We present a real-time supernova neutrino burst monitor at Super-Kamiokande (SK). Detecting supernova explosions by neutrinos in real time is crucial for giving a clear picture of the explosion ...mechanism. Since the neutrinos are expected to come earlier than light, a fast broadcasting of the detection may give astronomers a chance to make electromagnetic radiation observations of the explosions right at the onset. The role of the monitor includes a fast announcement of the neutrino burst detection to the world and a determination of the supernova direction. We present the online neutrino burst detection system and studies of the direction determination accuracy based on simulations at SK.
Sustainability. USGS goals for the coming decade Myers, M D; Ayers, M A; Baron, J S ...
Science (American Association for the Advancement of Science),
2007-Oct-12, 20071012, Volume:
318, Issue:
5848
Journal Article
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is emerging as a powerful tool for the diagnosis of breast abnormalities. Dynamic analysis of the temporal pattern of contrast uptake has been applied in differential ...diagnosis of benign and malignant lesions to improve specificity. Selecting a region of interest (ROI) is an almost universal step in the process of examining the contrast uptake characteristics of a breast lesion. We propose an ROI selection method that combines model-based clustering of the pixels with Bayesian morphology, a new statistical image segmentation method. We then investigate tools for subsequent analysis of signal intensity time course data in the selected region. Results on a database of 19 patients indicate that the method provides informative segmentations and good detection rates.
ABSTRACT We report the results from a search in Super-Kamiokande for neutrino signals coincident with the first detected gravitational-wave events, GW150914 and GW151226, as well as LVT151012, using ...a neutrino energy range from 3.5 MeV to 100 PeV. We searched for coincident neutrino events within a time window of 500 s around the gravitational-wave detection time. Four neutrino candidates are found for GW150914, and no candidates are found for GW151226. The remaining neutrino candidates are consistent with the expected background events. We calculated the 90% confidence level upper limits on the combined neutrino fluence for both gravitational-wave events, which depends on event energy and topologies. Considering the upward-going muon data set (1.6 GeV-100 PeV), the neutrino fluence limit for each gravitational-wave event is 14-37 (19-50) cm−2 for muon neutrinos (muon antineutrinos), depending on the zenith angle of the event. In the other data sets, the combined fluence limits for both gravitational-wave events range from 2.4 × 104 to 7.0 × 109 cm−2.
The atmospheric neutrino flux is measured using a 3.4-kt yr exposure of the IMB-3 detector. Single-ring events are classified as showering or nonshowering using the geometry of the Cerenkov pattern. ...A simulation of neutrino interactions and three models of atmospheric neutrino production are used to predict the composition of the sample. The showering- nonshowering character is strongly correlated with the flavor of the neutrino parent. In the lepton momentum range of p less than 1500 MeV/c, it is found that nonshowering events comprise /41 + or - 3(stat) + or - 2(syst)/ percent of the total. The fraction expected is /51 + or - 5(syst)/ percent. (Author)
Risk Factors for Venous Thromboembolism Goldhaber, Samuel Z., MD
Journal of the American College of Cardiology,
06/2010, Volume:
56, Issue:
1
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
Open access
Risk factors for venous thromboembolism (VTE) are often modifiable and overlap with risk factors for coronary artery disease. Encouraging our patients to adopt a heart-healthy lifestyle by abstaining ...from cigarettes, maintaining lean weight, limiting red meat intake, and controlling hypertension might lower the risk of pulmonary embolism and deep vein thrombosis (DVT), although a cause-effect relationship has not been firmly established. For hospitalized patients, guidelines have provided evidence-based strategies to identify patients at risk, such as elderly persons and those with cancer, congestive heart failure, or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease or undergoing major surgery. Most should receive pharmacological prophylaxis, which will minimize the risk of VTE. Because approximately 3 of every 4 pulmonary embolism and DVT events occur outside the hospital setting, patients should also be assessed for persistent high-risk of VTE at the time of hospital discharge.
► The geochemistry of Prairie Pothole wetlands in ND is governed by oxidation of pyrite. ► Pyrite oxidation progressively leads to sulfate dominated wetland and ground waters. ► The source of the ...pyrite is a component of glacial till derived from Cretaceous shale. ► The interval of pyrite oxidation is marked by a brown to grey color transition in the till. ► Pyrite oxidation is a slow process that has taken place over atleast a thousand years.
The Prairie Pothole Region, which occupies 900,000
km
2 of the north central USA and south central Canada, is one of the most important ecosystems in North America. It is characterized by millions of small wetlands whose chemistry is highly variable over short distances. The study involved the geochemistry of surface sediments, wetland water, and groundwater in the Cottonwood Lakes area of North Dakota, USA, whose 92
ha includes the dominant wetland hydrologic settings. The data show that oxygenated groundwater interacting with pyrite resident in a component of surficial glacial till derived from the marine Pierre Shale Formation has, over long periods of time, focused
SO
4
2
-
-bearing fluids from upland areas to topographically low areas. In these low areas,
SO
4
2
-
-enriched groundwater and wetlands have evolved, as has the CaSO
4 mineral gypsum. Sulfur isotope data support the conclusion that isotopically light pyrite from marine shale is the source of
SO
4
2
-
. Literature data on wetland water composition suggests that this process has taken place over a large area in North Dakota.
Abstract Background Many computed tomography (CT) parameters have been proposed as potential predictors of outcome in acute pulmonary embolism. We sought to summarize available evidence on the ...predictive value of CT severity parameters for short-term clinical outcome in pulmonary embolism. Methods We searched PubMed and EMBASE through February 2014 for studies that reported on the association between CT parameters of acute pulmonary embolism severity and short-term (≤6 months) clinical outcome. Risk estimates for quantitative parameters of right ventricular (RV) dysfunction (abnormally increased RV/left ventricular LV diameter ratio on transverse sections and 4-chamber views), qualitative parameters of RV dysfunction (abnormal septal morphology and contrast reflux), thrombus load, and central thrombus location were derived using random effect regression analysis. Meta-regression analysis was performed to quantify and explain study heterogeneity. Results A total of 49 studies with 13,162 patients with acute pulmonary embolism (median age of 61 years, 55.1% were women) who underwent diagnostic CT imaging were included in the analysis. An abnormally increased RV/LV diameter ratio measured on transverse sections was associated with an approximately 2.5-fold risk for all-cause mortality (pooled odds ratio OR, 2.5; 95% confidence interval CI, 1.8-3.5) and adverse outcome (OR, 2.3; 95% CI, 1.6-3.4) and a 5-fold risk for pulmonary embolism-related mortality (OR, 5.0; 95% CI, 2.7-9.2). Thrombus load (OR, 1.6, 95% CI, 0.7-3.9; P = .2896) and central location (OR, 1.7; 95% CI, 0.7-4.2; P = .2609) were not predictive for all-cause mortality, although both were associated with adverse clinical outcome. Conclusions Across all end points, the RV/LV diameter ratio on transverse CT sections has the strongest predictive value and most robust evidence base for adverse clinical outcomes in patients with acute pulmonary embolism.
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