We report a systematic study of the etching of MoSs crystals by using XeF2 as a gaseous reactant. By controlling the etching process, monolayer MoS2 with uniform morphology can be obtained. The Raman ...and photoluminescence spectra of the resulting material were similar to those of exfoliated MoS2. Utilizing this strategy, different patterns such as a Hall bar structure and a hexagonal array can be realized. Furthermore, the etching mechanism was studied by introducing graphene as an etching mask. We believe our technique opens an easy and controllable way of etching MoS2, which can be used to fabricate complex nanostructures, such as nanoribbons, quantum dots, and transistor structures. This etching process using XeF2 can also be extended to other interesting two-dimensional crystals.
Advances in large-area graphene synthesis via chemical vapour deposition on metals like copper were instrumental in the demonstration of graphene-based novel, wafer-scale electronic circuits and ...proof-of-concept applications such as flexible touch panels. Here, we show that graphene grown by chemical vapour deposition on copper is equally promising for spintronics applications. In contrast to natural graphene, our experiments demonstrate that chemically synthesized graphene has a strong spin-orbit coupling as high as 20 meV giving rise to a giant spin Hall effect. The exceptionally large spin Hall angle ~0.2 provides an important step towards graphene-based spintronics devices within existing complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor technology. Our microscopic model shows that unavoidable residual copper adatom clusters act as local spin-orbit scatterers and, in the resonant scattering limit, induce transverse spin currents with enhanced skew-scattering contribution. Our findings are confirmed independently by introducing metallic adatoms-copper, silver and gold on exfoliated graphene samples.
Since its invention, cinema has had a long history of experimentation and exploration of the relationship between "screen," "moving image," and "place." However, it is only in the last few decades ...that artists influenced by the site-specific art movements of the 1960s have started to use dynamic outdoor space in substantial ways. This kind of site-specific cinema privileges a number of distinct characteristics that could redefine cinema in new ways, such as the application of the long take, a non-narrative structure and a tendency towards a direct representation of time. This practice-based research explores site-specific cinema from two aspects: on the one hand, this research investigates how site-specific cinema develops a distinctive relationship between moving image, space and spectator. On the other hand, this research adopts Deleuze's film-philosophy to explore the essence of the image in site-specific cinema. Focusing on the development of a filmmaking methodology, this research explicitly analyses the application of static shots, long takes, and balanced composition in Ozu's films, and applies this to site-specific cinema, thereby denoting a new model of cinematic experience. By using a reflective practice approach, this research aims to contribute original knowledge through its contextual reviews and original artworks used as case studies.
We report a systematic study of the etching of MoS^sub 2^ crystals by using XeF^sub 2^ as a gaseous reactant. By controlling the etching process, monolayer MoS^sub 2^ with uniform morphology can be ...obtained. The Raman and photoluminescence spectra of the resulting material were similar to those of exfoliated MoS^sub 2^. Utilizing this strategy, different patterns such as a Hall bar structure and a hexagonal array can be realized. Furthermore, the etching mechanism was studied by introducing graphene as an etching mask. We believe our technique opens an easy and controllable way of etching MoS^sub 2^, which can be used to fabricate complex nanostructures, such as nanoribbons, quantum dots, and transistor structures. This etching process using XeF^sub 2^ can also be extended to other interesting two-dimensional crystals. Figure not available: see fulltext.PUBLICATION ABSTRACT
We report a systematic study of the etching of MoS sub(2) crystals by using XeF sub(2) as a gaseous reactant. By controlling the etching process, monolayer MoS sub(2) with uniform morphology can be ...obtained. The Raman and photoluminescence spectra of the resulting material were similar to those of exfoliated MoS sub(2). Utilizing this strategy, different patterns such as a Hall bar structure and a hexagonal array can be realized. Furthermore, the etching mechanism was studied by introducing graphene as an etching mask. We believe our technique opens an easy and controllable way of etching MoS sub(2), which can be used to fabricate complex nanostructures, such as nanoribbons, quantum dots, and transistor structures. This etching process using XeF sub(2) can also be extended to other interesting two-dimensional crystals. Graphical abstract: Figure not available: see fulltext.
The physical realization of SMART Manufacturing is decision making in real-world applications. The first section of the paper discusses the successful digital transformation journey of Kulicke & ...Soffa (K&S) through various critical initiatives. These include Value Stream Mapping (VSM) workshops, Manufacturing Execution System (MES), Data Warehouse cloud solution and finally Tableau visualization adoption. 1 In the second section, we will present the recent achievement of enabling predictive analytic through deep learning. In detail, we will discuss the challenges centering around 3 pillars of support; namely data infrastructure, data inference and advanced analytics. Data infrastructure translates the real-world manufacturing processes into the digital world. Data inference links up the data generation to the business case. This iteratively refines data infrastructure, product design and manufacturing design for maximum exploitation. Lastly, suitable advanced analytic techniques must be chosen to optimize the defined system for performance improvement. Being successful in these 3 pillars revolves around an iterative development of synergies between physical sciences subject matter experts (SMEs), manufacturing operations and the analytics team.
