BACKGROUND: The feminization of nature by endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) is a key environmental issue affecting both terrestrial and aquatic wildlife. A crucial and as yet unanswered question ...is whether EDCs have adverse impacts on the sustainability of wildlife populations. There is widespread concern that intersex fish are reproductively compromised, with potential population-level consequences. However, to date, only in vitro sperm quality data are available in support of this hypothesis.OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to examine whether wild endocrine-disrupted fish can compete successfully in a realistic breeding scenario.METHODS: In two competitive breeding experiments using wild roach (Rutilus rutilus), we used DNA microsatellites to assign parentage and thus determine reproductive success of the adults.RESULTS: In both studies, the majority of intersex fish were able to breed, albeit with varying degrees of success. In the first study, where most intersex fish were only mildly feminized, body length was the only factor correlated with reproductive success. In the second study, which included a higher number of more severely intersex fish, reproductive performance was negatively correlated with severity of intersex. The intersex condition reduced reproductive performance by up to 76% for the most feminized individuals in this study, demonstrating a significant adverse effect of intersex on reproductive performance.CONCLUSION: Feminization of male fish is likely to be an important determinant of reproductive performance in rivers where there is a high prevalence of moderately to severely feminized males.
EHP is a publication of the U.S. government. Publication of EHP lies in the public domain and is therefore without copyright.Research articles from EHP may be used freely; however, articles from the News section of EHP may contain photographs or figures copyrighted by other commercial organizations and individuals that may not be used without obtaining prior approval from both the EHP editors and the holder of the copyright.Use of any materials published in EHP should be acknowledged (for example, "Reproduced with permission from Environmental Health Perspectives") and a reference provided for the article from which the material was reproduced.
Funding for this work was derived through the Endocrine Disruption in Catchments project, which was supported by the U.K. Department for Environment Food and Rural Affairs and the U.K. Environment Agency.
A liquid chromatographic method for determination of bendiocarb in technical materials and wettable powders was tested by 12 collaborators. Bendiocarb is dissolved in acetonitrile containing 0.1% ...propiophenone as internal standard. This solution is analyzed on a liquid chromatograph utilizing a reverse phase (C18) column. The compound is detected at 254 nm and peak area is used for quantitation. The 3 different materials studied contained 20, 80, and nominally 100% bendiocarb. Each was examined in duplicate to provide the necessary matched pairs. Collaborators approved of the ease and simplicity of the method and, in particular, the way the method can be applied to automatic injection assemblies. The statistical data show acceptable precision of the method: Reproducibility coefficients of variation were 20% material, 2.04%; 80% material, 1.02%; and nominal 100% material (technical product), 0.64%. The method has been adopted official first action.
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Book Reviews Feldman, Louis H.; Ross, Andrew C.; Contreni, John J. ...
The International History Review,
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Peer reviewed
MOSHE ABERBACH and DAVID ABERBACH. The Roman-Jewish Wars and Hebrew Cultural Nationalism. New York: Palgrave, 2000. Pp. xix, 170. $65.00 (us). Reviewed by Louis H. Feldman.
MOSHE ABERBACH and DAVID ...ABERBACH. The Roman-Jewish Wars and Hebrew Cultural Nationalism. New York: Palgrave, 2000. Pp. xix, 170. $65.00 (us). Reviewed by Louis H. Feldman.
BENGT SUNDKLER and CHRISTOPHER STEED. A History of the Church in Africa. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2000. Pp. xix, 1,232. $140.00 (us). Reviewed by Andrew C. Ross.
TIMOTHY REUTER, ed. The New Cambridge Medieval History: III: c. 900-c. 1024. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1999. Pp. xxv, 863. $110.00 (us). Reviewed by John J. Contreni.
JOSEPH P. HUFFMAN. The Social Politics of Medieval Diplomacy: Anglo-German Relations (1066-1307). Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 2000. Pp. x, 361. $59.50 (us). Reviewed by Benjamin Arnold.
ROBERT CHAZAN. God, Humanity, and History: The Hebrew First Crusade Narratives. Berkeley: University of California Press, 2000. Pp. xi, 270. $40.00 (us). Reviewed by Jonathan Riley-Smith.
BERNARD HAMILTON. The Leper King and His Heirs: Baldwin IV and the Crusader Kingdom of Jerusalem. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2000. Pp. xxv, 288. $59.95 (us). Reviewed by Peter Edbury.
LAURIE SHEPARD. Courting Power: Persuasion and Politics in the Early Thirteenth Century. New York and London: Garland Publishing, 1999. Pp. xxii, 240. $55.00 (us). Reviewed by Kenneth Pennington.
PETER RUSSELL. Prince Henry 'the Navigator': A Life. New Haven and London: Yale University Press, 2000. Pp. xvi, 448. $35.00 (us). Reviewed by Francis A. Dutra.
CHRISTINE SHAW. The Politics of Exile in Renaissance Italy. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2000. Pp. x, 257. $64.95 (us). Reviewed by Julius Kirshner.
