Previous studies have shown that various dietary components may be implicated in the aetiology of pancreatic cancer. However, the possible relationship between diet-related inflammation and the risk ...of pancreatic cancer has not yet been investigated. We examined the ability of a newly developed literature-derived dietary inflammatory index (DII) to predict the risk of pancreatic cancer in a case-control study conducted in Italy between 1991 and 2008. This included 326 incident cases and 652 controls admitted to the major teaching and general hospitals for non-neoplastic diseases, frequency-matched to cases by study centre, sex and age. The DII was computed based on dietary intake assessed using a validated and reproducible seventy-eight-item FFQ. Logistic regression models were used to estimate multivariable OR adjusted for age, sex, study centre, education, BMI, smoking status, alcohol drinking and history of diabetes. Energy adjustment was performed using the residual method. Subjects with higher DII scores (i.e., representing a more pro-inflammatory diet) had a higher risk of pancreatic cancer, with the DII being used as both a continuous variable (ORcontinuous 1.24, 95% CI 1.11, 1.38) and a categorical variable (i.e., compared with the subjects in the lowest quintile of the DII, those in the second, third, fourth and fifth quintiles had, respectively, OR(quintile2 v. 1) 1.70, 95% CI 1.02, 2.80; OR(quintile3 v. 1) 1.91, 95% CI 1.16, 3.16; OR(quintile4 v. 1) 1.98, 95% CI 1.20, 3.27; OR(quintile5 v. 1) 2.48, 95% CI 1.50, 4.10; P trend= 0.0015). These data suggest that a pro-inflammatory diet increases the risk of pancreatic cancer.
Diet-related inflammation is associated with adiposity. Obesity and inflammation in early life may have adverse health outcomes in later life; however, the socio-ecological predictors of a ...pro-inflammatory diet in childhood and adolescence are not well understood. This rapid scoping review aims to summarise the current state of research from observational studies investigating socio-ecological predictors (childhood, parental, familial, demographic and chronobiological risk factors) and their association with diet-associated inflammation and adiposity in children and adolescents.
This scoping review will be conducted using the frameworks based on the Joanna Briggs Institute and Arksey and O'Malley and the Population, Concept and Context (PCC) mnemonic. Searches were conducted in OVID Medline, Cinahl and Embase, with adaptations as required. The piloted study selection process will utilise two reviewers for study selection, with reference lists checked for included studies. A third reviewer will moderate disagreements. Data will be extracted by one reviewer and calibrated by a second reviewer.
The results will be reported using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) checklist and PRISMA-ScR flow diagram. The main findings will be synthesised into themes and concepts narratively. Tables and graphs will present frequencies, study details and categorical descriptions.
This scoping review will provide an overview of the research conducted to date regarding predictors of diet-related inflammation in childhood and their associations with adiposity. Better understanding of the factors associated with a more inflammatory diet in childhood may be useful for clinicians and policy makers when designing and implementing health interventions.
Colorectal cancer, the third most common cancer in the United States, has a natural history that usually encompasses several decades. Dietary components have been implicated in the etiology of ...colorectal cancer, perhaps through their effect on inflammation.
We examined the ability of the dietary inflammatory index (DII) to predict colorectal cancer in the Iowa Women's Health Study. The DII was computed based on dietary intake assessed by a 121-item food frequency questionnaire in this cohort of 34,703 women, ages 55 to 69 years, free of any self-reported prior malignancy at enrollment in 1986. Incident colorectal cancer cases were identified through linkage with the State Health Registry of Iowa (a Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results program member). Cox proportional hazards regression was used to estimate HRs. Through the end of 2010, 1,636 incident colorectal cancers were identified, including 1,329 colon and 325 rectal cancers.
Multivariable analysis, adjusting for body mass index, smoking status, pack-years of smoking, hormone replacement therapy, education, diabetes, and total energy intake, revealed positive associations between higher DII and colorectal cancer risk HR for DIIcontinuous: 1.07 per unit increase in DII (corresponding to 0.5 SD unit increase); 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.01-1.13; HR for DIIquintiles: Q5 vs. Q1 = 1.20; 95% CI, 1.01-1.43. HRs for DII were similar for colon cancer and rectal cancer, though not statistically significant for rectal cancer.
These results indicate that a proinflammatory diet, as indicated by higher DII scores, was associated with higher risk of developing colorectal cancer.
Proinflammatory diets are associated with increased risk of colorectal cancer.