We report a systematic study of the etching of MoS2 crystals by using XeF2 as a gaseous reactant. By controlling the etching process, monolayer MoS2 with uniform morphology can be obtained. The Raman ...and photoluminescence spectra of the resulting material were similar to those of exfoliated MoS2. Utilizing this strategy, different patterns such as a Hall bar structure and a hexagonal array can be realized. Furthermore, the etching mechanism was studied by introducing graphene as an etching mask. We believe our technique opens an easy and controllable way of etching MoS2, which can be used to fabricate complex nanostructures, such as nanoribbons, quantum dots and transistor structures. This etching process using XeF2 can also be extended to other interesting two-dimensional crystals.
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•The layer coefficients of CACSM from field test locations ranged from 0.22 to 0.24. By contrast, for granular and cement-treated bases, these values were between 0.07 and 0.14 and ...between 0.17 and 0.20.•The mechanical property test verified the self-healing ability of CACSM; coal ash appeared to considerably influence the secondary curing of the specimens.•The use of 100% CACSM as a pavement base is a viable solution that can contribute to the development of transportation infrastructure with enhanced concrete durability and reduced carbon footprint emissions.
Coal fly ash (CFA) and coal bottom ash (CBA) are coal combustion's primary solid waste products. This solid waste management is a substantial challenge for power plants and local authorities. In order to apply coal ash as a pavement base material, the relationship of the mixture’s mechanical properties with structural design parameters for pavement design and analysis must be explored. No study has investigated the mechanical behavior of the 100% coal ash cement stabilized material (CACSM) as a pavement base layer. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the structural layer coefficient of CACSM used in the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO) 1993 pavement design guide. The study consisted of laboratory material characterization and field evaluation. The mechanical property test revealed that CACSM has a self-healing ability; coal ash appeared to influence the secondary curing of the specimens significantly. Strength towards the ends of stage I and stage II showed the influence of high pozzolanic on the CACSM, which resulted in improved long-term performance. The layer coefficients of the locations in the field test ranged from 0.22 to 0.24. By contrast, for the granular base and cement-treated base, these values were 0.07 to 0.14 and 0.17–0.20, respectively. The study findings show that CACSM as a pavement base is a viable solution that can help develop transportation infrastructure with enhanced concrete durability and lower carbon footprint emissions.
This article aims at setting out a broader context for the debates and discussions on welfare transformations driven by rapid global challenges and restructuring. Confronted with challenges resulting ...from the COVID-19 pandemic, governments and societies across the globe must rethink and reimagine their social welfare approaches to make them appropriate and effective to manage the risks and crises. The papers in this special issue address three major themes: 1) democratisation and changing welfare regimes / social policy provision; 2) reflections of social service delivery; 3) rethinking state-market-society relationships when managing welfare needs.
RIPK1 is a master regulator of inflammatory signaling and cell death and increased RIPK1 activity is observed in human diseases, including Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis ...(ALS). RIPK1 inhibition has been shown to protect against cell death in a range of preclinical cellular and animal models of diseases. SAR443060 (previously DNL747) is a selective, orally bioavailable, central nervous system (CNS)–penetrant, small‐molecule, reversible inhibitor of RIPK1. In three early‐stage clinical trials in healthy subjects and patients with AD or ALS (NCT03757325 and NCT03757351), SAR443060 distributed into the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) after oral administration and demonstrated robust peripheral target engagement as measured by a reduction in phosphorylation of RIPK1 at serine 166 (pRIPK1) in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells compared to baseline. RIPK1 inhibition was generally safe and well‐tolerated in healthy volunteers and patients with AD or ALS. Taken together, the distribution into the CSF after oral administration, the peripheral proof‐of‐mechanism, and the safety profile of RIPK1 inhibition to date, suggest that therapeutic modulation of RIPK1 in the CNS is possible, conferring potential therapeutic promise for AD and ALS, as well as other neurodegenerative conditions. However, SAR443060 development was discontinued due to long‐term nonclinical toxicology findings, although these nonclinical toxicology signals were not observed in the short duration dosing in any of the three early‐stage clinical trials. The dose‐limiting toxicities observed for SAR443060 preclinically have not been reported for other RIPK1‐inhibitors, suggesting that these toxicities are compound‐specific (related to SAR443060) rather than RIPK1 pathway‐specific.
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