As the site of the assassination that triggered World War I and the place where the term "ethnic cleansing" was invented during the Yugoslav Wars of the 1990s, Bosnia has become a global symbol of ...nationalist conflict and ethnic division. But as Edin Hajdarpasic shows, formative contestations over the region began well before 1914, emerging with the rise of new nineteenth-century forces-Serbian and Croatian nationalisms as well as Ottoman, Habsburg, Muslim, and Yugoslav political movements-that claimed this province as their own.Whose Bosnia?reveals the political pressures and moral arguments that made this land a prime target of escalating nationalist activity.
To explain the remarkable proliferation of national movements since the nineteenth century, Hajdarpasic draws on a vast range of sources-records of secret societies, imperial surveillance files, poetry, paintings, personal correspondences-spanning Bosnia, Serbia, Croatia, Turkey, and Austria. Challenging conventional readings of Balkan histories,Whose Bosnia?provides new insight into central themes of modern politics, illuminating core subjects like "the people," state-building, and national suffering. Hajdarpasic uses South Slavic debates over Bosnian Muslim identity to propose a new figure in the history of nationalism: the(br)other, a character signifying at the same time the potential of being both "brother" and "Other," containing the fantasy of both complete assimilation and insurmountable difference. By bringing such figures into focus,Whose Bosnia?shows nationalism to be an immensely dynamic and open-ended force, one that eludes any clear sense of historical closure.
Introduction: The aim of this study was the evaluation of symptom improvements in patients with moderate lumbar spinal stenosis, who consecutively underwent placement of interspinous distraction ...deviceIMPALA®.Methods: This study included a total of 11 adult patients with moderate lumbar spinal stenosis. Clinical evaluations were performed preoperatively and 3-months after surgery using the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) and Oswestry Disability Index (ODI).Results: The mean preoperative VAS was 7.09 and fell to 2.27 a 3-months after surgery. The mean preoperative ODI was 59.45 fell to 20.72 a 3-months after surgery.Conclusions: Using the IMPALA® device in patients with moderate lumbar spinal stenosis is a minimal invasive, effective and safe procedure. Clinical symptoms were improved 3 months after surgery.
Migration of distal ventriculoperitoneal (VP) shunt catheter into another body part has been described as a potentially serious surgical complication. We present the first case of sepsis caused by ...transcardial and pulmonary migration of a distal catheter into the heart and pulmonary artery, which was subsequently colonized by Klebsiella pneumoniae.
A 56-year-old man underwent VP shunt insertion for hydrocephalus that developed after the surgery for intracranial meningioma. Three years later, he was admitted to department for infectious diseases because of persistent fever. Klebsiella pneumoniae was isolated from the blood cultures. Computed tomography (CT) of the thorax showed migration of the distal catheter into the heart and pulmonary artery. The migrated shunt catheter was retrieved without any complication with the assistance of a cardiovascular surgeon; microbiologic analysis confirmed that the catheter was colonized with K. pneumoniae. We decided to delay new VP shunt placement because of the positive blood cultures, and 3 weeks after the surgery, the patient was without signs of increased intracranial pressure and without any heart problems.
Migration of a distal VP shunt catheter into the heart should be considered in patients with a previously placed VP shunt presenting with cardiopulmonary problems, arrhythmia, and/or fever. Neurosurgeons should be involved as soon as possible, and a multidisciplinary approach is warranted.
As the recent controversy over reinterpretations of the 1876 Batak massacre in Bulgaria demonstrates, historiographic discussions of Ottoman rule have the potential to ignite bitter and far-reaching ...public debates about the character of national identity and historical memory in most countries in the Balkans. Framed more broadly, the legacy of the Ottoman Empire in Europe has become a part of the pervasive Muslim question that continues to dominate discourses about values across the European continent. Here, Hajdarpasic provides a historically grounded critique of the now-dominant discourse in south-eastern Europe that continues to legitimate and reproduce a stark and allegedly insurmountable divide between the foreign Muslim Turks and the native Christian nations of the Balkans. He explores the origins and the persistence of the dominant Muslim vs. Christian dichotomy before suggesting ways of unravelling some of its foundational premises. Moreover, he points to several approaches that have challenged this prevalent viewpoint and thus enabled other visions, counter-perceptions, and alternative perspectives on the Ottoman legacy to emerge in opposition to the constraints of the dominant ideological frameworks.
Intervertebral disc herniations are caused by rupture of the fibrous ring and migration of one part of the nucleus pulposus towards the spinal canal. The most commonly affected levels are C5-C6 and ...C6-C7. Surgical treatment of cervicobrachialgia is indicated in the presence of long-term intense pain syndrome with or without radicular sensory-motor deficit and magnetic resonance (MRI) verified disc herniation with a compressive effect.
