTAIR gene expression in their tumours had an increased risk of recurrence after hepatectomy. There was also a significant correlation between HOTAIR expression and lymph node metastasis. In vitro assays in the HCC cell line Bel7402 demonstrated that knockdown of HOTAIR lincRNA reduced cell proliferation and was associated with reductions in levels of matrix metalloproteinase-9 and vascular endothelial growth factor protein, which are important for cell motility and metastasis. In conclusion, HOTAIR lincRNA might be a potential biomarker for the existence of lymph node metastasis in HCC.
Abstract
In this study, We demonstrated that Bax mitochondrial translocation plays a vital role in the initiation of the mitochondrial signaling pathway upon activation by heat stress. In addition, ...both p53 mitochondrial translocation and Ca
2+
signal mediated MPTP opening activate Bax mitochondrial translocation. Employing pifithrin-α (a p53 mitochondrial translocation inhibitor) and CsA (a permeability transition pore (MPTP) inhibitor), we found that heat stress induced Bax mitochondrial translocation was significantly inhibited in cells pretreated with both PFT and CsA. Furthermore, we demonstrated that generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) is a critical mediator in heat stress induced apoptosis and that the antioxidant MnTBAP significantly decreased heat stress induced p53 mitochondrial translocation and Ca
2+
signal mediated MPTP opening, as well as the subsequent Bax mitochondrial translocation and activation of the caspase cascade. Taken together, our results indicate that heat stress induces apoptosis through the mitochondrial pathway with ROS dependent mitochondrial p53 translocation and Ca
2+
dyshomeostasis and the ensuing intro Bax mitochondrial translocation as the upstream events involved in triggering the apoptotic process observed upon cellular exposure to heat stress.
Plant environmental responses involve dynamic changes in growth and signaling, yet little is understood as to how progress through these events is regulated. Here, we explored the phenotypic and ...transcriptional events involved in the acclimation of the Arabidopsis thaliana seedling root to a rapid change in salinity. Using live-imaging analysis, we show that growth is dynamically regulated with a period of quiescence followed by recovery then homeostasis. Through the use of a new high-resolution spatio-temporal transcriptional map, we identify the key hormone signaling pathways that regulate specific transcriptional programs, predict their spatial domain of action, and link the activity of these pathways to the regulation of specific phases of growth. We use tissue-specific approaches to suppress the abscisic acid (ABA) signaling pathway and demonstrate that ABA likely acts in select tissue layers to regulate spatially localized transcriptional programs and promote growth recovery. Finally, we show that salt also regulates many tissue-specific and time point—specific transcriptional responses that are expected to modify water transport, Casparian strip formation, and protein translation. Together, our data reveal a sophisticated assortment of regulatory programs acting together to coordinate spatially patterned biological changes involved in the immediate and long-term response to a stressful shift in environment.
Cyclines E : acteurs clés de la spermatogenèse Martinerie, L., Dr; Manterola, M., Dr; Panigrahi, S., Dr ...
Annales d'endocrinologie,
September 2015, Volume:
76, Issue:
4
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
Objectif Les cyclines E (E1 et E2) sont des éléments clés de la régulation du cycle cellulaire. Cependant, leur invalidation respective n’a pour seule conséquence qu’une fertilité réduite chez les ...mâles E2− /− . Afin de mieux comprendre le rôle des cyclines E dans la spermatogénèse, nous avons étudié leur expression dans le testicule murin. Matériel et méthodes Comparaison de l’expression de E1 et E2 (qPCR, hybrydation in situ, western blot et immunofluorescence) et des phénotypes des souris mâles sauvages, E1+ /+ E2− /− , E1+ /− E2− /− et Stra8-Cre E1flox /flox E2− /− (doublement invalidées dans les cellules méiotiques). Résultats On observe une dissociation entre l’expression des ARNm de E1 (présent des spermatogonies aux spermatocytes) et la protéine (uniquement détectée dans les spermatogonies). L’expression de E2 (ARNm et protéine) est, elle, spécifique au spermatocytes I, du stade zygotene au stade diplotene. La génération de souris mâles E1+ /+ E2− /− , E1+ /− E2− /− et Stra8-Cre E1flox /flox E2− /− induit une diminution de la fertilité, proportionnelle à la perte d’allèles. Chez les mâles E1+ /+ E2− /− , subfertiles, l’expression de la protéine E1 est up-régulée dans les spermatocytes, compensant partiellement la perte de E2. Les mâles E1+ /− E2− /− et Stra8-Cre E1flox /flox E2− /− sont azoospermiques, par apoptose des spermatocytes I au stade pachytène (plus précocement chez les mâles Stra8-Cre E1flox /flox E2− /− ), secondaire à des anomalies de formation du complexe synaptonemal, des associations chromosomiques hétérologues, et à la persistance de nombreuses cassures double-brins. Conclusion Ces résultats révèlent un rôle inattendu et crucial des cyclines E au cours de la méiose, et ouvrent de nouvelles perspectives dans la compréhension des mécanismes de l’infertilité masculine.
The phase diagram of hydrogen is one of the most important challenges in high-pressure physics and astrophysics. Especially, the melting of dense hydrogen is complicated by dimer dissociation, ...metallization and nuclear quantum effect of protons, which together lead to a cold melting of dense hydrogen when above 500 GPa. Nonetheless, the variation of the melting curve at higher pressures is virtually uncharted. Here we report that using ab initio molecular dynamics and path integral simulations based on density functional theory, a new atomic phase is discovered, which gives an uplifting melting curve of dense hydrogen when beyond 2 TPa, and results in a reentrant solid-liquid transition before entering the Wigner crystalline phase of protons. The findings greatly extend the phase diagram of dense hydrogen, and put metallic hydrogen into the group of alkali metals, with its melting curve closely resembling those of lithium and sodium.
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