DANIELA FRIGO, ed. Politics and Diplomacy in Early Modern Italy: The Structure of Diplomatic Practice, 1450-1800, trans. Adrian Belton. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2000. Pp. v, 262. $59.95 (us). Reviewed by Antonio Santosuosso.
LEE A. CRAIG and DOUGLAS FISHER. The European Macroeconomy: Growth, Integration, and Cycles, 1500-1913. Cheltenham and Northampton, Mass.: Edward Elgar, 2000. Pp. xii, 389. $120.00 (us). Reviewed by Karl Gunnar Persson.
IDA ALTMAN. Transatlantic Ties in the Spanish Empire: Brihuega, Spain, and Puebla, Mexico, 1560-1620. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 2000. Pp. viii, 254. $45.00 (us). Reviewed by John E. Kicza.
IAN NISH and YOICHI KIBATA, eds., with assistance from TADASHI KURAMATSU. The History of Anglo-Japanese Relations: I: The Political-Diplomatic Dimension, 1600-1930. New York: Palgrave, 2000. Pp. xiii, 282. $69.95 (us). Reviewed by Roger Buckley.
KAREN ORDAHL KUPPERMAN. Indians and English: Facing Off in Early America. Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 2000. Pp. xi, 297. $17.95 (us), paper. Reviewed by Timothy J. Shannon.
DAVID ELTIS. The Rise of African Slavery in the Americas. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2000. Pp. xvii, 353. $59.95 (us), cloth; $19.95 (us), paper. Reviewed by Kenneth Morgan.
PHILIP D. CURTIN. The World and the West: The European Challenge and the Overseas Response in the Age of Empire. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2000. Pp. xiv, 294. $27.95 (us). Reviewed by J. A. De Moor.
WILLIAM R. NESTER. The Great Frontier War: Britain, France, and the Imperial Struggle for North America, 1607-1775. Westport: Praeger, 2000. Pp. xiii, 326. $69.50 (us); WILLIAM R. NESTER. The First Global War: Britain, France, and the Fate of North America, 1756-1775. Westport: Praeger, 2000. Pp. ix, 308. $69.95 (us). Reviewed by John Grenier.
GLENN J. AMES. Renascent Empire? The House of Braganza and the Quest for Stability in Portuguese Monsoon Asia, c. 1640-1683. Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press, 2000; dist. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press. Pp. 262. $34.50 (us). Reviewed by M. N. Pearson.
PETER T. BRADLEY and DAVID CAHILL. HabsburgPeru: Images, Imagination, and Memory. Liverpool: Liverpool University Press, 2000; dist. Portland: ISBS. Pp. xii, 167. $19.95 (us), paper. Reviewed by Kenneth J. Andrien.
KLAUS J. BADE. Europa in Bewegung: Migration vom späten 18. Jahrhundert bis zur Gegenwart. Munich: C. H. Beck, 2000. Pp. 510. DM 58.90. Reviewed by Pieter Emmer.
D. DENNIS HUDSON. Protestant Origins in India: Tamil Evangelical Christians, 1706-1835. Grand Rapids and Richmond, UK: William B. Eerdman's and Curzon Press, 2000. Pp. xi, 220. $45.00 (us). Reviewed by Penelope Carson.
ROBIN EAGLES. Francophilia in English Society, 1748-1815. New York: Palgrave, 2000. Pp. x, 229. $69.95 (us). Reviewed by J. C. D. Clark.
NIKOLAS K. GVOSDEV. Imperial Policies and Perspectives towards Georgia, 1760-1819. New York: Palgrave, 2000. Pp. xxi, 197. $65.00 (us). Reviewed by Anthony Rhinelander.
H. W. BRANDS. The First American: The Life and Times of Benjamin Franklin. New York: Doubleday, 2000; dist. Toronto: Random House. Pp. vi, 759. $35.00 (us). Reviewed by Lawrence S. Kaplan.
ELIGA H. GOULD. The Persistence of Empire: British Political Culture in the Age of the American Revolution. Chapel Hill and London: University of North Carolina Press, 2000; dist. Toronto: Scholarly Book Services. Pp. xxiv, 262. $49.95 (CDN). Reviewed by K. David Milobar.
STUART ANDREWS. The British Periodical Press and the French Revolution, 1789-99. New York: Palgrave, 2000. Pp. xi, 280. $65.00 (us). Reviewed by Hannah Barker.
ANNE-MAREE WHITAKER. Joseph Foveaux: Power and Patronage in Early New South Wales. Sydney: University of New Soudi Wales Press, 2000; dist. Portland: ISBS. Pp. viii, 257. $29.95 (us), paper. Reviewed by John Gascoigne.
STEVEN E. MAFFEO. Most Secret and Confidential: Intelligence in the Age of Nelson. Annapolis: Naval Institute Press, 2000. Pp. xxvii, 355. $32.95 (us). Reviewed by Paul Webb.
STEPHEN HOWE. Ireland and Empire: Colonial Legacies in Irish History and Culture. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press, 2000. Pp. 334. £25.00. Reviewed by Deirdre Mcmahon.