The most common surgical treatment is anterior lateral microdiscectomy with or without the use of implants. In addition to this method, dorsolateral microsurgical treatment can be used for foraminal hernias.
This retrospective study included 110 (58 / 52.7% male and 52 / 47.3% female) patients with cervical disc herniations who were surgically treated at the Neurosurgery clinic of Clinical Center of Sarajevo University (CCUS) in a five-year period. Stability, postoperative curvature, arthrodesis, implants, and changes in adjacent segments were radiographically analyzed. In the outcome assessment, functional outcome and patient satisfaction were analyzed using the Pain Self-Evaluation Scale (VAS), Prolo functional and economic score, and White's classification of treatment outcomes.
The dominant prevalence of changes was recorded at the levels of C5-C6 (58%) and C4-C5 (28%) with a ventrolateral approach performed in 90% of patients. The largest representation is hard dorsolateral discs (n = 77). In the group of patients with placed implant, hard discs were present in 96 (90%) cases (p <0.001), while soft discs were dominant in patients without implant placement (p <0.001). In the group of subjects with implant, the most common are hard dorsolateral discs and those of mixed localization in 41 of 55 patients (65.5%; p = 0.001). The most common implant is PEEK cage (74.5%). From complications, we had partial vertebral body fractures in 4.5% of patients. Furtehr, the most common are sensory disturbances in 2.73% of respondents. Reduction of symptoms and improvement of preoperative neurological status were observed in over 95% of patients.
Surgical treatment of cervical disc herniation is a safe method with a minimal percentage of complications. Microsurgical discectomy significantly contributes to the improvement of the functional status of patients, the reduction of pain, and the improvement of neurological deficit and overall mobility.
Arteriovenous malformation (bAVM) presents maldevelopment of the brain's vessels with a direct connection between cerebral arteries and veins. By current data, patients from Spetzler Ponce A (SP) are ...found to benefit from the treatment. Considering the outcome, most of SP C and some of the SP B are the most debatable.
Arteriovenous malformation presents maldevelopment of the brain's vessels with a consequent direct connection between cerebral arteries and veins. The annual risk of hemorrhage in adults is reported for 2-3 %. They usually present with unilateral headaches seizures and intracranial hemorrhage. By current data, patients from Spetzler Ponce A (SP) are found to benefit from the treatment. Considering the outcome, most of SP C and some of the SP B are the most debatable.
The study included a cohort of bAVM patients referred to Fujita Health University Bantane Hotokukai Hospital, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan where the main author (AA) has completed an international cerebrovascular fellowship under the mentorship of Professor Yoko Kato. Japanese Stroke Guidelines (JSG) were used for the treatment decision. Patients were graded according to the Spetzler Ponce (SP) system. Considering American Heart Association criteria (AHA), embolization was used as a part of multimodal treatment. Intraoperative microscopic video tools included Indocyanine green ICG, FLOW 800 and dual image video angiography DIVA. Clinical outcomes were measured using Modified Ranking Score (mRs).
A total of eleven patients with brain bAVM were studied with a median age of 32 years IQR = 22-52. There were ten patients presented with supratentorial and a single patient with infratentorial AVM. Patients were graded according to the Spetzler Ponce (SP) system. There were eight patients in SP A (72,7%), one in group B (9 %) while the rest of them were in C (18 %). Two patients had associated aneurysms that required treatment. The median size of the AVM nidus was 3,50 cm IQR= 2-5. Deep venous drainage was found in six patients while three were located in eloquent zones. Clinical outcomes were considered good by mRs <2 in eight patients, seven from the surgically treated group (72,7 % respectively). Surgery median length time was 427, 5 minutes; IQR =320 - 463 with complete AVM resection in all patients and no mortality recorded in this cohort with the median follow up of 39,5 months IQR = 19-59.
Ideal management of bAVM is still controversial. Those complex vascular lesions require multimodal treatment in a majority of cases in highly specialized centers. In SP A patients, surgery provides the best results with a positive outcome and a small number of complications. With the improvement of endovascular feeder occlusion SP B patients become prone to a more positive outcome. Nowadays, intraoperative microscopic tools such as FLOW 800, ICG and DIVA are irreplaceable while improving safety to deal with bAVM. For SP C patients, a combination of endovascular and stereotactic radiosurgery was found to be a good option in the present time.
