The automatic synthesis of realistic gestures has the ability to change the fields of animation, avatars, and communication agents. Although speech-driven synthetic gesture generation methods have ...been proposed and optimized, the evaluation system of synthetic gestures is still lacking. The current evaluation method still needs manual participation, but it is inefficient in the industry of synthetic gestures and has the interference of human factors. So we need a model that can construct an automatic and objective quantitative quality assessment of the synthesized gesture video. We noticed that recurrent neural networks (RNN) have advantages in modeling advanced spatiotemporal feature sequences, which are very suitable for use in the processing of synthetic gesture video data. Therefore, to build an automatic quality assessment system, we propose in our work a model based on Bi-LSTM and make a little adjustment on the attention mechanism in it. Also, the evaluation method is proposed and experiments are designed to prove that the improved model of the algorithm can complete the quantitative evaluation of synthetic gestures. At the same time, in terms of performance, the model has an improvement of about 20% compared to before the algorithm adjustment.
Short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) are a class of organic fatty acids that consist of 1 to 6 carbons in length. They are primary end-products which arise from non-digestible carbohydrates (NDC) ...fermentation of colonic bacteria. They are the fundamental energy sources for post-weaning ruminants. SCFA represent the major carbon flux of diet through the gut microbiota to the host. They also play a vital role in regulating cell expansion and gene expression of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT). Recently, remarkable progresses have been made in understanding the immunomodulatory effects of SCFA and their interactions with the host. The processes involved in this study encompassed inflammasome activation, proliferation of lymphocytes, and maturation of intestinal mucosal immunity maturation. It is important to note that the establishment and maturation of intestinal mucosal immune system are intricately connected to the barrier function of intestinal epithelial cells (IEC) and the homeostasis of gut microbiota. Thus, insights into the role of SCFA in enteric mucosal immunoreaction of calves will enhance our understanding of their various regulatory functions. This review aims to analyze recent evidence on the role of SCFA as essential signaling molecules between gut microbiota and animal health. Additionally, we provide a summary of current literature on SCFA in intestinal mucosal immune responses of dairy calves.
Reducing the capacitance of submodules (SM) and handling short-circuit faults in HVdc systems are crucial for economical and reliable operation of modular multilevel converters (MMC). This paper ...proposes an SM capacitance reduction method for full-bridge submodule (FBSM)-MMC, which combines circulating current injection and ac voltage boosting. An optimized circulating current control method considering the limitation of fixed semiconductor current rating is introduced. By adding second-harmonic voltage to the reference arm voltage, the capacitor voltage ripple can be controlled to be a targeted value under all operating conditions. To further decrease the SM capacitor voltage ripples, the negative voltage state of FBSM is fully utilized to boost the ac voltage under fixed dc voltage with the modulation index up to 1.414. Consequently, the capacitance requirement for ac voltage boosting FBSM-MMC can be significantly reduced as compared to the conventional FBSM-MMC. Experimental results confirm the feasibility and validity of the proposed SM capacitance reduction method.
Ice propagation is of great importance to the accumulation of ice/frost on solid surfaces. However, no investigation has been reported on the tuning of ice propagation through a simple coating ...process. Herein, we study the ice propagation behavior on polyelectrolyte multilayer (PEM) surfaces coated with the layer‐by‐layer (LBL) deposition approach. We discover that ice propagation is strongly dependent on the amount of water in the outermost layer of PEMs, that is, the ice propagation rate increases with the amount of water in the outermost layer. The ice propagation rate can be tuned by up to three orders of magnitude by changing the polyelectrolyte pairs, counterions of the outermost polymer layer, or the salt concentration during the preparation of PEMs. Because the simple, versatile, and inexpensive LBL deposition approach is generally applicable to almost all available surfaces, the PEM coatings can tune ice propagation on a wide range of substrates.
De‐icing polymers: Owing to great differences in the capability of polyelectrolyte multilayer (PEM) coatings for trapping water molecules in the outermost layer, the ice propagation time on the PEM coatings can be tuned by up to three orders of magnitude on almost all types of surfaces.
A generic small-signal model of modular multilevel converter (MMC) based DC grid is established and a DC virtual impedance damping control to suppress the resonance and instability is proposed. The ...averaged-value model (AVM) of MMC is employed to derive the Thévenin equivalent model of the converter from its DC side using the power-balancing principle considering the dynamics of phase-locked loop (PLL) of the interconnected ac system. The single section π-typed line model is selected to develop the nodal admittance equations of the DC network in s domain. The stability criterion of the DC grid is given after establishing the generic linearization model. The key factors affecting the DC grid's stability are identified using the root locus method and participation factors analysis. The parameters and the performances of the damping controller are designed and studied. Electromagnetic transient simulation model and RT-LAB real-time simulation are used to validate that the proposed damping control can suppress the instability of the DC grid and improve its operating performance.
•The depositional age of the Ahebulake Group is not older than ∼399 Ma instead of previously considered Silurian.•The formation age of the Wulasitai-Wulanmoren Ductile Shear Zone is constrained at ...∼312–299 Ma.•The Central Tianshan has in-situ Mesoproterozoic to Neoproterozoic basement rocks.•The Central Tianshan had close tectonic affinities with the Yili and Tarim blocks in Neoproterozoic.