ELIZABETH SIBERRY. The New Crusaders: Images of the Crusades in the Nineteenth and Early Twentieth Centuries. Aldershot and Brookfield: Ashgate, 2000. Pp. xii, 228. $79.95 (us). Reviewed by Malcolm C. Barber.
DAVID R. MEYER. Hong Kong as a Global Metropolis. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2000. Pp. xiii, 272. $64.95 (us). Reviewed by Catherine R. Schenk.
CLARE ANDERSON. Convicts in the Indian Ocean: Transportation from South Asia to Mauritius, 1815-53. New York: Palgrave, 2000. Pp. xii, 192. $65.00 (us). Reviewed by Anthony J. Barker.
PATRICIA LEE SYKES. Presidents and Prime Ministers: Conviction Politics in the Anglo-American Tradition. Lawrence: University Press of Kansas, 2000. Pp. xiii, 399. $45.00 (us). Reviewed by Kendrick A. Clements.
OLIVER MARSHALL, ed. English-Speaking Communities in Latin America. New York: Palgrave, 2000. Pp. xxviii, 387. $79.95 (us). Reviewed by Ralph Lee Woodward Jr..
CHERYL MCEWAN. Gender, Geography, and Empire: Victorian Women Travellers in West Africa. Aldershot and Brookfield: Ashgate, 2000. Pp. ix, 250. $74.95 (us). Reviewed by Helen Callaway.
OWEN WHITE. Children of the French Empire: Miscegenation and Colonial Society in French West Africa, i895-1960. New York: Clarendon Press, Oxford University Press, 1999. Pp. 200. $116.00 (CDN). Reviewed by Gregory Mann.
JULIANNA PUSKÁS. Ties that Bind, Ties that Divide: 100 Years of Hungarian Experience in the United States, trans. Zora Ludwig. New York and London: Holmes & Meier, 2000. Pp. xix, 444. $45.00 (us). Reviewed by Peter Kivisto.
J. R. MCNEILL. Something New under the Sun: An Environmental History of the Twentieth-Century World. New York: W. W. Norton & Company, 2000. Pp. xxvi, 421. $29.95 (us). Reviewed by Vaclav Smil.
LUCIAN M. ASHWORTH. Creating International Studies: Angell, Mitrany, and the Liberal Tradition. Aldershot and Brookfield: Ashgate, 1999. Pp. vii, 200. $65.95 (us). Reviewed by Charles C. Pentland.
MARK CORNWALL. The Undermining of Austria-Hungary: The Battle for Hearts and Minds. New York: Palgrave, 2000. Pp. xvi, 485. $50.00 (us). Reviewed by.
ROGER CHICKERING and STIG FÖRSTER, eds. Great War, Total War: Combat and Mobilization on the Western Front, 1914-1918. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2000. Pp. xii, 531. $54.95 (us). Reviewed by Ian F. W. Beckett.
VEJAS GABRIEL LIULEVICIUS. War Land on the Eastern Front: Culture, National Identity, and German Occupation in World War I. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2000. Pp. viii, 309. $59.95 (us). Reviewed by Modris Eksteins.
CHRISTOPHER M. BELL. The Royal Navy, Seapower, and Strategy between the Wars. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 2000. Pp. xx, 232. $51.00 (us). Reviewed by C. I. Hamilton.
JOHN SMITH, ed. Administering Empire: The British Colonial Service in Retrospect. London: University of London Press, 1999. Pp. xiv, 350. £22.50. Reviewed by John W. Cell.
DAVID R. STONE. Hammer and Rifle: The Militarization of the Soviet Union, 1926-1933. Lawrence: University Press of Kansas, 2000. Pp. vii, 287. $39.95 (us). Reviewed by R. W. Davies.
JULIAN BULLARD and MARGARET BULLARD, eds. Inside Stalin's Russia: The Diaries of Reader Bullard, 1930-1934. Charlbury, Oxfordshire: Day Books, 2000. Pp. x, 310. £19.50. Reviewed by Michael Jabara Carley.
ROBERT W. THURSTON and BERND BONWETSCH, eds. The People's War: Responses to World War II in the Soviet Union. Urbana and Chicago: University of Illinois Press, 2000; dist: Toronto: Scholarly Book Services. Pp. x, 275. $65.95 (CDN). Reviewed by Paul Dukes.
EYAL ZISSER. Lebanon: The Challenge of Independence. London and New York: I. B. Tauris, 2000; dist. New York: Palgrave. Pp. xiii, 297. $59.50 (us). Reviewed by Farid El Khazen.
GEORG KREIS, ed. Switzerland and the Second World War. London and Portland: Frank Cass, 2000. Pp. xvii, 378. $45.00 (us). Reviewed by Jean-Christian Lambelet.
GÜNTER BISCHOF. Austria in the First Cold War, 1945-55: The Leverage of the Weak. New York: Palgrave, 1999. Pp. xvii, 237. $72.00 (us). Reviewed by Norman
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