Mechanical properties of creep enhanced ferritic (CSEF) steels is affected by various parameters, the solutionizing temperature is one of them. The present work demonstrates the effect of ...solutionizing temperature on microstructure and mechanical properties of CSEF P91 steel. Optical metallography (OM) and Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were carried out to study the microstructure of P91 steel in different heat treatment conditions. In order to determine the precipitates present in microstructure; X-ray analysis was performed. Moreover, the influence of solutionizing temperature on the mechanical properties (strength, hardness and impact toughness) has also been studied.
•SEM-EDS analysis of P91 steel precipitates present at grain boundary and grain interior were carried out.•For constant tempering time effect of normalizing temperature on precipitate size, particle-to particle distance, and grain size were carried out.•Effect of normalizing temperature on tensile strength, yield strength, hardness, % elongation and % reduction of area of P91 steel were studied.•For constant tempering time effect of normalizing temperature on room temperature impact toughness of P91 steel were studied. Fracture surface after impact testing were also characterized by using SEM.•Fracture surface after room temperature tensile testing were also characterized by using SEM to study the effect of normalizing temperature on fracture surface.
Heavy nuclear targets are used in neutrino oscillation experiments to boost the statistics of neutrino interactions. The complex nuclear environment contributes to the systematic uncertainty as the ...inevitable nuclear effects. Inadequate knowledge of the neutrino interaction with the nuclear target along with the imperfect reconstruction of neutrino energy seeds uncertainty in the cross-section. Uncertainty in the cross-section propagates as a systematic uncertainty in the determination of the neutrino oscillation parameters. For precision physics, future neutrino oscillation experiments will require understanding of the neutrino nucleus-interaction and neutrino energy reconstruction with a high level of accuracy. In this work, we aim to quantify the second resonance contributions to the neutrino interaction in Argon for reducing systematic uncertainties in the physics predictions for the DUNE Near Detector (ND). We present the results as the ratio distribution of dσdQ2 for Δ(1232) resonance and the extended analysis to the second resonance region P11(1440), D13(1520), and S11(1535). This inclusion shows a significant contribution to the total cross-section compared to the case where only the Δ(1232) resonance is considered.
Steroidal glycoalkaloids (SGAs) such as α-solanine found in solanaceous food plants— as, for example, potato— are antinutritional factors for humans. Comparative coexpression analysis between tomato ...and potato coupled with chemical profiling revealed an array of 10 genes that partake in SGA biosynthesis. We discovered that six of them exist as a cluster on chromosome 7, whereas an additional two are adjacent in a duplicated genomic region on chromosome 12. Following systematic functional analysis, we suggest a revised SGA biosynthetic pathway starting from cholesterol up to the tetrasaccharide moiety linked to the tomato SGA aglycone. Silencing GLYCOALKALOID METABOLISM 4 prevented accumulation of SGAs in potato tubers and tomato fruit. This may provide a means for removal of unsafe, antinutritional substances present in these widely used food crops.
► A multilayer feed forward ANN model is used to predict the removal of As (III). ► The inputs are conc., dosage, temp., times and output is (%) of As (III) removal. ► Maximum sorption efficiency of ...As (III) is 85.24% using
B. cereus biomass. ►
B. cereus is low-cost biomass with considerable high sorption capacity.
In this work, an intensive study has been made on the removal efficiency of As (III) from aqueous solution by biosorption of living
Bacillus cereus biomass.
Bacillus cereus biomass is characterized using SEM-EDX and FTIR. The effect of various parameters such as initial concentration of arsenic (III), biosorbent dosage, temperature and contact time is studied systematically. The maximum biosorption of arsenic (III) is found to be 85.24% at pH 7.5, equilibrium time of 90
min by using biosorbent of 6
g/L and initial concentration of 1
mg/L of arsenic (III) solution. The data collected from laboratory scale experimental set up is used to train a back propagation (BP) learning algorithm having 4-7-1 architecture. The model uses tangent sigmoid transfer function at input to hidden layer whereas a linear transfer function is used at output layer. The data is divided into training (75%) and testing (25%) sets. The network is found to be working satisfactorily as absolute relative percentage error of 0.567 during training phase. Comparison between the model results and experimental data gives a high degree of correlation (
R
2
=
0.986) indicating that the model is able to predict the sorption efficiency with reasonable accuracy.
Between 21 November and 22 December 2020, a SARS-CoV-2 community testing pilot took place in the South Wales Valleys. We conducted a case-control study in adults taking part in the pilot using an ...anonymous online questionnaire. Social, demographic and behavioural factors were compared in people with a positive lateral flow test (cases) and a sample of negatives (controls). A total of 199 cases and 2621 controls completed a questionnaire (response rates: 27.1 and 37.6% respectively). Following adjustment, cases were more likely to work in the hospitality sector (aOR 3.39, 95% CI 1.43–8.03), social care (aOR 2.63, 1.22–5.67) or healthcare (aOR 2.31, 1.29–4.13), live with someone self-isolating due to contact with a case (aOR 3.07, 2.03–4.62), visit a pub (aOR 2.87, 1.11–7.37) and smoke or vape (aOR 1.54, 1.02–2.32). In this community, and at this point in the epidemic, reducing transmission from a household contact who is self-isolating would have the biggest public health impact (population-attributable fraction: 0.2). As restrictions on social mixing are relaxed, hospitality venues will become of greater public health importance, and those working in this sector should be adequately protected. Smoking or vaping may be an important modifiable risk factor.
