This study compared the efficacy of iodine-125 seed brachytherapy versus the conventional radiotherapy in patients with non-resectable stage III/IV non-small cell lung cancer. A total of 71 patients ...with inoperable advanced stages of lung cancer with tumor size ranging 5–10 cm were randomly assigned into two groups: Group A received the regional iodine-125 implantation (
n
= 35), and Group B received the conventional radiotherapy (
n
= 36). The isodose curves were obtained by the treatment planning system for patients in Group A. Postoperative tumor size, clinical symptoms, and quality of life were then assessed. The overall response rate (complete response + partial response) was 88 and 59 % in Group A and Group B, respectively. Moreover, patients receiving iodine-125 implantation had higher one- or two-year survival rates than those patients receiving radiation therapy (
P
< 0.05). For patients with a large tumor, iodine-125 implantation significantly ameliorated the clinical symptoms and improved quality of life compared with the conventional radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Iodine-125 implantation treatment was more effective to control inoperable, large lung cancer and improved overall survival and quality of life compared with the conventional radiotherapy and chemotherapy.
Dynamic Multi-Objective TSP (DMOTSP), a new research filed of evolutionary computation, is an NP-hard problem which comes from the applications of mobile computing and mobile communications. Because ...the characters of DMOTSP change with time, the method of designing a single algorithm can not effectively solve this extremely complicated and diverse optimization problem according to NFLTs for optimization. In this paper, a new approach to designing algorithm, mufti-algorithm co-evolution strategy (MACS), for DMOTSP is proposed Through multi-algorithm co-evolution, MACS can accelerate algorithmpsilas convergence, make Pareto set maintain diversity and make Pareto front distribute evenly with a complementary performance of these algorithms and avoiding the limitations of a single algorithm. In experiment, taking the three-dimensional benchmark problem CHN144+5 with two-objective for example, the results show that MACS can solve DMOTSP effectively with faster convergence, better diversity of Pareto set and more even distribution of Pareto front than single algorithm.
Derivatives of (±)-ethyl mandelate are important intermediates in the synthesis of numerous pharmaceuticals. Therefore, efficient routes for the production of these derivatives are highly desirable. ...The short-chain dehydrogenase/reductase (SDR) is a biocatalyst that could potentially be applied to the synthesis of (±)-ethyl mandelate; however, this enzyme requires the reduced form of the cofactor nicotine adenine dinucleotide (phosphate) (NAD(P)H), which is expensive. In this study, we developed a co-immobilization strategy to overcome the issue of NADPH demand in the SDR catalytic process. The SDR from Thermus thermophilus HB8 and the NAD(P)-dependent glucose dehydrogenase (GDH) from Thermoplasma acidophilum DSM 1728 were co-immobilized on silica gel. The properties and the catalytic abilities of this dual-enzyme system were evaluated. A final yield of 1.17 mM (±)-ethyl mandelate was obtained from the catalytic conversion of ethyl benzoylformate, with a conversion rate of ethyl benzoylformate to (S)-(+)-mandelate of 71.86% and in an enantiomeric excess of > 99% after 1.5 h. This system offers an efficient route for the biosynthesis of (±)-ethyl mandelate.
9‐Fluorenylmethoxycarbonyl was a good protecting group in the field of chemical industry. In the present paper, a new approach for the synthesis of oxadiazine insecticides indoxacarb used ...9‐fluorenylmethoxycarbonyl as protected group, and triphosgene for chloroformylation. A convenient synthesis of 9‐fluorenylmethoxycarbonylhydrazine can be achieved by the nucleophilic substitution reaction of 9‐fluorenylmethyl chloroformate and hydrazine hydrate. 4a‐Methyl‐2‐(9‐fluorenylmethyl)‐7‐chloro‐indeno 1,2e1,3,4oxadia zine‐2,4a (3H,5H)‐dicarboxylate can be produced via ketone ‐hydrazine crosslink reaction and cyclization. A preparation of carbamic acid‐(chlorocarbonyl)‐(4‐trifluoromethoxy) phenyl me ester can be obtained by the chloroformylation of triphosgene. Finally, the deprotection of 9‐fluorenylmethoxy carbonyl and condensation with carbamic acid‐(chlorocarbonyl)‐(4‐trifluoromethoxy) phenyl me ester can afford indoxacarb in good yield. A new method for the synthesis of oxadiazine insecticides indoxacarb used 9‐fluorenylmethoxycarbonyl‐protected group to produce 9‐fluorenylmethoxycarbonylhydrazine, then through the ketone–hydrazine crosslink reaction, cyclization, deprotection, chloroformylation, and condensation in good yield.
