•Meat quality parameters of the wild and farm-raised fallow deer were analyzed.•Our findings may suggest that meat from wild fallow deer has more desirable properties.•Further research is needed to ...validate this hypothesis.
The objective of the present study was to determine the chemical composition as well as the physicochemical and sensory properties of meat (Longissimus lumborum muscle) from wild fallow deer (Dama dama L.) bucks shot during a hunt in forests of north-eastern Poland (n=11) and farm-raised fallow deer bucks (n=14) slaughtered on a farm in north-eastern Poland. It was found that the number of samples with pHu higher than 6.0 accounted for 57% of all samples collected in the group of farmed-raised fallow deer. Meat samples with pH>6.0 were not taken into consideration while evaluating meat quality. Meat from wild fallow deer, compared with farmed animals, was characterized by a higher (P≤0.01) content of fat, a higher (P≤0.01) calorific value, a more desirable fatty acid profile, including higher (P≤0.05) concentrations of unsaturated fatty acids, lower (P≤0.01) average pHu values, lower (P≤0.05) lightness (L*) and higher (P≤0.01) color saturation resulting from a higher contribution of redness (P≤0.01) and yellowness (P>0.05). Meat from wild fallow deer received also higher scores for aroma desirability (P≤0.01), taste desirability (P≤0.05), juiciness (P≤0.05) and lower (P≤0.01) scores for tenderness.
Summary
The aim of this study was to determine whether farming leads to changes in gastrointestinal function and nitrogen metabolism in farmed mink (FA), as compared with their wild‐living ...counterparts. Three digestibility and balance trials were carried out. Experiment I was performed in May, and experiments II and III were conducted in September 2011. Farmed mink with the standard coat colour were purchased from a production farm in south‐eastern Poland. Feral mink were harvested using cages in the hunting grounds of the Polish Hunting Association, Branch in Olsztyn. The experimental materials comprised of the following: trial I – adult males (eight animals per group), trial II – young females (six animals per group), trial III–young animals (five males and five females per group). Food transit time was measured during digestibility trials, on 10 consecutive days. The coefficients of nutrient and energy digestibility and daily nitrogen balance values were compared between groups in each experiment. It was found that farming contributed to changes in gastrointestinal function and nitrogen metabolism in mink. Farmed animals were characterized by a longer bowel transit time, a tendency towards higher nutrient digestibility and higher nitrogen retention, which resulted from selection for higher productivity.
This study was aimed at determining the possibility of applying rapeseed cake (RC) and wheat distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS) in diets for HYPLUS meat-type rabbits (n=64, aged 35–84 ...days). Control diet (SC) contained 5% of extracted soybean meal. In RC diet, the soybean meal was replaced by RC, in DG diet – by wheat DDGS, whereas in RC–DG diet – by a mixture of RC and wheat DDGS (2.5% each). The study included production analyses, digestibility-balance experiment and physiological assessment of gut response to experimental factors hence data was collected on daily bodyweight gains, feed intake and slaughter performance, nutrients digestibility, nitrogen retention and gut response. The latter included assessment of parameters describing the small intestinal, cecal, and colonic environment of rabbits (e.g. digesta viscosity, ammonia concentration, bacterial enzymes activity, short-chain fatty acid concentration). The highest productivity results were reported for SC group and the lowest ones for DG group. The RC and RC–DG groups were characterised by intermediate productivity. Dressing percentage and contents of carcass elements did not differ among the groups (except for the hind part). Nutrients digestibility and nitrogen retention were the highest in the SC group and the lowest in DG group. The dietary incorporation of DDGS resulted in undesired responses of the gastrointestinal tract including excessively watery digesta in the small intestine, increased concentration of cecal and colonic ammonia, enhanced activity of potentially harmful bacterial β-glucuronidase in cecal digesta, and increased cecal concentration of putrefactive short-chain fatty acids. These negative effects were not due to RC and RC–DG dietary treatments, apart from decreased dry matter concentration in the small intestine in the RC–DG group. In general, the results of our study demonstrated that 5% rape cake can be successfully incorporated into rabbit dietary regimen as a substitute of dietary soybean meal. Considering that the productivity of rabbits fed 2.5% of DDGS (with 2.5% rape cake) and these receiving 5% rape cake was comparable, optional seems also dietary inclusion of up to 2.5% wheat DDGS The higher content of DDGS (5%) in the diet deteriorated most of the growth parameters of rabbits.
Nutrient digestibility in Arctic fox (Vulpes lagopus) fed diets containing animal meals Gugołek, A.(University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn); Zabockłi, W.(University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn); Kowalska, D.(National Research Institute of Animal Production Krakowska) ...
Arquivo brasileiro de medicina veterinária e zootecnia,
08/2010, Volume:
62, Issue:
4
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
Open access
Three digestibility experiments on Arctic foxes were carried out. Control groups were fed standard diets (C1 and C2) composed of fresh or frozen animal by-products and steamed ground grain. Dry ...experimental diets (E1 and E2) contained animal meals, extracted meals and fat, were mixed with water prior to administration. In a preliminary experiment, the digestibility of dry diet E1 moistened with water for 15min and 24h was compared to determine the optimum moistening time during the experimental period proper. The preliminary experiment showed that moistening time had no significant effect on digestibility. In the main experiment, two independent digestibility trials were performed to compare the digestibility of diets fed to foxes during growth (C1 vs. E1) and fur development (C2 vs. E2). Better nutrient digestibility was noted for control diets, compared to experimental. The greatest differences were reported for total protein digestibility. Protein contained in meals undergoes denaturation during heat treatment, which reduces digestibility. It was found that the retention of nitrogen in relation to nitrogen digestion was higher in foxes fed experimental diets (E1 and E2).
