This study surveyed preceptor doctors' opinions of student competence before and after a chiropractic preceptorship.
The qualitative and quantitative survey asked doctors about the competence of ...externs in various skills and asked opened-ended questions about the strengths and weaknesses of the externs. The survey was conducted using a common Web-based platform called SurveyMonkey.
A total of 125 doctors responded to the survey. The doctors tended to agree that they saw a positive change in the skills of the externs over time. Externs presented to the preceptors lacking in confidence and office management skills. The preceptors reported an increase from 2.7 to 3.9 on a 5.0 Likert scale in the students' confidence in adjusting skills during the preceptorship. The preceptor doctors were split on students' preparedness in chiropractic adjusting technique, reporting it as both the strongest and the weakest presenting skill.
Preceptor doctors perceived that their student externs were academically qualified but were weaker in the clinical application of procedures. Results from this survey suggest that the preceptor program can improve the confidence levels and practice management knowledge of chiropractic externs.
Relapsing fever borreliosis is a multisystemic infection characterized primarily by bacteremia but can extend to the CNS. The incidence of CNS disease manifestations in humans depends on the ...infecting relapsing fever Borrelia species. In the murine model of Borrelia hermsii infection we found high incidence of distinct signs of CNS disease that ranged from a flaccid tail to complete paralysis of hind limbs. Infiltration of large number of T cells into the spinal cord of B. hermsii-infected mice and the upregulation of MHC class II and CD80 on infiltrating macrophages and on microglial cells suggested a role for T cell and Ag-presenting cell interactions in this pathogenesis. Indeed, B. hermsii infection did not induce CNS disease manifestations in T cell-deficient mice (TCR-beta x delta(-/-)), although it resulted in bacteremia comparable to wild-type (Wt) level. Moreover, the infiltration of immune cells into the spinal cord of TCR-beta x delta(-/-) mice was reduced and the resident microglial cells were not activated. Histopathological analysis of lumbar sections of the spinal cord confirmed severe inflammation in Wt but not in TCR-beta x delta(-/-) mice. Induction of CNS disease was dependent on the B. hermsii strain as well as on the ability of the host to control bacteremia. Mice that are impaired in controlling B. hermsii, such as CD14(-/-) mice, exhibited more severe CNS disease than Wt mice. This study demonstrates that distinct neurologic disease manifestations develop during relapsing fever and that T cells play a critical role in the induction of neuropathogenesis.
To review and analyse criteria for vitamin supplementation and fortification in Spain.
Systematic review of scientific literature and simulation analysis of food fortification.
A simulation analysis ...using a fortified beverage was performed in a random sample of 2855 children aged 2 to 24 years in Spain.
High-risk groups for vitamin supplementation and fortification in Spain are highlighted, and target vitamins considered have been: folic acid, vitamin A, vitamin E, vitamin D and vitamin B12 (particularly in the elderly). A beverage fortified with vitamins C, A, B1 and B6 may contribute to improving the intake of all of these vitamins with the exception of vitamin A, since the Recommended Nutrient Intake is already covered with current consumption.
A detailed knowledge of nutritional status helps to ensure the rationale and follow up of nutrient supplementation and fortification.
Objective: To assess the association between mode of delivery and maternal postpartum emotional distress. Design: A prospective study of women from 30weeks of gestation to 6months postpartum. ...Setting: Pregnant women in Norway during the period 1998-2008. Population: A total of 55814 women from the Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort Study. Methods: Emotional distress was reported in a short form of the Hopkins Symptom Checklist-25 (SCL-8) at 30weeks of gestation and at 6months postpartum. Information on mode of delivery was obtained from the Medical Birth Registry of Norway. Main outcome measures: Changes in SCL-8 score from 30weeks of gestation to 6months postpartum and presence of emotional distress at 6months postpartum. Results: Women with instrumental vaginal, emergency cesarean or elective cesarean deliveries had similar changes in SCL-8 score between 30weeks of gestation and 6months postpartum, as compared with women with unassisted vaginal delivery (adjusted regression coefficient, 0.00, 95%CI -0.01 to 0.01; 0.01, 95%CI 0.00-0.02; and -0.01, 95%CI -0.02 to 0.00, respectively). The corresponding odds ratios (ORs) associated with the presence of emotional distress at 6months postpartum (SCL-8≥2.0) were: OR 1.01, 95% CI 0.86-1.18; OR 1.13, 95% CI 0.97-1.32; and OR 0.96, 95% CI 0.79-1.16, respectively. These estimates were adjusted for emotional distress during pregnancy and other potential confounding factors. Emotional distress during pregnancy showed the strongest association with the presence of emotional distress at 6months postpartum (adjusted OR 14.09, 95% CI 12.77-15.55). Conclusions: Mode of delivery was not associated with a change in SCL-8 score from 30weeks of gestation to 6months postpartum or with the presence of emotional distress postpartum.PUBLICATION ABSTRACT
Josephson voltage standards are well established for use at dc and low-frequency ac voltages. The increasing demand i) to provide traceability for arbitrary waveforms, ii) to extend the range of use ...to higher frequencies, and iii) to improve the accuracy is being addressed in the project Q-WAVE, which is jointly funded by the European Union and the participating countries within the European Metrology Research Programme (EMRP). Here, sampling measurements and procedures using binary-divided 1 V and 10 V arrays are investigated. In addition, a quantum-based analogue-to-digital converter for direct measurements of arbitrary waveforms is under development. It will contain several Josephson arrays in series biased by a pulse drive based on opto-electronics, in order to increase the output voltage.
In order to eliminate the possibility that diet may influence urinary oxidative DNA lesion levels, in our experiments we used a recently developed technique involving HPLC pre-purification followed ...by gas chromatography with isotope dilution mass spectrometric detection. This methodology was applied for the determination of the lesions: 8-oxo-7,8-dihydroguanine (8-oxoGua), 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2′-deoxyguanosine (8-oxodGuo) and 5-(hydroxymethyl)uracil (5HMUra) in the urine of mice fed with nucleic acid free diet and normal, unrestricted diet. The mean levels of 8-oxoGua, 8-oxodGuo and 5HMUra of the animals fed the normal diet reached the mean values of Formula: See Text, Formula: See Text and Formula: See Text After feeding the mice for 12 days with nucleic acid free diet the respective values were Formula: See Text, Formula: See Text and Formula: See Text respectively. The results clearly demonstrate that irrespective of the diet, the excretion rates were not statistically different during the course of feeding. The respective p values for the differences between lesions in the two types of diets were: 0.13 (8-oxoGua), 0.16 (8-oxodGuo), 0.18 (5-HMUra). Our results clearly indicate that diet does not contribute to urinary excretion of the lesions in mouse model.
The definition of epitopes for human B and T cells is fundamental for the understanding of the immune response mechanism and its role in the prevention and cause of human disease. This understanding ...can be applied to the design of diagnostics and synthetic vaccines. In recent years, the understanding of the specificity of B and T cells has been advanced significantly by the development and use of combinatorial libraries made up of thousands to millions of synthetic peptides. The use of this approach has had four major effects: first, the definition of high affinity ligands both for T cells and antibodies; second, the application of alternative means for identifying immunologically relevant peptides for use as potential preventive and therapeutic vaccines; third, a new appreciation of the requirements for TCR interactions with peptide-MHC complexes in immunogenicity; fourth, the establishment of new principles regarding the level of cross-reactivity in immunological recognition.
PDF
