A 60-year-old-man underwent initial resection of a rectal tumor, with a transanal approach, on December 6, 2000. The tumor was diagnosed as a gastrointestinal stromal tumor(GIST) by KIT and CD34 ...immunohistochemistry. In June 2003, a third recurrence in the rectum was discovered, at the same location as the initial tumor, and he was referred to our hospital. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed a tumor 3.0 cm in diameter, compressing the prostate anteriorly. After the oral administration of imatinib mesylate (Gleevec, Glivec) at a dose of 400 mg per day for 3 months, the size of the tumor had decreased to 1.2 cm in diameter. On December 12, 2003, a fourth operation was performed successfully, with a perineal approach, preserving sphincter function. More than 40 months after the fourth operation, neither local recurrence nor distant metastasis was detected. Our strategy of treatment with imatinib allows not only complete excision of the tumor but it also reduces postoperative impediments in patients with recurrent rectal GIST.
The neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) is effective as a predictive factor for lung cancer treated with nivolumab. The objective of this study was to determine the effectiveness of NLR for patients ...with advanced gastric cancer (AGC) treated with nivolumab.
This was a multicenter, retrospective study of patients with AGC treated with nivolumab from June 2017 to December 2017. The NLRs were calculated before the first cycle (NLR
) and two weeks after the first administration (NLR
).
Twenty-six patients were enrolled (males 19, females 7) with a median age of 64 years. The overall response rate was 15%. The median PFS was 80 days (range, 11 - 265) and the median OS was 290 days (range, 21 - 332). Stratified with high NLR (≥5) and low NLR (<5), the median PFS was shorter in the high NLR
arm (87 vs. 45 days; p=0.066) and significantly shorter in the high NLR
arm (94 vs. 28 days; p=0.014). The median OS was significantly shorter in the high NLR
arm (290 vs. 175 days; p=0.008) and in the high NLR
arm (290 vs. 69 days; p<0.001).
NLR may be an effective prognostic factor in patients with AGC treated with nivolumab.
Ureteral injury during pelvic surgery is a serious complication that requires special attention. The fluorescent ureteral catheter near-infrared ray catheter sets are 6.0F catheters containing ...fluorescent substances along their length that can be recognized by a laparoscopic indocyanine green camera. We present our experience using a near-infrared ray catheter in 6 consecutive patients who underwent surgery for recurrent pelvic tumors.
The near-infrared ray catheters were inserted into the bilateral ureters in all patients, with the exception of patient 5 (left unilateral), by urologists using a cystoscope with the same technique as that commonly used in placing ureteral stents under general anesthesia. A laparoscopic indocyanine green camera was adapted to identify the ureters. From February 2020 to July 2020, 6 consecutive patients with recurrent pelvic tumors underwent surgery using a near-infrared ray catheter. In 3 patients, recurrent tumors were detected in the pelvic cavity after surgery for colon cancer (1 patient each of peritoneal recurrence behind the seminal vesicles, lymph node metastasis on the residual superior rectal artery, and peritoneal recurrence at the peritoneal reflection). Two patients had postoperative local recurrences of rectal cancer. The last patient had a recurrence of cervical carcinoma invading the rectum.
All patients underwent surgery under ureteral image navigation using near-infrared ray catheter not only for ureter preservation during the operation (4 patients) but also for the combined resection of the ureter with recurrent tumors (2 patients). One patient experienced postoperative ureteral stenosis on postoperative day 21 that required a ureteral double J-stent placement in the left ureter.
Near-infrared ray catheter has the potential to reduce inadvertent periureteral dissection because the ureter can be identified before approaching it.
About 50% of patients who have a permanent stoma experience some degree of parastomal hernia formation. To prevent this complication, the extraperitoneal route is considered to be more effective than ...the transperitoneal route in the case of open colorectal surgery. This technique also has superiority in avoiding postoperative intestinal obstruction. Although laparoscopic surgery for rectal cancer has not been proved to be as safe as open surgery by a randomized-controlled trial, some studies have shown the equality of long-term results with laparoscopic low anterior resection and laparoscopic abdominoperineal resection. It is anticipated that cases of laparoscopic abdominoperineal resection will increase in the near future. However, a laparoscopic technique for creation of a permanent stoma has hardly been discussed. Most operative procedures for laparoscopic stoma creation have been performed with transperitoneal route, which may cause parastomal hernia and/or intestinal obstruction. This report describes a laparoscopic technique for permanent sigmoid stoma creation through the extraperitoneal approach.
Tailgut cyst is a rare congenital cyst occurring in the retrorectal space and development of neoplastic lesions in tailgut cyst has been reported. Due to the rarity of the tumor, the histogenesis of ...neoplastic lesions in tailgut cyst has remained elusive. In the present study, the clinicopathological features of tailgut cyst were analyzed with a particular focus on the development of neoplastic lesions. The clinicopathological features of four patients with tailgut cyst (one female and three males) were retrospectively reviewed. No symptoms were present in two patients. Perineal discomfort, and constipation and urinary retention, were described in the other two patients, respectively. Magnetic resonance imaging showed that the cystic lesions were hypointense on T1- and hyperintense on T2-weigted images in all patients. Histopathological analysis revealed that all lesions were multilocular, and cystic walls were covered by squamous and ciliated epithelia without nuclear atypia. The development of neoplastic lesions was noted in two patients. Dysplastic change composed of piling-up proliferation of glandular cells with mild to moderate nuclear atypia was present in one patient, and invasive adenocarcinoma with a dysplasia component was observed in another patient. Dysplasia of the glandular cells, as seen in two patients in the present series, may be a precursor lesion of invasive adenocarcinoma; therefore, adenocarcinoma arsing in tailgut cyst may show a dysplasia-carcinoma sequence. While the reported incidence of neoplastic lesions in tailgut cysts is ~9% or less, their frequency remains to be accurately determined. Therefore, complete surgical resection is important for the management of patients with tailgut cyst. Additional clinicopathological and molecular studies with large cohorts may be required to clarify the histogenesis of neoplastic lesion in tailgut cyst. Key words: tailgut cyst, neoplasia, dysplasia, adenocarcinoma
We herein report a case of rectosigmoid cancer metastasizing to a fistula in ano. A 53-year-old man complaining of anal bleeding consulted another hospital. He had been suffering from an anal fistula ...since 7 years. On the left upper side of the skin surface around the anus a fistula end was seen as a hole that tunneled down into the back passage, although no hard tumor was palpable on the hole. Complete colonoscopy revealed an ulcerative tumor in the rectosigmoid colon. On 5 February 2004, anterior resection and lymphadenectomy was performed. The post-operative pathological diagnosis was rectosigmoid cancer, Type 2, T2, N0, M0, stage II. The anal fistula was a simple type and mucinous discharge was not observed. On 23 February 2004, coring out the anal fistula was performed by the former hospital. Pathological diagnosis of the excised fistula revealed well-differentiated adenocarcinoma; identical to the colon tumor. Immunohistochemical staining of these two lesions were negative for (CK) 7 but staining with CK20 revealed some stained tumor cells in two lesions. We diagnosed this tumor as metastatic adenocarcinoma from a rectosigmoid cancer. Recurrent lesions were not seen during the first year after the first operation.
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