Cotton fibres are unusually long, single-celled epidermal seed trichomes and a model for plant cell growth, but little is known about the regulation of fibre cell elongation. Here we report that a ...homeodomain-leucine zipper (HD-ZIP) transcription factor, GhHOX3, controls cotton fibre elongation. GhHOX3 genes are localized to the 12th homoeologous chromosome set of allotetraploid cotton cultivars, associated with quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for fibre length. Silencing of GhHOX3 greatly reduces (>80%) fibre length, whereas its overexpression leads to longer fibre. Combined transcriptomic and biochemical analyses identify target genes of GhHOX3 that also contain the L1-box cis-element, including two cell wall loosening protein genes GhRDL1 and GhEXPA1. GhHOX3 interacts with GhHD1, another homeodomain protein, resulting in enhanced transcriptional activity, and with cotton DELLA, GhSLR1, repressor of the growth hormone gibberellin (GA). GhSLR1 interferes with the GhHOX3-GhHD1 interaction and represses target gene transcription. Our results uncover a novel mechanism whereby a homeodomain protein transduces GA signal to promote fibre cell elongation.
An experimental setup, on which the shape-memory effect is based, is developed to measure the free-response frequency and musical pitches of shape memory alloy (SMA) wires. In this article, the ...voltage, force, and sound signals of SMA wires are determined simultaneously under two kinds of experiments: 1) constant-temperature uniaxial tensile tests and 2) fixed-length thermal cycle tests. Based on constitutive equations and thermodynamic equations, an empirical formula for the driving voltage and the steady-state stress of SMA wires is proposed, and the undetermined coefficients at radii of 0.050 and 0.070 mm are determined by experiments. The musical pitches of SMA wires under a constant voltage are obtained by combining the empirical formula with the string vibration equation. The theoretical results are compared with the actual musical pitches measured by the sound signals, and the theoretical results are highly consistent with the actual musical pitch. Just for an SMA wire with a radius of 0.070 mm, the free-response frequency range reaches 640-1120 Hz, which covers 6 whole musical tones in total. Thus, the SMA wire can be used as a string to play simple music.
Little attention has been paid to the relationship between air pollutants and varicella among adults. We used data collected in Qingdao, China from 2014 to 2019. A combination of quasi-Poisson ...generalized linear model (GLM) and distributed lag non-linear model (DLNM) was applied to evaluate the association between exposure to air pollutants and varicella. And the effects of exposure to extremely high concentration (at 97.5th percentile) and low concentration (at 2.5th percentile) of air pollutants on varicella were also calculated. The level II of GB3095-2012 was used as the reference. A 10 μg/m
increase of PM
was significantly associated with an increased risk of varicella (lag day: 4, 5 and 6). The negative associations were found for NO
per 10 μg/m
increase from lag 15 to 19 day. The high PM
concentration (135 μg/m
) was significantly associated with the increased risk of varicella (lag day: 6, 7). For NO
, the negative association was found at high concentration (75 μg/m
) on lag 15 to 20 day; and the positive relationship was shown at low concentration (10 μg/m
) on lag 15 to 20 day. Exposure to PM
and NO
were significantly associated with the risk of varicella among adults.
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the main cause of infertility in women, the essence of which is an endocrine disorder syndrome with abnormal sugar metabolism and reproductive dysfunction, and the ...incidence rate of about 6% of women. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) Jinfeng pill has achieved very good clinical results in the treatment of infertility with PCOS, but there is currently a lack of strong evidence-based medical evidence. This study uses meta-analysis method to analyze the clinical effectiveness and safety of TCM Jinfeng pill in the treatment of infertility with PCOS, hoping to provide help for the clinical treatment of infertility with PCOS.
Using the computer to retrieve SinoMed, CNKI, VIP, WANFANG Database, as well as Public, The Cochrane library, Medline (Ovid SP), Embase and other foreign language databases, while manually retrieving the relevant magazine supplements, special issues, professional materials, network information, and so on. The retrieval time is from the beginning of each database to June 2021. The selected literature is evaluated using the Cochrane System Rating Manual Bias Risk Tool. Statistical analysis and graphics of the inclusion literature are performed using Review Manager 5.3 statistical software.
