Green infrastructure as a concept has been introduced only lately in the frame of the sustainability and resilience approaches, and as a response to the natural disasters affecting both, urban areas ...and as well the country side. The analysis of scientific literature has shown that the concept of green infrastructure is most often related to the concepts of sustainability, resilience, smart cities and others. The cases, presented in the articles of this special issue, are showing that the concept of green infrastructure encompasses variety of the topics; that there is diversity in the administrative levels on which the policies and measures concerning green infrastructure can be applied and that the concept allows for a great amount of innovativeness of solutions and cross-sectoral approaches.
Nove oblike odločanja za trajnostni razvoj Praper Gulič, Sergeja; Pfefferkorn, Wolfgang; Golobič, Mojca
Urbani izziv,
2007, 20070101, 2007-01-01, Volume:
18, Issue:
1-2
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
Open access
Avtorji se v članku ukvarjajo z vprašanjem, v kolikšni meri in na kakšen način oblika odločitvenega procesa vpliva na njegove rezultate z vidika meril trajnostnega razvoja. Kratek pregled znanstvene ...in politične razprave pokaže visoko mero zaupanja v uspešnost participativnih oblik odločanja pri doseganju trajnostnega razvoja. Med tem ko je prispevek participacije pri zagotavljanju preglednosti postopka, vključevanja, poštenosti in soodločevalskih možnosti za prizadeto javnost nedvoumen in dokazljiv, pa je njihov vpliv na doseganje drugih ciljev trajnostnega razvoja manj jasen in podprt z empiričnimi dokazi. Splošen pregled odločevalske prakse pri doseganju ciljev trajnostnega razvoja potrjuje nezadostnost tradicionalnih odločevalskih oblik, kot so tržni, tehnokratski in posvetovalni procesi. Drugi del članka pa predstavlja rezultate študije, ki je poskusila zbrati dokaze o učinkovitosti soodločevalskih praks na osnovi analize primerov dobre prakse, ki so bili zbrani in opisani v okviru projekta Prihodnost v Alpah. Podrobna analiza teh primerov je pokazala, da so dokaj učinkoviti pri doseganju ciljev trajnostnega razvoja. Po pričakovanju je bila njihova uspešnost največja na področju družbenih ciljev, prispevek k okoljskim ciljem je bil na splošno tudi visok, vendar včasih dvoumen, med tem ko so učinki na gospodarstvo ocenjeni kot precej dolgoročni in včasih prerazdelitveni.
This paper draws on the importance of public participation in improving several aspects of the land-use planning and decision-making process and regards the lack of adequate tools as an important ...barrier hindering effective implementation of participation in planning practice. The hypothesis is that extensive research into local knowledge, especially regarding values and goals, followed by a careful and focused preparation of expert proposals could improve the effectiveness of the participatory process. The paper therefore focuses on the development of methodologies to obtain knowledge from local residents and to integrate it effectively with expert knowledge to produce an input for the communicative process, whereby interaction and communication can bring about consensual planning proposals. The methodology discussed in this paper is an innovative combination of several tools already recognized within spatial and/or participatory planning, such as public surveys and participatory workshops. Connecting these tools can be shown to ameliorate their individual drawbacks and to achieve synergetic effects in all aspects. The use of support tools, such as cognitive mapping, statistical analysis, and suitability modeling, to assist these processes is also discussed. The study was implemented as a pilot project testing the proposed methodology in a case study of land-use planning for a local community in Slovenia, which is currently undergoing significant change from a rural community into an urban community. The results have shown that the use of a traditional questionnaire, combined with the mapping of chosen responses, proved effective in the acquisition of existing local knowledge. The result also showed that in-depth analysis of local knowledge and values and consideration of both in preparing alternative expert planning proposals proved to be a valuable input into traditional participation workshops, thus fostering an interactive participative planning process, whereby conflicts could be resolved while searching for a consensual solution.
Otroci v mestu Golobič, Mojca
Urbani izziv,
06/1999, Volume:
10, Issue:
1
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
Open access
Otroška igra je prostorska in socialna dejavnost, katere vsebina in potek sta navezana na celoten otrokov življenjski prostor. Prostorsko omejevanje igre na formalna otroška igrišča je v nasprotju s ...pomenom, ki ga imata svoboda izbire in možnost oblikovanja svojega okolja za otroka. Otroci se igrajo vsepovsod in kjerkoli. V urbanih območjih otroci za svojo igro radi izbirajo neformalne poljavne in javne prostore, kot so npr. ulice, pločniki, dovozi ali majhne krpe zelenih površin. Četudi otroci prostor uporabljajo drugače od odraslih, bi tako načrtovanje lahko prispevalo višjo kakovost okolja tudi za večino drugih uporabnikov.