This paper examines the impact of financial development, economic growth and income inequality on poverty in India from 1970 to 2015 by employing the autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) bounds ...testing procedure. The findings reveal a robust long-run relationship between financial development, economic growth, inequality and poverty. Results show that financial development and economic growth help in poverty reduction in India, whereas income inequality and inflation aggravate poverty. Empirical evidence of the Granger-causality test supports the presence of unidirectional causality from financial development and economic growth to poverty. Moreover, bidirectional causality exists between inequality and poverty. The present study provides evidence on which the policymakers may proceed with detailed investigation of how specific financial sector policies and interventions can be deployed as effective instruments for achieving favorable economic growth and income distribution. The study recommends that policies geared toward increasing financial development and economic growth should be adopted to reduce the high level of poverty and inequality currently prevailing in India.
Steels 9-12% Cr, having the high creep rupture strength are advocated for the modern low polluting thermal power plants. In the present investigation, the P91 pipe weldments have been characterized ...for microstructural responses in as-welded, post-weld heat treatment (PWHT) and ageing conditions. The PWHT of welded samples were carried out at 760 °C for time of 2 h and ageing at 760 °C for 720 h and 1440 h, respectively. The effect of time has been studied on precipitates size, distribution of precipitates and grain sizes present in various zones of P91 steel weldments. The impact toughness and hardness variation of heat affected zone (HAZ) have also been studied in as-welded condition as well as at different heat treatment condition. A significant change was observed in grain size and precipitates size after each heat treatment condition. The maximum impact toughness of HAZ was obtained after PWHT at 760 °C for 2 h. The main phase observed in weld fusion zone in as-welded, PWHT and ageing conditions were M
23
C
6
, MX, M
7
C
3
, Fe-rich M
3
C and M
2
C. The unwanted Z-phase (NbCrN) was also noticed in weld fusion zone after ageing of 1440 h.
Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to investigate the impact of financial development, economic growth and energy consumption on environment degradation for Indian economy by using the time ...series data for the period 1971-2011. Design/methodology/approach - The stationary properties of the variables are checked by ADF, DF-GLS, PP and Ng-Perron unit root tests. The long-run relationship is examined by implementing the Autoregressive Distributed Lag bounds testing approach to co-integration and error correction method (ECM) is applied to examine the short-run dynamics. The direction of the causality is checked by VECM framework and variance decomposition is used to predict exogenous shocks of the variables. Findings - The empirical evidence confirms the existence of long-run relationship among the variables. Financial development appears to increase environmental degradation in India. The main contributors to environmental degradation are: economic growth, energy consumption financial development and urbanization. The results also lend support to the existence of environmental Kuznets curves for Indian economy. Research limitations/implications - The present study suggests that environmental degradation can be reduced at the cost of economic growth or energy efficient technologies should be encouraged to enhance the domestic product with the help of financial sector by improving environmental friendly technologies from advanced economies. Originality/value - This paper proposes to make a contribution to the existing literature through examining the relationship between financial development and environmental degradation in Indian economy during 1971-2011 by employing modern econometric techniques.
This paper attempts to examine the relationship between financial development, rural–urban income inequality and poverty reduction in south Asian economies by using panel data from 1990 to 2013. The ...stationary properties of the variables are checked by LLC and IPS panel unit root tests. Pedroni’s panel co-integration test is used to examine the long run relationship and panel dynamic ordinary least squares (PDOLS) is employed to estimate the coefficients of co-integrating equation. The short term and long run causality is examined by panel Granger causality. Evidence confirms the existence of long-run equilibrium relationship among the variables. The results of PDOLS indicate that financial development and economic growth reduces poverty in south Asian countries, whereas rural–urban income inequality aggravates poverty. The empirical findings of panel Granger causality indicate the presence of short-run causality running from rural–urban income inequality and financial development to poverty reduction variable and from economic growth to inequality. The study recommends that policies geared towards increasing financial development and economic growth should be adopted in order to reduce the high level of poverty currently prevailing in south Asian economies.
The construction industry is increasingly focused on sustainability, with a particular emphasis on reducing the environmental impact of cement production. One approach to this problem is to use ...recycled materials and explore eco-friendly raw materials, such as alumino-silicate by-products like fly ash, which can be used as raw materials for geopolymer concrete. To enhance the ductility, failure mode, and toughness of the geopolymer, researchers have added crumb rubber processed from scrap tires as partial replacement to fine aggregate of the geopolymer. Therefore, this study aims to develop rubberized geopolymer concrete (RGC) by partially replacing the fine aggregate with crumb rubber (CR). To optimize the mechanical properties of RGC, response surface methodology (RSM) has been used to develop 13 mixes with different levels and proportions of CR (10–30% partial replacement of fine aggregate by volume) and sodium hydroxide molarity (10–14 M) as input variables. The results showed that the strength properties increased as the molarity of NaOH increased, while the opposite trend was observed with CR. The maximum values for compressive strength, flexural strength, and uniaxial tensile strength were found to be 25 MPa, 3.1 MPa, and 0.41 MPa, respectively. Response surface models of the mechanical strengths, which were validated using ANOVA with high R2 values of 72–99%, have been developed. It has been found that using 10% CR with 14 M sodium hydroxide resulting in the best mechanical properties for RGC, which was validated with experimental tests. The result of the multi-objective optimization indicated that the optimum addition level for NaOH is 14 M, and the fine aggregate replacement level with CR is 10% in order to achieve a rubberized geopolymer suitable for structural applications.