All the results of this study on the clinical effectiveness and safety of TCM Jinfeng pill in adjuvant treatment of infertility with PCOS will be published in a peer-reviewed academic journal of medicine.
The type of study is systematic evaluation, the whole process of research does not involve human trials, the data used in the institute are obtained through published literature, so ethical review is not suitable for this study.
10.17605/OSF.IO/JEP2D. (https://osf.io/jep2d).
Our research will provide evidence-based medical evidence on whether the TCM Jinfeng pill is effective and safe in the treatment of infertility with PCOS.
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•BiOX (Cl, Br, I) /Bi2WO6 catalysts were fabricated for NO photocatalytic removal.•The supreme performance of BiOCl/Bi2WO6 was revealed under UV and/or visible light.•Electro- and ...optical- chemical properties were characterized.•The main Reactive Oxygen Species were identified.•Photocatalytic reaction followed L-H mechanism and pathway was deduced.
The exhaust gas from an SCR (Selective Catalytic Reduction) unit still has about 100 ppm NO. BiOX/Bi2WO6 catalysts were fabricated by a one-step ultrasound-assisted method and employed for photocatalytic oxidation of NO under visible light. The bandgap energy of BiOX (Cl, Br, I)/Bi2WO6 were estimated to be 2.65 eV, 2.35 eV, and 1.75 eV, respectively. Photocurrent density and EIS curves revealed that BiOCl/Bi2WO6 had the optimal charge transfer velocity. Simulated NO removal experiments of BiOX/Bi2WO6 catalysts were carried out in a fixed bed reactor, 20–30% NO (100 ppm inlet) removal rate was achieved under visible light while promoting by H2O vapor, and the maximum NO removal rate is up to 31% on BiOCl/Bi2WO6. The fitted L-H model revealed that NO oxidation followed two-centered adsorption, and scavenger experiments confirm that the main ROS (Reactive Oxygen Species) was •OH. In situ DRIFT spectra revealed that there were bridging nitrates, monodentate and bridging nitrites, and other intermediates formed on the BiOCl/Bi2WO6, these species can be scrubbed by seawater to regenerate the catalyst. The NO photocatalytic oxidation pathway was proposed. Good activity and stability of BiOCl/Bi2WO6 provide a new approach for scale-up application of NO oxidation under visible light.
The porosities of the Lower Cambrian shale and Upper Ordovician-Lower Silurian marine shale from the Sichuan Basin were analyzed using He-Hg porosimetry and field-emission scanning electron ...microscopy, to discuss the relationship of porosity to the organic matter maturity, total organic carbon (TOC) and free gas volume. Overmature (Ro greater than 2%) shale samples with a TOC less than 5% display a positive correlation between TOC and porosity, but samples with a TOC greater than 5% display a limited increase in porosity with increasing TOC. The porosity of shale decreases generally with increasing maturity in the overmature stage. The free gas in porosity is the key factor for successful development of shale gas, and free gas volumes are controlled by porosity and gas saturation. Higher TOC shale has higher porosity and gas saturation. The Lower Silurian Longmaxi Formation shale has a higher TOC, Ro ranging from 2.0% to 2.3%, its porosity and gas saturation are significantly higher than the Lower Cambrian shale. The high free gas volume results in high production in the Lower Silurian Longmaxi Formation shale pay.
