This paper firstly explores the power mechanism of agricultural insurance to help rural revitalization from three aspects of agriculture, farmers and rural three farmers, respectively, and constructs ...the rural revitalization development index system by combining the entropy power method. Then, the three-stage DEA model and the three-stage Malmquist index model are used to measure the efficiency of agricultural insurance boosting rural revitalization by combining the selected agricultural insurance boosting indicators. Finally, taking province A as an example, after descriptive statistical analysis, the method of this paper is combined with empirical analysis, and the practical path of agricultural insurance to help farmers is proposed from the three aspects of the insurance system, publicity as well and supply. The results show that after the optimization of agricultural insurance, the value of technical efficiency is distributed in 0.600, 0.738, the value of pure technical efficiency is distributed in 0.716, 0.826, and the value of scale efficiency is distributed in 0.738, 0.833 from 2010 to 2019. The mean value of the agricultural technical efficiency index in each city is 1.091, the mean value of the progress index is 1.033, and the mean value of total factor productivity is 1.029, which is an upward trending technology, and all of them have a growth rate of more than 5%. Based on this study, agricultural insurance can help improve the efficiency of rural revitalization.
•A novel approach is applied to measure the land-use efficiency of resource-based cities.•Applied the ternary phase diagram to identify critical factors in the three criteria.•Significant differences ...in the land-use efficiency of resource-based cities in growth stages.
China is accelerating the transformation and development of resource-based cities. Urban land-use efficiency is crucial for assessing land output capacity and regional development quality. Measuring the land-use efficiency of resource-based cities and determining its main factors help improve land-use efficiency and promote the transformation of resource-based cities. However, previous urban land-use efficiency studies of multi-source data and its driving factors have been insufficient. Therefore, according to this study's inherent characteristics of urban land use efficiency, a feasible analysis framework is built using multi-source remote sensing data. Three indicators are proposed: urban construction land intensity, urban nighttime light intensity, and urban point of interest (POI) density. We developed the urban land-use efficiency index (ULEI) to explore the spatial pattern of urban land-use efficiency in resource-based cities. We applied the ternary phase diagram to identify critical factors in the three criteria. The results show that land-use efficiency is generally low in resource-based cities at the county scale. According to the ULEI, the top and bottom resource-based cities have significant agglomeration. The southwest region has higher land-use efficiency, while the northern region has the opposite. Meanwhile, there are significant differences in the urban land-use efficiency of resource-based cities in different growth stages. Growing cities have the highest land-use efficiency, while recessionary cities have the opposite. In addition, resource-based cities with higher land-use efficiency tend to be more balanced among the three criteria. Our results show the approach's effectiveness, which provides objective and precise spatial information for urban land use at the county scale for resource-based cities, leading to more informed decision-making.
Studies have suggested that depression was accompanied by oxidative stress dysregulation, including abnormal total antioxidant capacity (TAC), antioxidants, free radicals, oxidative damage and ...autoimmune response products. This meta-analysis aims to analyse the clinical data quantitatively by comparing the oxidative stress markers between depressed patients and healthy controls.
A search was conducted to collect the studies that measured the oxidative stress markers in depressed patients. Studies were searched in Embase, Medline, PsychINFO, Science direct, CBMDisc, CNKI and VIP from 1990 to May 2015. Data were subjected to meta-analysis by using a random effects model for examining the effect sizes of the results. Bias assessments, heterogeneity assessments and sensitivity analyses were also conducted.
115 articles met the inclusion criteria. Lower TAC was noted in acute episodes (AEs) of depressed patients (p<0.05). Antioxidants, including serum paraoxonase, uric acid, albumin, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and zinc levels were lower than controls (p<0.05); the serum uric acid, albumin and vitamin C levels were increased after antidepressant therapy (p<0.05). Oxidative damage products, including red blood cell (RBC) malondialdehyde (MDA), serum MDA and 8-F2-isoprostanes levels were higher than controls (p<0.05). After antidepressant medication, RBC and serum MDA levels were decreased (p<0.05). Moreover, serum peroxide in free radicals levels were higher than controls (p<0.05). There were no differences between the depressed patients and controls for other oxidative stress markers.