The Fourteenth Amendment, ratified on July 9, 1868, identified all legitimate voters as "male." In so doing, it added gender-specific language to the U.S. Constitution for the first time. Suffrage ...Reconstructed is the first book to consider how and why the amendment's authors made this decision. Vividly detailing congressional floor bickering and activist campaigning, Laura E. Free takes readers into the pre- and postwar fights over precisely who should have the right to vote. Free demonstrates that all men, black and white, were the ultimate victors of these fights, as gender became the single most important marker of voting rights during Reconstruction.
Free argues that the Fourteenth Amendment's language was shaped by three key groups: African American activists who used ideas about manhood to claim black men's right to the ballot, postwar congressmen who sought to justify enfranchising southern black men, and women's rights advocates who began to petition Congress for the ballot for the first time as the Amendment was being drafted. To prevent women's inadvertent enfranchisement, and to incorporate formerly disfranchised black men into the voting polity, the Fourteenth Amendment's congressional authors turned to gender to define the new American voter. Faced with this exclusion some woman suffragists, most notably Elizabeth Cady Stanton, turned to rhetorical racism in order to mount a campaign against sex as a determinant of one's capacity to vote. Stanton's actions caused a rift with Frederick Douglass and a schism in the fledgling woman suffrage movement. By integrating gender analysis and political history, Suffrage Reconstructed offers a new interpretation of the Civil War-era remaking of American democracy, placing African American activists and women's rights advocates at the heart of nineteenth-century American conversations about public policy, civil rights, and the franchise.
The Fourteenth Amendment, ratified on July 9, 1868, identified all legitimate voters as "male." In so doing, it added gender-specific language to the U.S. Constitution for the first time.Suffrage Reconstructedis the first book to consider how and why the amendment's authors made this decision. Vividly detailing congressional floor bickering and activist campaigning, Laura E. Free takes readers into the pre- and postwar fights over precisely who should have the right to vote. Free demonstrates that all men, black and white, were the ultimate victors of these fights, as gender became the single most important marker of voting rights during Reconstruction.Free argues that the Fourteenth Amendment's language was shaped by three key groups: African American activists who used ideas about manhood to claim black men's right to the ballot, postwar congressmen who sought to justify enfranchising southern black men, and women's rights advocates who began to petition Congress for the ballot for the first time as the Amendment was being drafted. To prevent women's inadvertent enfranchisement, and to incorporate formerly disfranchised black men into the voting polity, the Fourteenth Amendment's congressional authors turned to gender to define the new American voter. Faced with this exclusion some woman suffragists, most notably Elizabeth Cady Stanton, turned to rhetorical racism in order to mount a campaign against sex as a determinant of one's capacity to vote. Stanton's actions caused a rift with Frederick Douglass and a schism in the fledgling woman suffrage movement. By integrating gender analysis and political history,Suffrage Reconstructedoffers a new interpretation of the Civil War-era remaking of American democracy, placing African American activists and women's rights advocates at the heart of nineteenth-century American conversations about public policy, civil rights, and the franchise.
“The wordnarodhas flooded our poetry, literature, sciences, not to mention our journalism,” wrote the Croatian politician Ivan Lorković in 1898 in a reflection on the significance of this ...term—generally meaning “the people”—for the rise of nationalism in the Balkans. “This is the word that has inspired all the movements in different parts of our people in this century; yet the concept of ‘the people’ itself proved to be different in content and in scope” for various constituencies. For some, it meant “liberation from the Turks,” for others, a folklorist celebration of vernacular “language and education,” for
One winter day in 1840, a small group of revolutionaries crossed the river Sava on their return to Bosnia. It was a homecoming of sorts, as each one of them was born and raised in the Ottoman ...province. As boys, they had joined the Bosnian Franciscan order that later sent them away to the Habsburg Monarchy and Italy for higher education. After spending several years in central European seminaries, these students were set to revisit Bosnia in drastically different circumstances, vowing to “liberate theraya” and rid Bosnia of Turkish rule. In Veszprém, “we befriended a Serb family … whose
INTRODUCTION Hajdarpasic, Edin
Whose Bosnia?,
10/2015
Book Chapter
By the end of the nineteenth century—an era marked by the rise of new nation-making projects worldwide—patriotism had become a ubiquitous point of reference, “a general spice for everything,” Milutin ...Garašanin wrote in 1892. As a leading Serbian diplomat, publicist, and minister of the interior, Garašanin spent much of his career trying to cultivate new national attachments to Serbia and to expand the state’s realms to neighboring Balkan regions.¹ But at the same time, Garašanin was exasperated by the intractable proliferation of patriotic phrases, symbols, gatherings, and activities that enabled so many actors to claim to have become
PDF
