The frequency dependence of radio pulse arrival times provides a probe of structures in the intervening media. Demorest et al. was the first to show a short-term (∼100-200 days) reduction in the ...electron content along the line of sight to PSR J1713+0747 in data from 2008 (approximately MJD 54750) based on an apparent dip in the dispersion measure of the pulsar. We report on a similar event in 2016 (approximately MJD 57510), with average residual pulse-arrival times −3.0, −1.3, and −0.7 s at 820, 1400, and 2300 MHz, respectively. Timing analyses indicate possible departures from the standard −2 dispersive-delay dependence. We discuss and rule out a wide variety of potential interpretations. We find the likeliest scenario to be lensing of the radio emission by some structure in the interstellar medium, which causes multiple frequency-dependent pulse arrival-time delays.
Coontail (
Ceratophyllum demersum L.) plants when exposed to various concentrations of Pb (1–100
μM) for 1–7
days, exhibited both phytotoxic and tolerance responses. The specific responses were ...function of concentration and duration. Plants accumulated 1748
μg
Pb
g
−1 dw after 7
d which reflected its metal accumulation ability, however most of the metal (1222
μg
g
−1 dw, 70%) was accumulated after 1
d exposure only. The toxic effect and oxidative stress caused by Pb were evident by the reduction in biomass and photosynthetic pigments and increase in malondialddehyde (MDA) content and electrical conductivity with increase in metal concentration and exposure duration. Morphological symptoms of senescence phenomena such as chlorosis and fragmentation of leaves were observed after 7
d. The metal tolerance and detoxification strategy adopted by the plant was investigated with reference to antioxidant system and synthesis of phytochelatins. Protein and antioxidant enzymes viz., superoxide dismutase (SOD, EC 1.15.1.1), guaiacol peroxidase (GPX, EC 1.11.1.7) ascorbate peroxidase (APX, EC 1.11.1.11), catalase (CAT, EC 1.11.1.6) and glutathione reductase (GR, EC 1.6.4.2) showed induction at lower concentration and duration followed by decline. All enzymes except GPX showed maximum activity after 1
d. An increase in cysteine, non-protein thiols (NP-SH) and glutathione (GSH) content was observed at moderate exposure conditions followed by decline. Phytochelatins (PC
2 and PC
3) were synthesized to significant levels at 10 and 50
μM Pb with concomitant decrease in GSH levels. Thus production of PCs seems important for the detoxification of metal, however it may lead to depletion of GSH and consequently oxidative stress. Results suggest that plants responded positively to moderate Pb concentrations and accumulated high amount of metal. Due to metal accumulation coupled with detoxification potential, the plant appears to have potential for its use as phytoremediator species in aquatic environments having moderate pollution of Pb.
For carrying out glacier change analysis in Chandra basin, Western Himalaya, India during 1971-2016, glacier inventory is generated for year 2002 using Landsat Enhanced Thematic Mapper+ (ETM+) and ...Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) Global Digital Elevation Model Version 2 (GDEM V2) data. Total 395 glaciers are mapped covering 703.3 ± 20.4 km
2
area with minimum glacier size being >0.02 km
2
. Out of these, 59 glaciers have debris-covered ice covering an area of 67.2 ± 1.9 km
2
. In this study, a subset of 169 glaciers is used for glacier area change analysis using Corona KH-4B (1971), Landsat ETM+ (2002) and Sentinel-2 (2016) images due to the availability of cloud free data sources. In 1971, 639.4 ± 5.8 km
2
glacier area is estimated which decreased to 620.2 ± 18.0 km
2
(-3.0 ± 3.0%) in 2002 and 608.1 ± 10.3 km
2
(-4.9 ± 1.9%) in 2016. The change in glacier length of Samudra Tapu and Gepang Gath glaciers is showing increasing trend since last two decades as compared to Hamtah, Chhota Shigri and Bara Shigri glaciers due to presence of pro-glacial lake at their snout. Clean-ice glaciers, glaciers with low mean elevation, glaciers having steep surface, glaciers with west to south and east to south orientation, small size glaciers and glaciers having pro-glacial lake at the snout are responsible to higher loss in glacier area. Statistical trend analysis using Mann-Kendall test and Sen's slope estimator test show that Asian Precipitation-Highly-Resolved Observational Data Integration Towards Evaluation (APHRODITE) based annual mean temperature have rising trend at a rate of 0.02°C per year during 1961-2015, and can be ascribed as one of the factors for glacier shrinking.
Glaciers and snow cover area (SCA) plays an important role in river runoff in Himalayan region. There is a need to monitor SCA on spatio-temporal basis for better and efficient utilization of water ...resources. Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) provides less cloudy data due to high temporal resolution as compared to other optical sensors for high elevation regions, and its 8-day snow cover product is globally used for snow cover estimation. The main objective of the present paper is to estimate annual and seasonal SCA in Chandra basin, Western Himalaya, and analysis of its variation with elevation, aspect, and slope during 2001 to 2017 using MODIS Terra (MOD10A2) and Aqua (MYD10A2) snow cover product as well as to correlate the same with temperature and precipitation using fifth generation European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) Atmospheric Reanalysis of the global climate (ERA5) data. The total average SCA observed is 84.94% of basin area during the study period. The maximum annual average SCA was found as 91.23% in 2009 with minimum being 76.37% in 2016. Strong correlation is observed in annual and seasonal SCA with temperature which indicate that SCA variability is highly sensitive to temperature.