This meta-analysis supports the facts that the serum TAC, paraoxonase and antioxidant levels are lower, and the serum free radical and oxidative damage product levels are higher than controls in depressed patients. Meanwhile, the antioxidant levels are increased and the oxidative damage product levels are decreased after antidepressant medication. The pathophysiological relationships between oxidative stress and depression, and the potential benefits of antioxidant supplementation deserve further research.
Money donation and time donation, as charitable donations from individuals to organizations, are two forms of prosocial behavior that have been increasingly studied in recent years. Despite the vast ...amount of research about money and/or time donation, however, only limited work has been done on reviewing the research on these two forms of charitable donations as comparable or parallel entities. In this paper, we seek to help fill this gap by reviewing the existing research. We applied the backwards and forwards snowballing technique to arrive at a review sample of 39 experimental papers published in 2000–2020 that have compared money and time donation, or at least analyzed them as two parallel entities. We examine the issues that are predominantly considered in these experimental papers and summarize the general directions of their findings. We also point out certain gaps in the existing literature and posit some potentially fruitful directions for future experimental research regarding money and time donation.
In tropical/subtropical monsoon regions, accurate rice mapping is hampered by the following factors: (1) The frequent occurrence of clouds in such areas during the rice-growing season interferes ...strongly with optical remote sensing observations; (2) The agro-landscape in such regions is fragmented and scattered. Rice maps produced using low spatial resolution data cannot well delineate the detailed distribution of rice, while pixel-based mapping using medium and high resolutions has significant salt-and-pepper noise. (3) The cropping system is complex, and rice has a rotation schedule with other crops. Therefore, the Phenology-, Object- and Double Source-based (PODS) paddy rice mapping algorithm is implemented, which consists of three steps: (1) object extraction from multi-temporal 10-m Sentinel-2 images where the extracted objects (fields) are the basic classification units; (2) specifying the phenological stage of transplanting from Savitzky–Golay filtered enhanced vegetation index (EVI) time series using the PhenoRice algorithm; and (3) the identification of rice objects based on flood signal detection from time-series microwave and optical signals of the Sentinel-1/2. This study evaluated the potential of the combined use of the Sentinel-1/2 mission on paddy rice mapping in monsoon regions with the Hangzhou-Jiaxin-Huzhou (HJH) plain in China as the case study. A cloud computing approach was used to process the available Sentinel-1/2 imagery from 2019 and MODIS images from 2018 to 2020 in the HJH plain on the Google Earth Engine (GEE) platform. An accuracy assessment showed that the resultant object-based paddy rice map has a high accuracy with a producer (user) accuracy of 0.937 (0.926). The resultant 10-m paddy rice map is expected to provide unprecedented detail, spatial distribution, and landscape patterns for paddy rice fields in monsoon regions.
The major objective of this research is to test if two types of information overload are different: Information overload from searching for the information someone needs to search, and information ...overload from following all the information someone needs to follow. These two types of information overload may be labelled information search overload and information follow overload, corresponding to the concepts of information search and information follow. Using the data of a survey from a sample of about 1600 respondents across 50 states in the United States, the research identified 2 items corresponding to information search overload and information follow overload, and ran analyses including correlation and logistic regression with the 2 items separately as the dependent variables, and with some other items about consumers’ activities involving information as independent variables. Results of the various analyses suggest that information search overload and information follow overload are different, especially in terms of how they associate with different variables of consumer activities involving information, therefore indicate as a preliminary research that we may separate the two types of information overload in our future research.
Viruses are closely related to bacteria and human diseases. It is of great significance to predict associations between viruses and hosts for understanding the dynamics and complex functional ...networks in microbial community. With the rapid development of the metagenomics sequencing, some methods based on sequence similarity and genomic homology have been used to predict associations between viruses and hosts. However, the known virus-host association network was ignored in these methods.
We proposed a kernelized logistic matrix factorization with integrating different information to predict potential virus-host associations on the heterogeneous network (ILMF-VH) which is constructed by connecting a virus network with a host network based on known virus-host associations. The virus network is constructed based on oligonucleotide frequency measurement, and the host network is constructed by integrating oligonucleotide frequency similarity and Gaussian interaction profile kernel similarity through similarity network fusion. The host prediction accuracy of our method is better than other methods. In addition, case studies show that the host of crAssphage predicted by ILMF-VH is consistent with presumed host in previous studies, and another potential host Escherichia coli is also predicted.