Objective
To investigate whether laparoscopic excision of ovarian endometriomas pretreated with operation by gynecologists or reproductive surgeons exerts different effects on in vitro ...fertilization-intracytoplasmic sperm injection results.
Materials and methods
Retrospective case control study. Relevant information was collected from the electronic records of women who underwent IVF/ICSI from 01/01/2013 to 30/12/2015 in our unit. The study group consisted of 35 women who previously had laparoscopic endometrioma excision by reproductive surgeons in our unit; the control group included 36 patients who underwent surgery for endometriomas by gynecologists in our hospital.
Result(s)
There were slightly higher numbers of AFC and higher pregnancy rate in the study group, although differences did not reach statistical significance. For patients over 35 years old, there were more oocyte retrieved, mature oocytes and two pronucei (2PN) in the study group than the control group although observed differences did not reach statistical significance.
Conclusion(s)
Electrocautery is more deleterious on ovarian reserve than hemostatic suture. In procedure of patients who wish to conceive, surgeons should use hemostatic suturing technique preferentially.
To analyze the clinical characteristics of patients with unilateral auditory neuropathy (UAN), and to provide guidance for future clinical diagnosis and research.
Patients who were clinically ...diagnosed with UAN from 2004 to 2019 were included. Clinical characteristics, audiological features, imaging findings, genetic test results and management effect were summarized and followed.
A total of 44 patients mean age, 4.35 ± 4.39 years; 22 (50.00%) males and 22 (50.00%) females were enrolled for analyses. Among the 38 patients who were tested by pure-tone or behavioral audiometry, the degree of hearing loss of the affected ear was characterized as mild in 2 ears (5.26%), moderate in 5 (13.16%), severe in 9 (23.68%) and profound in 22 (57.89%). For the 44 contralateral ears, 33 (75.00%) showed normal hearing and 11 (25.00%) presented with sensorineural hearing loss. Auditory brainstem responses were absent or abnormal in all 44 affected ears, while otoacoustic emissions and/or cochlear microphonics were present. Among the 18 patients who underwent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), 7 (38.89%) presented cochlear nerve deficiency (CND). Nineteen candidate variants were found in 12 patients among the 15 UAN patients who were conducted targeted gene capture and next generation sequencing. Thirty patients were followed up by telephone to investigate their management effect.
Our study demonstrates comprehensive audiological features of patients with UAN to improve the clinical understanding and diagnosis. Some patients with UAN could show ipsilateral CND and MRI is essential to evaluate if the nerve is deficient. No pathogenic variants that directly related to the pathogenesis of UAN have been found in this study currently.
In heart failure, the renal responsiveness to exogenous and endogenous atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) is blunted. The mechanisms of renal hyporesponsiveness to ANP are complex, but one potential ...mechanism is decreased expression of natriuretic peptide receptor-A (NPR-A) in inner medullary collecting duct (IMCD) cells. Newly emerging evidence shows that glucocorticoids could produce potent diuresis and natriuresis in patients with heart failure, but the precise mechanism is unclear. In the present study, we found dexamethasone (Dex) dramatically increased the expression of NPR-A in IMCD cells in vitro. The NPR-A overexpression induced by Dex presented in a time- and dose-dependent manner, which emerged after 12 h and peaked after 48 h. The cultured IMCD cells were then stimulated with exogenous rat ANP. Consistent with the findings with NPR-A expression, Dex greatly increased cGMP (the second messenger for the ANP) generation in IMCD cells, which presented in a time- and dose-dependent manner as well. In rats with decompensated heart failure, Dex dramatically increased NPR-A expression in inner renal medulla, which was accompanied by a remarkable increase in renal cGMP generation, urine flow rate, and renal sodium excretion. It is noteworthy that Dex dramatically lowered plasma ANP, cGMP levels, and left ventricular end diastolic pressure. These favorable effects induced by Dex were glucocorticoid receptor (GR)-mediated and abolished by the GR antagonist 17β-hydroxy-11β-4-dimethylamino phenyl-17α-1-propynylestra-4,9-dien-3-one (RU486). Collectively, glucocorticoids could improve renal responsiveness to ANP by up-regulating NPR-A expression in the IMCD and induce a potent diuretic action in rats with decompensated heart failure.
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