The business concept of the circular economy (CE) has gained significant momentum among practitioners and researchers alike. However, successful adoption and implementation of this paradigm of ...managing business remains a challenge. In this article, we build a case for utilizing big data analytics (BDA) as a fundamental basis for informed and data driven decision making in supply chain networks supporting CE. We view this from a stakeholder perspective and argue that a collaborative association among all supply chain members can positively affect CE implementation. We propose a model highlighting the facilitating role of big data analytics for achieving shared sustainability goals. The model is based on integrating thematic categories coming out of 10 semi-structured interviews with key position holders in industry. We argue that mutual support and coordination driven by a stakeholder perspective coupled with holistic information processing and sharing along the entire supply chain network can effectively create a basis for achieving the triple bottom line of economic, ecological and social benefits. The proposed model is useful for managers in that it provides a reference point for aligning activities with the circular economy paradigm. The conceptual model provides a theoretical basis for future empirical research in this domain.
•Complex circular economy practices drive the need for better collaboration and data sharing among participants.•The framework informs participants on how to manage big data analytics to support the triple bottom line.•Managing relationships among stakeholders is the key success factor when employing big data analytics in circular economy.
Targeting bromodomains (BRDs) of the bromo-and-extra-terminal (BET) family offers opportunities for therapeutic intervention in cancer and other diseases. Here, we profile the interactomes of BRD2, ...BRD3, BRD4, and BRDT following treatment with the pan-BET BRD inhibitor JQ1, revealing broad rewiring of the interaction landscape, with three distinct classes of behavior for the 603 unique interactors identified. A group of proteins associate in a JQ1-sensitive manner with BET BRDs through canonical and new binding modes, while two classes of extra-terminal (ET)-domain binding motifs mediate acetylation-independent interactions. Last, we identify an unexpected increase in several interactions following JQ1 treatment that define negative functions for BRD3 in the regulation of rRNA synthesis and potentially RNAPII-dependent gene expression that result in decreased cell proliferation. Together, our data highlight the contributions of BET protein modules to their interactomes allowing for a better understanding of pharmacological rewiring in response to JQ1.
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•Treatment with JQ1 induces an extensive BET proteins interactome rewiring•Structural and biophysical studies expand the target space for BET bromodomains•Two distinct short linear motifs mediate BET ET domain interactions•BRD3 negatively regulates proliferation through Pol I and II mechanisms
Lambert, Picaud, et al. report that pharmacological bromodomain inhibition rewires the interactome of the Bromo and Extra-Terminal (BET) proteins, resulting in loss (e.g., histones), maintenance, or gain of interactions. They reveal new binding modalities and an unsuspected negative role for BRD3 in proliferation.
The present study was designed to study the process of stress adaptation in roots and shoot of
Zea mays seedlings grown under hydroponic conditions during exposure to lead (Pb) (0–200
μM) for 1–7
d. ...The alterations in growth and in the level of various biochemical parameters were accessed vis-à-vis Pb accumulation. The accumulation of Pb increased in a concentration-duration-dependent manner, however its translocation from root to shoot was low. At the same time, the level of malondialdehyde (MDA) increased with increasing Pb concentration. However, growth parameters, such as dry weight and root length did not show a significant decline to any of the Pb concentrations. In addition, the level of photosynthetic pigments decreased only upon exposure to high Pb concentrations. These results suggested an alleviation of the stress that was presumably being achieved by antioxidants viz., superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) as well as ascorbic acid (AsA), which increased linearly with increasing Pb levels and exposure time. However, the level of non-protein thiols (NP-SH) in roots, in general, showed a decline beyond 4
d that could be attributed to their consumption for the purpose of Pb detoxification. In conclusion,
Zea mays can be used as an indicator species for Pb, and the various antioxidants might play a key role in the detoxification of Pb induced toxic effects.
Background Food allergy is an important public health problem because it affects children and adults, can be severe and even life-threatening, and may be increasing in prevalence. Beginning in 2008, ...the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, working with other organizations and advocacy groups, led the development of the first clinical guidelines for the diagnosis and management of food allergy. A recent landmark clinical trial and other emerging data suggest that peanut allergy can be prevented through introduction of peanut-containing foods beginning in infancy. Objectives Prompted by these findings, along with 25 professional organizations, federal agencies, and patient advocacy groups, the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases facilitated development of addendum guidelines to specifically address the prevention of peanut allergy. Results The addendum provides 3 separate guidelines for infants at various risk levels for the development of peanut allergy and is intended for use by a wide variety of health care providers. Topics addressed include the definition of risk categories, appropriate use of testing (specific IgE measurement, skin prick tests, and oral food challenges), and the timing and approaches for introduction of peanut-containing foods in the health care provider's office or at home. The addendum guidelines provide the background, rationale, and strength of evidence for each recommendation. Conclusions Guidelines have been developed for early introduction of peanut-containing foods into the diets of infants at various risk levels for peanut allergy.
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