The proposed model is an effective computational tool for predicting interactions between viruses and hosts effectively, and it has great potential for discovering novel hosts of viruses.
Patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) were often observed with gastrointestinal symptoms, which preceded the onset of motor symptoms. Neuropathology of PD has also been found in the enteric nervous ...system (ENS). Many studies have reported significant PD-related alterations of gut microbiota. This meta-analysis was performed to evaluate the differences of gut microbiota between patients with PD and healthy controls (HCs) across different geographical regions. We conducted a systematic online search for case-control studies detecting gut microbiota in patients with PD and HCs. Mean difference (MD) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated to access alterations in the abundance of certain microbiota families in PD. Fifteen case-control studies were included in this meta-analysis study. Our results showed significant lower abundance levels of
(MD = -0.37, 95% CI = -0.62 to -0.11),
(MD = -0.41, 95% CI: -0.57 to -0.24), and
(MD = -0.34, 95% CI = -0.59 to -0.09) in patients with PD compared to HCs. Significant higher abundance level of
(MD = 0.38, 95%; CI = 0.12 to 0.63),
(MD = 0.58, 95% CI = 0.07 to 1.10),
(MD = 0.45, 95% CI = 0.21 to 0.69), and
(MD = 0.20, 95% CI = 0.07 to 0.34) was also found in patients with PD. Thus, shared alterations of certain gut microbiota were detected in patients with PD across different geographical regions. These PD-related gut microbiota dysbiosis might lead to the impairment of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) producing process, lipid metabolism, immunoregulatory function, and intestinal permeability, which contribute to the pathogenesis of PD.
•An index for exposed coal mapping is developed.•The index achieves high accuracies in 6 study areas worldwide.•0 can be used as the default threshold of the index.
Remotely sensing the spatial ...distribution of exposed coal (EC) is significant for exploring the footprints of mining activities and understanding environmental impacts. However, widely applicable methods for the identification of EC surfaces remain inadequate because the choices of recent methods confront the diverse EC spectra and backgrounds. Therefore, this study proposed a new Automated Coal Mapping Index (ACMI) which was empirically formulated by an iterative process of identifying parameters that maximize the separability of EC and non-EC surfaces. The performance of ACMI was tested in six study areas worldwide with different landscape types and coal types. Based on the qualitative evaluation, ACMI was more effective in highlighting EC surfaces and suppressing non-EC surfaces than the existing methods. Compared with the sample points obtained through direct interpretation, ACMI obtained better EC mapping results than previous methods with the F1 score and overall accuracy (OA) no less than 0.89 and 92.27 % across all the selected study areas, respectively. In addition, ACMI was demonstrated to have a stable optimal threshold and 0 can serve as its default threshold. The default threshold makes EC mapping using ACMI an automated process. The new index has the potential to support a variety of mining-activity-related studies, such as the identification of mining disturbances and illegal mining detection at multi-spatial–temporal scales.
The development and utilization of mining resources are basic requirements for social and economic development. Both open-pit mining and underground mining have impacts on land, ecology, and the ...environment. Of these, open-pit mining is considered to have the greatest impact due to the drastic changes wrought on the original landform and the disturbance to vegetation. As awareness of environmental protection has grown, land reclamation has been included in the mining process. In this study, we used the Shengli Coalfield in the eastern steppe region of Inner Mongolia to demonstrate a mining and reclamation monitoring process. We combined the Google Earth Engine platform with time series Landsat images and the LandTrendr algorithm to identify and monitor mining disturbances to grassland and land reclamation in open-pit mining areas of the coalfield between 2003 and 2019. Pixel-based trajectories were used to reconstruct the temporal evolution of vegetation, and sequential Landsat archive data were used to achieve accurate measures of disturbances to vegetation. The results show that: (1) the proposed method can be used to determine the years in which vegetation disturbance and recovery occurred with accuracies of 86.53% and 78.57%, respectively; (2) mining in the Shengli mining area resulted in the conversion of 89.98 km2 of land from grassland, water, etc., to barren earth, and only 23.54 km2 was reclaimed, for a reclamation rate of 26.16%; and (3) the method proposed in this paper can achieve fast, efficient identification of surface mining land disturbances and reclamation, and has the potential to be applied to other similar areas.
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