To analyze the influence path of the interaction between the unit environment, achievement transformation willingness, and achievement transformation cognition on achievement transformation output to ...provide a basis for optimizing the achievement transformation environment of medical and health institutions and improving the efficiency of scientific and technological achievements transformation.
Through the questionnaire survey, 292 data points were obtained. SPSS20.0 was used to conduct cross-table chi-square analysis and binary logistic regression analysis on the willingness, cognition, and output of scientific and technological achievements transformation. The process 14.0 plug-in is used to analyze the mediating effect of transformation cognition and the moderating effect of the unit environment.
Achievement transformation willingness has a significant positive impact on achievement transformation cognition and achievement transformation output. Achievement transformation cognition has a positive impact on achievement transformation output, and the mediating effect of transformation cognition is significant and partial. The unit environment has a negative moderating effect on the influence of achievement transformation willingness on achievement transformation cognition, and a positive moderating effect on the influence of achievement transformation willingness on achievement transformation output.
Personal factors and unit achievement transformation environment have an obvious influence on the willingness and cognition of achievement transformation. It is necessary to optimize the environment of unit scientific and technological achievements transformation, improve the policy system of benefiting from the achievements of scientific and technological achievements transformation of medical and health personnel, implement the disposal right, income right and distribution right of scientific and technological achievements transformation of medical and health institutions, and stimulate the enthusiasm of scientific and technological achievements transformation of medical and health personnel.
Compared to conventional saliency detection by handcrafted features, deep convolutional neural networks (CNNs) recently have been successfully applied to saliency detection field with superior ...performance on locating salient objects. However, due to repeated sub-sampling operations inside CNNs such as pooling and convolution, many CNN-based saliency models fail to maintain fine-grained spatial details and boundary structures of objects. To remedy this issue, this paper proposes a novel end-to-end deep learning-based refinement model named Refinet , which is based on fully convolutional network augmented with segmentation hypotheses. Intermediate saliency maps that are edge-aware are computed from segmentation-based pooling and then feed to a two-tier fully convolutional network for effective fusion and refinement, leading to more precise object details and boundaries. In addition, the resolution of feature maps in the proposed Refinet is carefully designed to guarantee sufficient boundary clarity of the refined saliency output. Compared to widely employed dense conditional random field, Refinet is able to enhance coarse saliency maps generated by existing models with more accurate spatial details, and its effectiveness is demonstrated by experimental results on seven benchmark datasets.
Abstract
Background
The combination therapy of hydrocortisone, vitamin C, and thiamine has been proposed as a potential treatment in patients with sepsis and septic shock. However, subsequent trials ...have reported conflicting results in relation to survival outcomes. Hence, we performed this randomized controlled trial (RCT) to evaluate the efficacy and safety of early combination therapy among adult patients with septic shock.
Methods
This single-center, double-blind RCT enrolled adult patients with diagnosis of septic shock within 12 h from Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital between February 2019 and June 2021. Recruited patients were randomized 1:1 to receive intervention (hydrocortisone 200 mg daily, vitamin C 2 g every 6 h, and thiamine 200 mg every 12 h) or placebo (0.9% saline) for 5 days or until ICU discharge. The primary endpoint was 90-day mortality. The secondary endpoints included mortality at day 28, ICU discharge, and hospital discharge; shock reversal; 72-h Delta SOFA score; ICU-free days, vasopressor-free days, and ventilator support -free days up to day 28; ICU length of stay (LOS) and hospital LOS.
Results
Among 426 patients randomized, a total of 408 patients with septic shock were included in the per-protocol (PP) analysis, of which 203 were assigned to the intervention group and 205 to the placebo group. In the PP population, the primary outcome of 90-day mortality was 39.9% (81/203) and 39.0% (80/205) in the intervention and the placebo groups, respectively, and was not significantly different (
P
= 0.86). There was no significant difference between two groups in 28-day mortality (36.5% vs. 36.1%,
P
= 0.94) or the ICU mortality (31.5% vs. 28.8%,
P
= 0.55) and hospital mortality (34.5% vs. 33.2%,
P
= 0.78). No other secondary outcomes showed significant differences between two groups, including shock reversal, vasopressor-free days, and ICU LOS. Intention-to-treat analysis included all the 426 patients and confirmed these results (all
P
> 0.05).
Conclusion
Among adult patients with septic shock, early use of hydrocortisone, vitamin C, and thiamine combination therapy compared with placebo did not confer survival benefits.
Trial registration
ClinicalTrials.gov:
NCT03872011
, registration date: March 12, 2019.
Graphic Abstract
As a main element in the hard metal industry, cobalt is one of the major components of human metal implants. Cobalt-containing implants, especially joint prostheses used for artificial joint ...replacement, can be corroded due to the complex physiological environment in vivo, producing a large number of nanoscale cobalt particles (Cobalt Nanoparticles, CoNPs). These CoNPs can be first accumulated around the implant to cause adverse local reactions and then enter into the blood vessels followed by reaching the liver, heart, brain, kidney, and other organs through systematic circulation, which leads to multi-system toxicity symptoms. To ensure the long-term existence of cobalt-containing implants in the body, it is urgently required to find out a safe and effective detoxification drug. Herein, we have demonstrated that CoNPs could induce the ferroptosis-like cell death through the enhancement of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) level, cytoplasmic Fe.sup.2+ level, lipid peroxidation, and consumption of reduced glutathione (GSH) as well as inhibition of glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) activity. Importantly, alpha-lipoic acid (ALA), a natural antioxidant with the capability to scavenge free radicals and chelate toxic metals, was found to efficiently alleviate the adverse effects of CoNPs. The present study illustrates a new mechanism of CoNPs mediated by ferroptosis-like cytotoxicity and discloses an effective method for the detoxification of CoNPs by employing the natural antioxidant of ALA, providing a basis for further in vivo detoxification study.