Realizaram-se três ensaios de digestibilidade em raposas polares. Os grupos controles receberam dietas-padrão (C1 e C2) compostas por subprodutos de origem animal frescos ou congelados e sementes de cereais em grão. As dietas secas (E1, E2) usadas nos ensaios que continham farinha de origem animal e sementes em grãos extrudadas eram hidratadas antes de administradas. Em ensaio preliminar, avaliou-se a digestibilidade da dieta seca E1, submetida a 15 minutos e a 24 horas de hidratação. Verificou-se que o tempo de hidratação não influenciou a digestão. No experimento principal, foram realizados dois ensaios para comparar a digestibilidade das dietas fornecidas às raposas no período de crescimento (C1 vs E1) e no desenvolvimento de pelo (C2 vs E2). Melhor digestibilidade dos nutrientes foi observada para as dietas controle. As maiores diferenças foram relatadas para a proteína total. A desnaturação das proteínas, durante o tratamento térmico, reduz o índice de digestibilidade das dietas. Observou-se alto teor de retenção de hidrogênio em relação ao hidrogênio digerido nas raposas alimentadas com as dietas E1 e E2.
The aim of the present study was to analyze the presence and morphology of the pineal concretions in the Arctic fox and their relationship to pinealocytes, glial cells and collagen fibers. Pineals ...collected from 7-8 month-old and 3-4 year-old foxes (6 in each age-group) were investigated. Sections of the glands were stained with HE, Mallory's method and alizarin red S as well as subjected to a combined procedure involving immunofluorescent staining with antibodies against antigen S, glial fibril acid protein (GFAP), type I and III collagen and histochemical staining with alizarin red S. The pineal concretions were found in 2 of 6 investigated Arctic foxes aged 3 years and they were not observed in animals aged 7-8 months. The acervuli were present in the parenchyma and the connective tissue septa. They were more numerous in the distal part than in the proximal part of the gland. The acervuli stained with alizarin red S revealed an intensive red fluorescence, what enabled the use of this compound in a combined histochemical-immunofluorescent procedure. A majority of cells in the fox pineal showed positive staining with antibodies against antigen S, a marker of pinealocytes. GFAP-positive cells were especially numerous in the proximal part of the gland. Both antigen S- and GFAP-positive cells were frequently observed close to the concrements. Collagen fibers of type I and III were found in the capsule, connective tissue septa and vessels. Immunoreactive fibers did not form any capsules or basket-like structures surrounding the concrements.
The aim of this study was to determine the body weight characteristics of fallow deer fawns and does over the period from weaning to the time the animals are put out to pasture, as well as to analyze ...seasonal variations in their body weights during the winter months. Before the winter the average body weights of fawns, 1.5-year-old does and older does were 24.30 kg, 35.64 kg and 44.60 kg respectively. After the winter the average body weights were as follows: fawns that spent the winter with does in the wintering ground – 22.98 kg, fawns that spent the winter under a shelter – 25.60 kg, does aged 1.5 years – 34.28 kg, does older than 2 years – 42.20 kg. It may be concluded that wintering under a shelter had a positive effect on the body weight gains of fawns.
The aim of the present research was to determine the relationship between the live body weight, trunk length and pelt size in arctic foxes. The studies were conducted on 257 arctic foxes. ...Measurements of the body weight and trunk length were taken directly before slaughter. After slaughter, pelts were subjected to standard processing. Dried pelts were measured and the values obtained were compared with those concerning the body weight and trunk length of a given animal. Statistical differences between males and females were determined. The multiple regression method was employed to calculate the coefficients of correlation between the body weight, trunk length, and pelt length. Multiple regression formulas were derived to estimate the pelt size (trait Y) before slaughter based on the body weight (trait X1) and trunk length (trait X2). Those equations make it easier for breeders to determine the expected size of pelts in a given season before animals are slaughtered, and to estimate their market value.
Several studies on the effect of cultures of probiotic bacteria such as Lactobacillus acidophilus and Enterococcus faecium on nutrient digestibility and nitrogen retention in growing arctic foxes ...were conducted on 8 females aged about 4 months. The animals were placed in individual cages adapted for digestibility-balance analyses and faeces/urine collection. A five-day research period was preceded by a preliminary one. Experimental animals were given probiotics in the amount of 1 g per 600 g of feed mixture. The results show that the addition of probiotic bacteria cultures resulted in better utilization of both carbohydrates and gross energy from the ration. A slightly higher level of nitrogen retention was also observed.
The objective of this study was to determine whether meat-type rabbits can be fed a diet without coccidiostatics during the fattening period. The effect of feeding two pelleted diets was compared ...during the experiment. The control diet was supplemented with the coccidiostatic drug robenidine, while the experimental diet contained no coccidiostatics. Over the experimental period the animals were weighed at 35, 56, 70, 77 and 90 days of age. Feces samples were taken for parasitological analysis and assayed for the presence of coccidia. Mortality rates were determined at particular stages of the experiment. It was found that a diet without the coccidiostatic drug had no statistically significant effect on the final body weights of rabbits. It was also demonstrated that coccidian infection rates and mortality rates were slightly higher in the experimental group.
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