The Central Tianshan Block is one of the major continental constituents of the Central Asian Orogenic Belt (CAOB) and contains vital information for understanding the amalgamation of the Eurasia continent. Its tectonic affinity remains controversial hindering a better reconstruction of the paleogeographic evolution of the Paleo-Asian Ocean and geodynamic processes of the CAOB. In order to put more constraints on the Precambrian basement composition and crustal evolution of the Central Tianshan Block, we conducted field structural investigations and zircon U-Pb dating on the meta-sedimentary and meta-igneous rocks along the Wulasitai – Wulanmoren ductile shear zone (WWSZ), northern Baluntai area (NW China). The WWSZ is geometrically a SE-NW-striking high-strain deformation zone of ∼1–5 km wide. It is lithologically composed of greenschists, paragneiss, amphibolitic metabasalts, migmatitic granites and mylonitic granites. The greenschist to amphibolite facies meta-sandstones and meta-volcanic rocks belong to the Ahebulake Group, in which NE- or SW-dipping steep mylonitic foliations and sub-horizontal lineations are well developed. Laser Ablation Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) U-Pb dating of detrital zircons from four representative meta-sedimentary rocks from the Ahebulake Group yielded several major age groups of 3130–2530 Ma, 2450–2150 Ma, 2000–1700 Ma, 1620–1433 Ma, 1170–655 Ma, ∼450 Ma, ∼425 Ma, ∼400 Ma, ∼360 Ma and ∼312 Ma. Three ductilely deformed and metamorphosed granitic samples show four major zircon U-Pb age peaks at ∼430 Ma, ∼400–390 Ma, ∼360 Ma and ∼330 Ma. On the basis of a careful analysis of the texture of the dated zircons and the structural features of their host rocks, and combined with the available isotopic ages and regional geological data, we propose that: (1) meta-sedimentary rocks from the Ahebulake Group were likely deposited later than about 400 Ma instead of in the Silurian, as previously assumed; (2) the distinct Neoproterozoic detrital zircon age population in these meta-sediments probably reflects the widespread occurrence of coeval in-situ basement rocks as source; (3) the Central Tianshan Block may have close tectonic affinities with both the Yili Block and the Tarim Craton during the Proterozoic; and (4) the ductile shearing along the WWSZ is likely later than ∼330 Ma, probably initiated at ∼312–299 Ma. Our new results provide further arguments for the paleogeographic linkage of the microcontinents within the Paleo-Asian Ocean and tectonic reconstruction of the southwestern CAOB.
A dc-dc converter is essential for interconnecting HVdc networks of different voltage levels. This letter introduces a new family of dc-dc converters consisting of semiconductor switches and stack of ...submodules, which is named as hybrid-cascaded dc-dc converter (HCDC). This concept shows very attractive capital costs and low power losses. In this letter, the detailed operating principle of the HCDC is analyzed. Simulation results are obtained from PSCAD/EMTDC to verify the feasibility of the converters. The performances of the converters are evaluated in detail.
Preventing condensation frosting is crucial for air conditioning units, refrigeration systems, and other cryogenic equipment. Coalescence-induced self-propelled jumping of condensed microdroplets on ...superhydrophobic surfaces serves as a favorable strategy against condensation frosting. In previous reports, efforts were dedicated to enhance the efficiency of self-propelled jumping by constructing appropriate surface structures on superhydrophobic surfaces. However, the incorporation of surface structures results in larger area available for condensation to occur, leading to an increase in total amount of condensed water on the surface and partially counteracts the effect of promoted jumping on removing condensed water from the surface. In this paper, we focus on the competing effects between condensing and self-propelled jumping on promoting and preventing water accumulation, respectively. A series of micro- and nanostructured superhydrophobic surfaces are designed and prepared. The condensation process and self-propelled jumping behavior of microdroplets on the surfaces are investigated. Thousands of jumping events are statistically analyzed to acquire a comprehensive understanding of antifrosting potential of superhydrophobic surfaces with self-propelled jumping of condensed microdroplets. Further frosting experiments shows that the surface with the lowest amount of accumulated water exhibits the best antifrosting performance, which validates our design strategy. This work offers new insights into the rational design and fabrication of antifrosting materials.
Icing of wind turbine blades will seriously hinder the development of the wind power industry, and the use of biomass resources to solve the icing problem is conducive to promoting the synergistic ...development of biomass and wind energy. In this study, ice-phobic coatings with photothermal and anti-corrosion properties were prepared by surface modification pyrolysis and hydrothermal reaction with rice straw biogas residue as raw material. The erosion of KOH and the surface modification of MoS
2
produced a rough structure of the material, and the high-temperature pyrolysis and hydrothermal reaction promoted the dehydrogenation and decarboxylation reactions, which reduced the number of oxygen-containing functional groups and decreased the surface energy of the material. The ice-phobic coating has superhydrophobic properties with a contact angle of 158.32°. Due to the small surface area in contact with water, the coating was able to significantly reduce the icing adhesion strength to 53.23 kPa. The icing wind tunnel test results showed that the icing area and mass were reduced by 10.54% and 30.08%, respectively, when the wind speed was 10 m s
−1
and the temperature was − 10 °C. Photothermal performance tests showed that the MoS
2
-loaded material had light absorption properties, and the coating could rapidly warm up to 58.3 ℃ under xenon lamp irradiation with photothermal cycle stability. The loading of MoS
2
acts as a physical barrier, reducing the contact of corrosive media with the substrate, thus improving the anti-corrosion of the coating. This study has practical application value and significance for the development of the anti-icing field under complex environmental conditions.
Graphical Abstract
Highlights
1. A biochar-based ice-phobic coating was prepared from rice straw biogas residue.
2. Low O/C ratio promoted superhydrophobicity and low ice adhesion of the coating.
3. The icing wind tunnel test proved the coating has good anti-icing performance.
4. The MoS
2
loading endowed the material with photothermal and anti-corrosion effects.