Okosnicu rada čini koncept krajobraznog identiteta promatran iz nove perspektive – perspektive pet osnovnih ljudskih osjetila: vida, sluha, njuha, opipa i okusa. Naime, krajobrazni (i općenito ...prostorni) identitet uglavnom se shvaća kao fenomen utemeljen na prepoznatljivim vizualnim karakteristikama. Međutim, sva je okolina multiosjetilni medij, bogat informacijama iz svih područja percepcije, a i čovjek je multiosjetilno biće i doživljava okolinu s više osjetila. U skladu s tim, ishodišna je pretpostavka rada ideja da se identifikacija čovjeka, odnosno društva, s prostorom ne odvija samo kroz interakciju s njezinim vizualnim nego i auditornim, olfaktornim, taktilnim, pa i gustatornim značajkama. Za područje istraživanja odabrana je dalmatinska regija. Primjenom metode analize sadržaja, na uzorcima lirskih pjesama te promotivnih (pretežno turističkih) materijala, cilj je bio ispitati na kojim se obilježjima, vizualnim i nevizualnim, temelji društvena predodžba dalmatinskoga krajobraza. Rezultati upućuju na to da je krajobrazni identitet Dalmacije u osjetilnom smislu raznolik. Spoznaja o krajobraznom identitetu kao osjetilno višedimenzionalnoj pojavi otvara mnoga nova pitanja i mogućnosti na području krajobrazne teorije i prakse.
Pri načrtovanju prenove prehodnega, podeželskega prostora, v katerem se procesi prestrukturiranja kmetijstva prepletajo z urbanimi procesi, so ključne opredelitve o tem, kje zaradi prestrukturiranja ...kmetijstva in menjave rab se pojavljajo degradacija in kje je primernejša bodisi urbanizacija bodisi renaturacija tega prostora. Pri teh opredelitvah je treba upoštevati stališča in cilje uporabnikov prostora, ki pa jih je težko pridobiti v obliki, v kakršni jih lahko neposredno vključimo v standardni racionalni postopek prostorskega načrtovanja. Postopek, predstavljen v prispevku, omogoča zajeti to vednost in jo transparentno vključiti v prostorske načrte za razvoj kraja. Tako lahko identificiramo interesne skupine, njihova stališča, potencialne konflikte v vrednostnih izhodiščih ter preverimo konfliktosti oziroma uskladljivosti teh izhodišč v prostoru.
The use of wind as an alternative source for the production of electrical energy is becoming increasingly popular. An important reason is that the transformation of wind in to electrical energy ...doesn’t cause emissions unto the environment. With respect to obligations stated in international documents concerning the reduction of glasshouse gases, which Slovenia will also adopt soon, this is the full rationale. On the other hand wind generators are massive spatial features that cause definite visual disturbances and affect wildlife, especially birds. The decision, whether and where to build wind generators in Slovenia, depends on pondering of positive and negative effects on the environment. In view of the known sites we can expect even more. A strategy on wind generators and measures for their placement therefore is a compulsory task on the national level.
Uporaba energije vetra kot alternativnega vira za proizvodnjo električne energije postaja vse bolj zanimiva. Vse bolj pomemben razlog pri tem je, da pretvorba energije vetra v električno energijo ne ...povzroča emisij v okolje. To pa je, upoštevajoč obveznosti iz mednarodnih sporazumov glede zmanjševanja izpusta toplogrednih plinov, ki jih namerava prevzeti tudi Slovenija, gotovo pomembno dejstvo. Po drugi strani pomenijo vetrne elektrarne velik poseg v prostor in poleg pomembne vizualne motnje tudi vpliv na živi svet, predvsem ptice. Odločitev o tem, ali in kje v Sloveniji so vetrne elektrarne sprejemljive, je torej odvisna od tehtanja njihovih negativnih in pozitivnih vplivov na okolje. Glede aktualnih lokacij lahko teh pobud pričakujemo še več. Strategijo glede vetrnih elektrarn in merila za njihovo umeščanje v prostor na ravni vse države torej nujno potrebujemo.
Territorial impact assessment has recently gained attention as a tool to improve the coherence of sector policies with territorial cohesion objectives. The paper presents a method for territorial ...impact assessment and the results of applying this method on Slovenian energy policy. A two phase approach first disaggregates the problem into a three-dimensional matrix, consisting of policy measures, territorial objectives and territorial units. The synthesis phase aggregates measures and objectives in physical, economic or socio-cultural groups and observes their interrelation through an input–output matrix. The results have shown that such a two level approach is required to obtain complete and useful information for policy developers. In contrast to the relatively favourable evaluation of individual measures on the first level of assessment, the synthesis has revealed substantial and systemic weaknesses: considerable imbalance of energy policy favouring territorial effectiveness and mainly neglecting territorial identity as well as its counterproductiveness in reducing regional disparities.
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