The inhibition of cell surface crystal adhesion and an appropriate increase in crystal endocytosis contribute to the inhibition of kidney stone formation. In this study, we investigated the effects ...of different degrees of carboxymethylation on these processes. An injury model was established by treating human renal proximal tubular epithelial (HK‐2) cells with 98.3 ± 8.1 nm calcium oxalate dihydrate (nanoCOD) crystals. The HK‐2 cells were protected with carboxy (‐COOH) Desmodium styracifolium polysaccharides at 1.17% (DSP0), 7.45% (CDSP1), 12.2% (CDSP2), and 17.7% (CDSP3). Changes in biochemical indexes and effects on nanoCOD adhesion and endocytosis were detected. The protection of HK‐2 cells from nanoCOD‐induced oxidative damage by carboxymethylated Desmodium styracifolium polysaccharides (CDSPs) is closely related to the protection of subcellular organelles, such as mitochondria. CDSPs can reduce crystal adhesion on the cell surface and maintain appropriate crystal endocytosis, thereby reducing the risk of kidney stone formation. CDSP2 with moderate ‐COOH content showed the strongest protective activity among the CDSPs.
The support vector machine (SVM) is a powerful method for statistical classification of data used in a number of different applications. However, the usefulness of the method in a commercial ...available system is very much dependent on whether the SVM classifier can be pretrained from a factory since it is not realistic that the SVM classifier must be trained by the customers themselves before it can be used. This paper proposes a novel SVM classification system for voltage disturbances. The performance of the proposed SVM classifier is investigated when the voltage disturbance data used for training and testing originated from different sources. The data used in the experiments were obtained from both real disturbances recorded in two different power networks and from synthetic data. The experimental results shown high accuracy in classification with training data from one power network and unseen testing data from another. High accuracy was also achieved when the SVM classifier was trained on data from a real power network and test data originated from synthetic data. A lower accuracy resulted when the SVM classifier was trained on synthetic data and test data originated from the power network.
Cadmium is a major environmental toxicant that is released into the atmosphere, water and soil in the form of cadmium oxide, cadmium chloride, or cadmium sulfide via industrial activities, such as ...the manufacturing of batteries and pigments, metal smelting and refining and municipal waste incineration. In the present study, we investigated the effects of cadmium exposure on sperm quality parameters, fertilization capacity and early embryonic development. Our study showed that in vitro incubation of human or mouse sperms with cadmium for a long time (up to 24 hours) could significantly decreased sperm motility in a concentration- and time-dependent manner. Exposure to cadmium in the environment for a short term (30 min) did not affect sperm motility but significantly reduced in vitro fertilization rate. We also evaluated the effects of cadmium at concentrations of 0.625 μg/ml, and 1.25 μg/ml on early embryonic development in vitro and observed that the blastocyst formation rate dramatically decreased with increasing cadmium concentration. This finding emphasizes the hazardous effects of cadmium on sperm quality as well as on natural embryo development and raises greater concerns regarding cadmium pollution.
Kaempferol is a natural flavonol that possesses various pharmacological activities, including anti-arthritis effects, yet the underlying mechanisms remain controversial. To evaluate the ...anti-arthritis efficacy and the underlying mechanisms of kaempferol, collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) mice were treated with kaempferol intragastrically (200 mg · kg
· d
) and intraperitoneally (20 mg · kg
· d
). Pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic studies showed that the oral administration of kaempferol produced distinct anti-arthritis effects in model mice with arthritis in terms of the spleen index, arthritis index, paw thickness, and inflammatory factors; the bioavailability (1.5%, relative to that of the intraperitoneal injection) and circulatory exposure of kaempferol (C
= 0.23 ± 0.06 ng/mL) and its primary metabolite kaempferol-3-O-glucuronide (C
= 233.29 ± 89.64 ng/mL) were rather low. In contrast, the intraperitoneal injection of kaempferol caused marginal anti-arthritis effects, although it achieved a much higher in vivo exposure. The much higher kaempferol content in the gut implicated a potential mechanism involved in the gut. Analysis of 16S ribosomal RNA revealed that CIA caused imbalance of 14 types of bacteria at the family level, whereas kaempferol largely rebalanced the intestinal microbiota in CIA mice. A metabolomics study showed that kaempferol treatment significantly reversed the perturbation of metabolites involved in energy production and the tryptophan, fatty acid and secondary bile acid metabolisms in the gut contents of the CIA mice. In conclusion, we demonstrate for the first time that the high level of kaempferol in the gut regulates the intestinal flora and microbiotic metabolism, which are potentially responsible for the anti-arthritis activities of kaempferol.
This paper addresses the problem of background modeling for foreground object detection in complex environments. A Bayesian framework that incorporates spectral, spatial, and temporal features to ...characterize the background appearance is proposed. Under this framework, the background is represented by the most significant and frequent features, i.e., the principal features , at each pixel. A Bayes decision rule is derived for background and foreground classification based on the statistics of principal features. Principal feature representation for both the static and dynamic background pixels is investigated. A novel learning method is proposed to adapt to both gradual and sudden "once-off" background changes. The convergence of the learning process is analyzed and a formula to select a proper learning rate is derived. Under the proposed framework, a novel algorithm for detecting foreground objects from complex environments is then established. It consists of change detection, change classification, foreground segmentation, and background maintenance. Experiments were conducted on image sequences containing targets of interest in a variety of environments, e.g., offices, public buildings, subway stations, campuses, parking lots, airports, and sidewalks. Good results of foreground detection were obtained. Quantitative evaluation and comparison with the existing method show that the proposed method provides much improved results.
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