Background： At present, a diagnostic tool with high specificity for impaired endometrial receptivity, which may lead to implantation failure, remains to be developed. We aimed to assess the different ...endometrial microRNA （miRNA） signatures for impaired endometrial receptivity by microarray analysis. Methods： A total of 12 repeated implantation failure （RIF） patients and I0 infertile patients, who conceived and delivered after one embryo transfer attempt, were recruited as RIF and control groups, respectively. Endometrial specimens from the window of implantation （WOI） were collected from these two groups. MiRNA microarray was conducted on seven and five samples from the RIF and control groups, respectively. Comparative, functional, and network analyses were performed for the microarray results. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction （PCR） was performed on other samples to validate the expression of specific miRNAs. Results： Compared with those in the control group, the expression levels of 105 miRNAs in the RIF group were found to be significantly up- or down-regulated （at least 2-fold） by microarray analysis. The most relevant miRNA functional sets of these dysregulated miRNAs were miR-30 family, human embryonic stern cell regulation, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, and miRNA tumor suppressors by tool for annotations ofmicroRNA analysis. Network regulatory analysis found 176 miRNA-mRNA interactions, and the top 3 core miRNAs were has-miR-4668-5p, has-miR-429, and has-miR-5088. Expression levels of the 18 selected miRNAs in new samples by real-time PCR were found to be regulated with the same trend, as the result ofmicroarray analysis. Conclusions： There is a significant different expression of certain miRNAs in the WOI endometrium for RIF patients. These miRNAs may contribute to impaired endometrial receptivity.
DnaJ proteins, which are molecular chaperones that are widely present in plants, can respond to various environmental stresses. At present, the function of DnaJ proteins was studied in many plant ...species, but only a few studies were conducted in tomato. Here, we examined the functions of a novel tomato (
) DnaJ protein (SlDnaJ20) in heat tolerance using sense and antisense transgenic tomatoes. Transient conversion assays of
protoplasts showed that SlDnaJ20 was targeted to chloroplasts. Expression analysis showed that
expression was induced by chilling, NaCl, polyethylene glycol, and H₂O₂, especially via heat stress. Under heat stress, sense plants showed higher fresh weights, chlorophyll content, fluorescence (Fv/Fm), and D1 protein levels, and a lower accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) than antisense plants. These results suggest that
overexpression can reduce the photoinhibition of photosystem II (PSII) by relieving ROS accumulation. Moreover, higher expression levels of
and
were observed under heat stress in sense plants, indicating that
overexpression contributes to
expression. The yeast two-hybrid system proved that SlDnaJ20 can interact with the chloroplast heat-shock protein 70. Our results indicate that
overexpression enhances the thermotolerance of transgenic tomatoes, whereas suppression of
increases the heat sensitivity of transgenic tomatoes.
Low temperature stress during germination and early seedling growth is an important constraint of global production of maize. The effects of seed priming with 0.25%, 0.50%, and 0.75% （w/v） chitosan ...solutions at 15 ℃ on the growth and physiological changes were investigated using two maize （Zea rnays L.） inbred lines, HuangC （chilling-tolerant） and Mo17 （chilling-sensitive）. While seed priming with chitosan had no significant effect on germination percentage under low temperature stress, it enhanced germination index, reduced the mean germination time （MGT）, and increased shoot height, root length, and shoot and root dry weights in both maize lines. The decline of malondialdehyde （MDA） content and relative permeability of the plasma membrane and the increase of the concentrations of soluble sugars and proline, peroxidase （POD） activity, and catalase （CAT） activity were detected both in the chilling-sensitive and chilling-tolerant maize seedlings after priming with the three concentrations of chitosan. HuangC was less sensitive to responding to different concentrations of chitosan. Priming with 0.50% chitosan for about 60-64 h seemed to have the best effects. Thus, it suggests that seed priming with chitosan may improve the speed of germination of maize seed and benefit for seedling growth under low temperature stress.
We present the enantioselective synthesis of P-stereogenic phosphinamides through Pd-catalyzed desymmetric ortho C–H arylation of diarylphosphinamides with boronic esters. The method represents the ...first example of the synthesis of P-stereogenic phosphorus compounds via the desymmetric C–H functionalization strategy. The reaction proceeded efficiently with a wide array of reaction partners to afford the P-stereogenic phosphinamides in up to 74% yield and 98% ee. The efficiency was further demonstrated by gram scale syntheses. Moreover, the flexible conversion of the P-stereogenic phosphinamides into various types of P-stereogenic phosphorus derivatives was also elaborated. Thus, the protocol provides a novel tool for the efficient and versatile synthesis of P-stereogenic compounds.
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