The aim of the study was to investigate vegetative maintenance of the activity and state of systemic hemodynamics in patients with a first time, non-traumatic epileptic seizure during a tilt table ...test (TTT).Materials and methods. TTT was performed in 42 patients with absence of seizures and 78 patients having experienced unprovoked seizures. A control group included 70 patients with non-epileptic seizures with transient loss of consciousness (TLC), defined as syncope. The control group included 38 people without episodes of loss of consciousness in their medical history. The parameters of hemodynamics and heart rate variability (HRV) were investigated at all stages of the test.Results. In patients with absence of seizures, initial sympathicotonia was recorded along with a decrease in ergotropic activation in orthostasis. In patients with unprovoked seizures, a hypersympathicotonic response to the orthostatic test was detected in combination with impaired vagal overshoot in the clinostatic phase of the test. In patients with TLC, evidence of vegetative insufficiency in the vertical position was identified, with the indicators going back to the background values in the horizontal position.Conclusion. The revealed features of vegetative regulation in patients with absence of seizures and unprovoked seizures will allow to differentiate the mechanism of the first-time epileptic seizure more accurately.
A Mathematical Wave Analysis was conducted to study the frequency-temporal characteristics of sleep spindles in idiopathic generalized epilepsy (IGE) with variable phenotypes in adults. In resistant ...generalized tonic-clonic seizures (GTCS), the maximum duration of the stationary part of the sleep spindle in the 10–12Hz frequency band in the frontal and parietal regions was greater with Juvenile Absence Epilepsy compared with Juvenile Myoclonic Epilepsy and IGE with isolated GTCS. In patients with GTCS remission who took antiepileptic drugs (AED’s) in the anamnesis, the frequency-time characteristics of the sleep spindle were not different. In the entire group, the maximum duration of the stationary part of the sleep spindles in patients with IGE with a variable phenotype receiving AED’s was significantly less than in patients who stopped receiving AED’s. The revealed differences in the duration of the stationary part of the sleep spindles are due to various pathogenetic mechanisms underlying the different types of generalized seizures in adults, and can be used to refine the subtype of the IGE and evaluate the efficacy of the AED’s.
It is shown that the recent HERMES data on the transverse Λ
0
polarization in the inclusive quasi-real photoproduction at x
F
>0 can be accommodated by the strange quark scattering model. Relations ...with the quark recombination approach are discussed.
To study the relationship between indicators of clinical picture and social adaptation in idiopathic and symptomatic epilepsies with onset before adulthood depending on patient's gender.
The ...cross-sectional study was carried out. The study group included 212 women and 171 men, aged 24-60 years, with confirmed diagnosis of epilepsy with onset before 18 years. Seventy-three patients were diagnosed with symptomatic epilepsy, 310 with idiopathic epilepsy. In 120 patients, the frequency of seizures was rarer than once a year. All patients had secondary education and were on treatment with antiepileptic drugs.
In symptomatic epilepsy with early onset, gender differences in family and educational status were not identified. Regardless of gender, patients with myoclonus had higher education more frequently than patients with absence and tonic-clonic seizures. Patients with the combination of different types of seizures, irrespective from etiology and gender, had secondary education more frequently. Women with rare generalized seizures more frequently had higher education and were married. Unmarried men with rare generalized seizures lived separately from their relatives more frequently. To author's opinion, the contradiction in indicators of social adaptation in men with rare generalized seizures, to the great extent, is related to the phenomenon of self-stigmatization than to the influence of disease. The results can be used in rehabilitation of patients with idiopathic epilepsy syndromes.
Progressive subcortical vascular leukoencephalopathy caused by chronic hypertension was singled out as a separate disease by Alois Alzheimer and named “Binswanger’s Disease”(BD). Before the ...introduction of neuroimaging techniques in clinical practice BD was considered as a rare disease and in most cases it was diagnosed during autopsy. More than 80% of BD’s debuts occur on the sixth or seventh decade of life and are characterized by a mild but inexorably progressive course with episodes of exacerbation. At the last stage of the disease, clinical picture is presented by dementia, disorders of the self-service and the pelvic organs functions. The article presents a 42 years-old patient with the terminal stage of the BD’s type vascular dementia verified by postmortem histological examination. It is known that age is an unmodified risk factor for cardiovascular disease. However, in recent decades there has been “vascular risk rejuvenation” of the world, which calls for the development and improvement of approaches to screening and clinical examination of these contingents. The presented case report demonstrates the difficulty in the diagnosis of this pathology of the brain and demonstrates the need for inclusion of the BD in a number of differential diagnostic in patients with cerebrovascular diseases. In addition, we believe that dementia screening should include medical and psychological counseling of patients at risk.
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