Abstract Objective Systemic inflammation may play an important role in the development of atherosclerosis, type 2 diabetes, and some cancers. Few studies have comprehensively assessed the direct ...relations between dietary fiber and inflammatory cytokines, especially in minority populations. Using baseline data from 1958 postmenopausal women enrolled in the Women's Health Initiative Observational Study, we examined cross-sectional associations between dietary fiber intake and markers of systemic inflammation (including serum high-sensitivity C-reactive protein hs-CRP, interleukin-6 IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor-α receptor-2 TNF-α-R2) in addition to differences in these associations by ethnicity. Methods Multiple linear regression models were used to assess the relation between fiber intake and makers of systemic inflammation. Results After adjustment for covariates, intakes of dietary fiber were inversely associated with IL-6 ( P values for trend were 0.01 for total fiber, 0.004 for soluble fiber, and 0.001 for insoluble fiber) and TNF-α-R2 ( P values for trend were 0.002 for total, 0.02 for soluble, and <0.001 for insoluble fibers). Although the samples were small in minority Americans, results were generally consistent with those found among European Americans. We did not observe any significant association between intake of dietary fiber and hs-CRP. Conclusion These findings lend support to the hypothesis that a high-fiber diet is associated with lower plasma levels of IL-6 and TNF-α-R2. Contrary to previous reports, however, there was no association between fiber and hs-CRP among postmenopausal women. Future studies on the influence of diet on inflammation should include IL-6 and TNF-α-R2 and enroll participants from ethnic minorities.
A large proportion of individuals affected by sleep disorders are untreated and susceptible to accidents, injuries, long-term sequelae (e.g., risk of cardiovascular disease, cancer, psychiatric ...disorders), and increased mortality risk. Few studies have examined the scope and magnitude of sleep disorder diagnoses in the United States (US) or factors influencing them. Veterans are particularly vulnerable to factors that elicit or exacerbate sleep disorders.
This serial cross-sectional study characterized secular trends in diagnosed sleep disorders among veterans seeking care in US Veterans Health Administration facilities over an eleven-year span (FY2000-2010, n = 9,786,778). Electronic medical records from the national Veterans Administration Informatics and Computing Infrastructure database were accessed. Cases were defined using diagnostic codes specified by the American Academy of Sleep Medicine. Age-adjusted annual prevalence was summarized by sex, race, combat exposure, body mass index, and comorbid diagnoses (cardiovascular disease, cancer, mental disorders).
Sleep apnea (47%) and insomnia (26%) were the most common diagnoses among patients with any sleep disorder. There was a six-fold relative increase in total sleep disorder prevalence over the study period. Posttraumatic stress disorder, which tripled over the same time period, was associated with the highest prevalence of sleep disorders (16%) among the comorbid conditions evaluated.
The results indicate a growing need for integration of sleep disorder management with patient care and health care planning among US veterans.
A commentary on this article appears in this issue on page 1331.
The objective of this study was to examine the association between dietary inflammatory potential and memory and cognitive functioning among a representative sample of the US older adult population. ...Cross-sectional data from the 2011-2012 and 2013-2014 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey were utilised to identify an aggregate sample of adults 60-85 years of age (n 1723). Dietary inflammatory index (DII®) scores were calculated using 24-h dietary recall interviews. Three memory-related assessments were employed, including the Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer's disease (CERAD) Word Learning subset, the Animal Fluency test and the Digit Symbol Substitution Test (DSST). Inverse associations were observed between DII scores and the different memory parameters. Episodic memory (CERAD) (b adjusted=-0·39; 95 % CI -0·79, 0·00), semantic-based memory (Animal Fluency Test) (b adjusted=-1·18; 95 % CI -2·17, -0·20) and executive function and working-memory (DSST) (b adjusted=-2·80; 95 % CI -5·58, -0·02) performances were lowest among those with the highest mean DII score. Though inverse relationships were observed between DII scores and memory and cognitive functioning, future work is needed to further explore the neurobiological mechanisms underlying the complex relationship between inflammation-related dietary behaviour and memory and cognition.
Purpose
Chronic diseases such as cancer and cardiovascular disease (CVD) are well-established causes of disability and premature deaths. Dietary components that are known to affect chronic ...inflammation have been implicated in the etiology and prognosis of these chronic diseases. We examined the ability of the dietary inflammatory index (DII) to predict overall, cancer and CVD mortality in the Iowa Women’s Health study.
Methods
The DII was computed from baseline dietary intake assessed in this cohort of 37,525 women, who were aged 55–69 years when enrolled starting in 1986. During the follow-up period, through December 31, 2010, in a total of 17,793 deaths, 5044 cancer- and 6528 CVD-related deaths were identified through mortality record linkage. Cox proportional hazards regression was used to estimate hazard ratios (HR) with DII expressed both as a continuous variable and as quartiles.
Results
Comparing subjects in DII Quartile 4 versus Quartile 1, modest positive associations were noted for all-cause mortality (HR
Q4vsQ1
1.07; 95 % CI 1.01–1.13;
p-
trend = 0.006), digestive cancer mortality (HR
Q4vsQ1
1.19; 95 % CI 1.00–1.43;
p-
trend = 0.05), CVD mortality (HR
Q4vsQ1
1.09; 95 % CI 1.01–1.18;
p-
trend = 0.08), non-cancer/non-CVD/non-acute mortality (HR
Q4vsQ1
1.09; 95 % CI 1.00–1.19;
p-
trend = 0.19), coronary heart disease (CHD) mortality (HR
Q4vsQ1
1.17; 95 % CI 1.05–1.30;
p-
trend = 0.001) and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) mortality (HR
Q4vsQ1
1.43; 95 % CI 1.18–1.75;
p-
trend = 0.0006). No substantial associations were observed for mortality from stroke, Alzheimer’s disease or unspecified dementia.
Conclusion
These results indicate that a pro-inflammatory diet, as evidenced by higher DII scores, may be associated with total mortality as well as mortality from digestive cancer, CVD, CHD and COPD.
Physical activity may protect against breast cancer. Few prospective studies have evaluated breast cancer mortality in relation to cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF), an objective marker of physiologic ...response to physical activity habits.
We examined the association between CRF and risk of death from breast cancer in the Aerobics Center Longitudinal Study. Women (N = 14,811), aged 20 to 83 yr with no prior breast cancer history, received a preventive medical examination at the Cooper Clinic in Dallas, Texas, between 1970 and 2001. Mortality surveillance was completed through December 31, 2003. CRF was quantified as maximal treadmill exercise test duration and was categorized for analysis as low (lowest 20% of exercise duration), moderate (middle 40%), and high (upper 40%). At baseline, all participants were able to complete the exercise test to at least 85% of their age-predicted maximal heart rate.
A total of 68 breast cancer deaths occurred during follow-up (mean = 16 yr). Age-adjusted breast cancer mortality rates per 10,000 woman-years were 4.4, 3.2, and 1.8 for low, moderate, and high CRF groups, respectively (trend P = 0.008). After further controlling for body mass index, smoking, drinking, chronic conditions, abnormal exercise ECG responses, family history of breast cancer, oral contraceptive use, and estrogen use, hazard ratios (95% CI) for breast cancer mortality across incremental CRF categories were 1.00 (referent), 0.67 (0.35-1.26), and 0.45 (0.22-0.95) (trend P = 0.04).
These results indicate that CRF is associated with a reduced risk of dying from breast cancer in women.
Objective
This study prospectively assessed the association of the inflammatory potential of a diet using the dietary inflammatory index (DII) with average yearly weight changes and incident ...overweight/obesity.
Methods
Seven thousand and twenty‐seven university graduates with body mass index <25 from the Seguimiento Universidad de Navarra (SUN) cohort were followed up during a median of 8.1 years. The DII, a validated tool based on scientific evidence to appraise the relationship between dietary parameters and inflammatory biomarkers, was used. A validated food‐frequency questionnaire was used to assess intake of total energy, food, and nutrients, from which DII scores were calculated at baseline and after 10 years of follow‐up.
Results
After a median follow‐up of 8.1 years, 1,433 incident cases of overweight or obesity were observed. Hazard ratios for overweight/obesity were calculated, including multivariable time‐dependent Cox regression models with repeated measures of diet. The hazard ratio for subjects in the highest quartile (most pro‐inflammatory diet) was 1.32 (95% confidence interval 1.08‐1.60) compared with participants in the lowest quartile (most anti‐inflammatory diet), with a significant linear dose‐response relationship (P = 0.004). Consistently, increases in average yearly weight gains were significantly associated with proinflammatory diets.
Conclusions
A proinflammatory diet was significantly associated with a higher annual weight gain and higher risk of developing new‐onset overweight or obesity.
•Higher dietary inflammatory index (DII) scores were positively associated with elevated high-sensitivity C-reactive protein levels in Korean adults.•The associations between DII and an elevated ...high-sensitivity C-reactive protein was modified by body mass index, age, drinking habits, and smoking status, respectively.•These findings may support one of the mechanisms for the pathway between dietary inflammation and inflammation-related diseases.
To our knowledge, only a few studies have explored the relationship between the inflammatory potential of diet and serum inflammatory markers in Korean adults. The likely novel aim of this study was to examine the association between the dietary inflammatory index (DII) and serum high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) in a Korean adult population.
A cross-sectional study was conducted using the data set from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) 2015. Korean adults ≥19 y of age with hs-CRP values were included in this study. After excluding individuals with missing variables for covariates, the final analytic sample for the study was 3014 adults (1295 men and 1719 women). DII scores were calculated from a 1-d 24-h dietary recall, and hs-CRP was measured using the immunoturbidimetric method. Multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed to calculate adjusted odds ratios (AORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) to test the effect of the DII score on serum hs-CRP as dichotomous (>2 versus ≤2 mg/L).
A significant association was observed between increasing DII scores and elevated hs-CRP. Korean adults in the highest quintile of the DII (indicating the most proinflammatory diet), compared with the lowest quintile of the DII (indicating the most anti-inflammatory diet), had increased odds of having elevated hs-CRP concentrations (>2 mg/L; AOR, 1.70; 95% CI, 1.07–2.69; Ptrend < 0.0001) after controlling for age, sex, education, marital status, alcohol consumption, smoking status, body mass index, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and physical activity.
Higher DII scores were positively associated with elevated hs-CRP levels in Korean adults. Because inflammation affects the risk for cancer, cardiovascular disease, and other inflammation-related conditions, future studies are warranted to examine the effect of the DII on other inflammatory biomarkers and chronic disease outcomes among the Korean population.
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